Abstract: A water-ballasted molded plastic barrier system incorporates barrier segments wherein each segment employs a sawtooth reflective design, designed to prevent the tire of a vehicle, impacting the barrier, from climbing up the side of the barrier segment. Adjacent barrier segments are attached together using an interlocking knuckle design, having a lug pin connection system. Wire rope cable assemblies are internally molded into each barrier segment to create an impenetrable cable fence. The wire rope cable assemblies include steel bushings which are molded into the interlocking knuckles to further strengthen the barrier system.

Abstract: A bollard assembly is disclosed that includes an elongate hollow bollard having opposed first and second ends, a sidewall extending between the first and second ends, and through hole formed in the side wall. The assembly also includes a sleeve configured to receive and support a lower portion of the bollard, and a hollow cylindrical insert disposed within the lower end of the bollard. A pin protrudes outward from the insert sidewall, extends through the bollard through hole and engages the sleeve, whereby the assembly is retained in an assembled configuration. The bollard includes a prescribed breakaway line along which an upper portion of the bollard can be separated from the lower portion upon sufficient impact. Once the upper portion is broken away, the insert permits the lower portion of the bollard to be removed from the sleeve and replaced with a replacement bollard.

Abstract: A barrier that includes attack resistant pane(s) (see DEFINITIONS section). In this way, a person behind the barrier can be protected when they are outside. More specifically, the person behind the barrier is protected, at least to some extent, from both: (i) vehicular attacks; and (ii) blast (for example, bombs) and/or ballistic (for example, bullet) attacks. Also, the protected person can see what is happening across the barrier because of the attack-resistant pane(s). Also, if the barrier is unanchored then it can be moved from place to place, for example, by heavy equipment, so that the same barrier can be re-deployed at different outdoor locations (or indoor locations) on an as-needed basis. Preferably, the barrier also includes framing pieces that secure the attack-resistant pane(s) to the body of the barrier, with the framing pieces being covered on one side by an attack-resistant material (preferably, hardened steel).

Abstract: Disclosed anti-ram systems comprise at least one bollard section comprising a base of limited height and a plurality of spaced bollards extending upwardly from the base, which may be erected or installed on a paved surface such as asphalt, concrete, paver stones, etc., or on an unpaved surface such as soil, and need not be partially of fully buried, and yet can qualify for Department of State crash ratings previously assigned to buried bollard systems. Disclosed anti-ram systems also comprise a plurality of bollard sections and one or more connectors for interconnecting two or more of the bollard sections, and may also include an anchor or anchor system engaging at least each end of a bollard section not connected to another bollard section. The bollard sections may be filled with ballast and high friction structure may be attached to the bottom of the bollard sections to resist sliding after impact.

Abstract: A crash barrier system is provided that generally includes a hydraulic actuator driven piston operably connected to a hydraulic circuit and the crash barrier. In general, the hydraulic circuit includes a normal-UP and normal-DOWN section, an emergency-UP section, and an external pressure relief valve. In order to automatically provide corrective action in the event of an overpressure condition, the external pressure relief valve is connected to the hydraulic circuit. Upon occurrence of condition that causes the hydraulic fluid pressure to exceed a predetermined value, hydraulic fluid is released through the pressure relief valve to maintain the pressure at or below the predetermined value.

Abstract: Described are materials and structures for absorbing energy. The materials and structures are well suited for arresting aircraft and other vehicles, although their purposes need not be so limited. Also detailed are packaging and other solutions for maintaining system integrity, especially (but not exclusively) when foam glass or other aggregate is employed.

Abstract: An impact absorption facility for road makes it possible to protect a road center, a road side, a road ramp, an entering side of a tunnel or an underground road, pillars, faith silk or others and to absorb the impact of vehicle collided and to decelerate during a collision by decreasing the impacts occurring due to the impact of a vehicle by installing the impact absorption facility even in a highway ramp, and it is possible to prevent a vehicle from entering an opposite road lane or going out of a road for thereby allowing the vehicle to run on a normal road and to return to a road. A traffic accident can be effectively prevented with the help of a lighting lamp or a reflection lamp when a vehicle approaches the impact absorption facility when a driver drives at night with sleepiness.

Abstract: A barrier system is provided including at least a first front barrier and at least a second rear barrier. The second rear barrier is located a pre-determined spaced distance behind the front barrier. At least a part of said second rear barrier is substantially greater in height than the height of said first front barrier.

Abstract: A crash barrier system is provided that generally includes a hydraulic actuator driven piston operably connected to a hydraulic circuit and the crash barrier. In general, the hydraulic circuit includes a normal-UP and normal-DOWN section, an emergency-UP section, and an overpressure relief sub-system. In order to automatically provide corrective action in the event of an overpressure condition, the overpressure relief sub-system includes an external pressure relief valve that is connected to the hydraulic circuit. Upon occurrence of condition that causes the hydraulic fluid pressure to exceed a predetermined value, hydraulic fluid is released through the pressure relief valve to maintain the pressure at or below the predetermined value.

Abstract: Increased resistance to displacement of a barrier or barrier sections thereof in response to a lateral force without anchoring or bolting barrier sections together is achieved by providing an attachment arrangement near the top of an end of barrier sections which is capable of carrying a tensile force and developing that tensile force using a tightening bolt/nut arrangement located at deflection stops at lower corners of the barrier sections to develop a compressive force. The barrier sections are thus rigidly attached together such that a lateral force applied to one or more barrier sections is partially transferred to additional attached barrier sections effectively increasing the mass against which the lateral force is applied. The tightening bolt/nut arrangements are retained by and are captive to the respective barrier sections when barrier sections are disassembled from each other.

Abstract: An anti-ram system and method of construction having a shallow mounted base pad from which extend a plurality of bollards. Very little or only a shallow excavation is required for the base of the bollard system, which can be partially or fully assembled prior to bringing it to the installation site. The shallow mounting pad or base of the bollard system of this invention may be formed or constructed in various ways and of various materials, and in various configurations. The shallow mounting pad or base is constructed so as to have considerable mass.

Abstract: Embodiments of a safety trailer are shown and described. The safety trailer includes a trailer body defining a protected workzone, and having a first end and a second end and king pins at both the first and second ends. Also provided is a removable caboose engageable with either of the king pins at the first and second ends of the trailer body, the caboose having a fixed king pin plate, a nose portion and at least one axle and wheels. The fixed king pin plate distributes at least a portion of the force of a vehicle colliding with the safety trailer. The caboose is also provided with a caboose receiving member, the caboose receiving member comprising an alignment device. The caboose further comprises at least one of: a vertical adjustment member adapted to maintain a level ride height, provide additional ground clearance and level the caboose; and an auxiliary mechanism adapted to engage a caboose brake system.

Abstract: A bollard assembly includes a bollard, and a load transfer member disposed in the bollard, and a shock absorber disposed within the load transfer member. A fastener extends through the load transfer member and shock absorber, and secures the bollard, load transfer member and shock absorber to a ground surface. The load transfer member adjoins the bollard so as to be disposed between the shock absorber and the bollard, and the load transfer member is configured so that when an impact force is applied to the bollard, the force is transferred from the bollard to the shock absorber via the load transfer member. The deflection is absorbed by the shock absorber so that the anchor remains undeformed and the ground remains undamaged. Moreover, due to the resilience of the shock absorber, the bollard and load transfer member are returned to a normal, upright orientation upon withdrawal of the impact load.

Abstract: Increased resistance to displacement of a barrier or barrier sections thereof in response to a lateral force without anchoring or bolting barrier sections together is achieved by providing an attachment arrangement near the top of an end of barrier sections which is capable of carrying a tensile force and developing that tensile force using a tightening bolt/nut arrangement located at deflection stops at lower corners of the barrier sections to develop a compressive force. The barrier sections are thus rigidly attached together such that a lateral force applied to one or more barrier sections is partially transferred to additional attached barrier sections effectively increasing the mass against which the lateral force is applied. The tightening bolt/nut arrangements are retained by and are captive to the respective barrier sections when barrier sections are disassembled from each other.

Abstract: A separating element for traffic surfaces, which is preferably made of concrete, has at least one connecting element (5, 6) on each opposite end face (4), via which connecting element the separating element can be connected to an adjacent separating element (1, 20). At least one projection (41, 43) is arranged on one end face (4) and at least one recess (42,44) is arranged on the other end face, wherein a projection (41, 43) is inserted into a recess (42, 44) of an adjacent separating element (1, 20) in order to transmit forces acting in the plane of the end face (4) from one separating element (1, 20) to the adjacent separating element (1, 20).

Abstract: A vehicle barrier control device for limiting vehicular access to an area. The vehicle barrier control device includes a barrier system having an active position and a passive position and a control system adapted to move the barrier system between the active position and the passive position. In the active position, the barrier system prevents vehicles from passing through. In the passive position, vehicles are permitted to pass through. The barrier system includes a buttress, movable barrier plate, traffic control arm and a traffic indicating light. The control system comprises a traffic arm motor, programmable logic controller, variable frequency drive, and actuator. The barrier system is temporarily bolted to a sub-frame set in concrete. An actuator motor mounted to an actuator reduces the need for typical hydraulic components. Using a variable speed and reversible actuator motor the present invention provides high-speed movements of the barrier plate for emergency conditions.

Abstract: A bollard covering formed from a body, a body connector, a first center, a second center, a bottom, and a top is disclosed. The body connector and bottom further comprise post guide surfaces. In order to secure the bollard covering to the post, one or more holes are provided within the bottom, threaded to accommodate a set screw, or the like. Bollard covering elements are joined by welding, bonding, or mechanical fastening. Bollard coverings may be formed from standard inventory elements in order to create a standard inventory or a customized bollard covering product that may be economically configured on an individual bollard covering basis, or on small or large scale runs, with as much variation in optional components, features, and conveniences as may be required by the marketplace.

Abstract: An apparatus for inhibiting the rotation of the tires of a vehicle comprising a housing comprising a ramp for oncoming vehicular traffic, the ramp also having a cavity adapted to releasably contain a net having spikes arranged at a leading edge of the net to engage the tires, the net further comprising a trailing edge that is attached to a releasable restraining element; a platform within the housing upon which the spikes are supported and that is moveable between spikes exposed and spikes unexposed positions; and an actuator that transmits an electronic command to expose the spikes to the vehicle.

Abstract: A barrier type bollard includes: at least two blocks 10, 20, the block 10 being defined between two faces 11, 12 defining a wedge having an edge 13 and a dihedral angle ? of a value of less than ninety degrees, the face 12 being arranged as a sliding face 12?, the second block 20 having a sliding face 22? substantially complementary to the sliding face 12?, the two blocks 10, 20 being mounted in such a manner that their sliding faces 12? and 22? rest one on the other; an oblong element 30 of longitudinal axis 31 projecting from the face 11; and damper elements 40 for damping the sliding movement of the two blocks one on the other, the damper elements 40 being interposed between the two blocks. The bollard is applicable to impact-absorbing barriers against all kinds of body, and particularly but not exclusively, against vehicles.

Abstract: An inertial barrier includes a standard size plastic container and a single size insert that is supported by a ledge inside the container for supporting different amounts of sand or other dispersible granular energy absorbing material thereon to achieve different barrier weight configurations. The insert has an axially upwardly, radially inwardly extending top wall that permits some downward flexing of the insert inside the container as the weight of the material that is placed on the insert builds up, causing the sides of the insert to expand and push radially outwardly against the container side wall, preventing the material from leaking past the insert inside the container. Axially extending ribs may be provided in the container side wall for increased strength and rigidity.

Abstract: A bollard assembly is disclosed that includes an elongate hollow bollard having opposed first and second ends, a sidewall extending between the first and second ends, and through hole formed in the side wall. The assembly also includes a sleeve configured to receive and support a lower portion of the bollard, and a hollow cylindrical insert disposed within the lower end of the bollard. A pin protrudes outward from the insert sidewall, extends through the bollard through hole and engages the sleeve, whereby the assembly is retained in an assembled configuration. The bollard includes a prescribed breakaway line along which an upper portion of the bollard can be separated from the lower portion upon sufficient impact. Once the upper portion is broken away, the insert permits the lower portion of the bollard to be removed from the sleeve and replaced with a replacement bollard.

Abstract: A load-limiting device is formed from a length of wire with a coil at each end defining eyes by which the device can be connected into a system adapted to be loaded in tension. The coils are of different diameter and the larger diameter coil is adapted to unwind by plastic deformation of the wire when the device is subject to a tensile load of a predetermined magnitude. The use of such devices in a system for deploying a vehicle arresting device across a roadway is also described.

Abstract: An access delay vehicle barrier for stopping unauthorized entry into secure areas by a vehicle ramming attack includes access delay features for preventing and/or delaying an adversary from defeating or compromising the barrier. A horizontally deployed barrier member can include an exterior steel casing, an interior steel reinforcing member and access delay members disposed within the casing and between the casing and the interior reinforcing member. Access delay members can include wooden structural lumber, concrete and/or polymeric members that in combination with the exterior casing and interior reinforcing member act cooperatively to impair an adversarial attach by thermal, mechanical and/or explosive tools.

Abstract: Anti-ram systems according to embodiments of the invention comprise at least one bollard section comprising a base of limited height and a plurality of spaced bollards extending upwardly from the base. An anti-ram system according to embodiments of the invention may be erected or installed on a paved surface such as asphalt, concrete, paver stones, etc., or on an unpaved surface such as soil, and need not be partially of fully buried, and yet can qualify for Department of State crash ratings previously assigned to buried bollard systems. Disclosed anti-ram system also comprise a plurality of bollard sections and one or more connectors for interconnecting two or more of the bollard sections, and may also include an anchor or anchor system engaging at least each end of a bollard section not connected to another bollard section. The bollard sections may be filled with ballast and high friction structure may be attached to the bottom of the bollard sections to resist sliding after impact.

Abstract: A vehicle access control system includes an elongate, generally hollow, generally planar base platform having a first and a second distal end. A generally hollow enclosure is atop the base platform. A first lift gate is intermediate the enclosure and the first distal end of the base platform, while a second lift gate is intermediate the enclosure the second distal end of the base platform. A first lift arm is pivotally coupled to the first lift gate and extends generally perpendicularly away from a longitudinal axis of the base platform. Likewise, a second, opposing lift arm is pivotally coupled to the second lift gate and extends generally perpendicularly away from the longitudinal axis of the base platform. The base platform is configured for direct contact with a mounting surface. In addition, the vehicle access control system is transportable as a unit.

Abstract: A tire deflation device capable of being remotely operated to extend and retract a spike assembly into the path of a vehicle to controllably deflate one or more of its tires is described. An embodiment includes a self contained supply of pressurized air that is in communication with an actuator that operatively extends and retracts the spike assembly based on a signal received from a wireless remote control.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for disabling a ground engaging traction device of a land vehicle includes at least one penetrator configured to breach the traction device, an articulated strap configured to move the apparatus between a retracted arrangement and an extended arrangement, a mass configured to deploy the apparatus to the extended arrangement, and a retractor configured to retract the apparatus to the retracted arrangement. The penetrators can be arranged in a triangular section which, in turn, can be deployable on any of its three sides.

Abstract: The invention relates to an access control device (20) comprising a first housing (21), an obstacle (25) mounted to move in translation in the first housing, a second housing (23) remote (34) from the first housing and receiving an electric motor-and-gearbox unit (26), a deformable link connected to the obstacle and co-operating with the unit, and a mechanical return device for returning the obstacle towards a position projecting out from the first housing, which return device is connected to the deformable link and is arranged in the second housing.

Abstract: A collapsible barrier (10) comprises: a first pair of members (12,14) pivotally coupled together at a first coupling (16); and a second pair of members (18, 20) pivotally coupled together at a second coupling (22); wherein each member (12, 14) of the first pair is pivotally coupled at a respective lateral coupling (24, 26) to a corresponding member (18, 20) of the second pair such that the members (12, 14, 18, 20) are movable from an erected configuration where the members of the first pair are mutually inclined at a first angular separation, and a collapsed configuration where the members of the first pair are mutually inclined at a second angular separation which is less than the first angular separation.

Abstract: A construction site fence, or barrier foot plate base unit or foot cover attachment for separating the barrier from traffic and to guide traffic. The base unit attaches a traffic delineator thereon top of the base unit. Also, the base unit may include a pad that is tapered away from the construction site barrier panel foot, creating a gentle sloping ramp, including a combination of the sloping ramp and the delineator mount.

Abstract: A mechanism for the absorption of the kinetic energy of a vehicle frontally impacting against a containment system, such as an impact attenuator or barrier terminal, by means of the longitudinal propagation of the plastic deformation of one or more longitudinal deformable metallic profiles produced by means of a rigid ram which is displaced along the deformable profile, intercepting part of its cross-section, joined to a structural element of the system which receives and transmits the impact of the vehicle being displaced along the containment system, the deformable profile being directly or indirectly fixed to the ground and therefore remaining static during the impact.

Abstract: An end treatment array for crash attenuation includes a transition barrier module formed of side walls, end walls, a top wall, and a bottom wall, wherein the module walls together define an enclosed interior space. The end treatment array further includes a containment impact sled having an axially extending frame. The frame has a width sufficient to contain the transition barrier module within the frame when in an assembled configuration, and has an axial length which is at least one-half the length of the transition barrier module. The frame defines an interior volume, the purpose of which is to contain a substantial portion of the transition barrier module in the assembled configuration, and to contain debris caused by destruction of the plastic barrier modules in a vehicular impact. The containment impact sled is attached to the transition barrier module.

Abstract: A barrier for arresting a vehicle. The barrier includes a net spanning an area through which the vehicle may pass, an anchor coupled to the net, a support arm arranged on one side of the area through which the vehicle may pass, a raising/lowering mechanism for raising and lowering the support arm, and a release mechanism arranged on the support arm, the release mechanism having an upper and a lower protrusion forming an interior space to accommodate a member coupled to the net, and the member and the release mechanism become uncoupled upon application to the net of at least a predetermined threshold force.

Abstract: A water-ballasted barrier system incorporates a concave reflective design, wherein outer walls of the barrier segment are configured in a concave manner. The concave section is designed to prevent the tire of a vehicle, impacting the barrier, from climbing up the side of the barrier segment, by pocketing the tire in the curved center portion of the barrier wall. Adjacent barrier segments are attached together using an interlocking knuckle design, having a lug pin connection system. In some embodiments, wire rope cable is internally molded into each barrier segment to strengthen the barrier system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a a security bollard and, in particular, to a security bollard designed to be used as a protective measure to be placed in front of shop fronts and Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) that may be subjected to ramming by vehicles. The bollard includes a first upright hollow member having an outer wall defining a chamber, and a plurality of vertical longitudinal jamming rods disposed inside the chamber. Each jamming rod has associated therewith a biasing means for biasing the members in a longitudinal direction so as to act like a disk brake on cutting implements attempting to cut through the jamming rods, and to also dose the gap created by the cut should the cutting implement be retrieved and cutting attempted again.

Abstract: The present invention relates to road spikes that can made of long fiber reinforced thermoplastics that, when deployed, are geometrically positioned to puncture or disable a tire. The spikes can be formed of a long fiber reinforced thermoplastic containing 10-70% long fibers by weight. Spikes of this material can be made as direct and/or alternative replacements for existing metal spikes or as unique integrated devices. One integrated component is a device having several piercing elements that are deployed in a vertically divergent manner spaced about a vertical axis wherein at least one piercing element is directed towards the direction of the oncoming vehicle. In one embodiment deployable from a string, this is accomplished through the use of spikes with six piercing elements that are self-leveling and self-centering. In another embodiment, several clusters can be fixed to a tube that is foldable and extendable.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement for securing signs at select positions along the length of a concrete barrier is provided by forming a longitudinally extending groove within one side of the barrier and slideably positioning a bolt within the channel so that the bolt is captured within the channel for longitudinal movement relative thereto and extends through the groove and to the exterior of the barrier. The bolt extends through a sign support on the exterior of the barrier. A nut engaged with the bolt draws the sign support into secure engagement with the exterior surface of the barrier.

Abstract: In a vehicle guideway having a vehicle track, a guidance system is provided comprising one or more guide curbs installed along a length of the guideway, and a low-friction coating or coatings presented by the curbs, a vehicle's tires, or both, the coating or coatings reducing friction and wear in the event of contact between the tires and the one or more guide curbs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self-contained, pop-up bollard barrier system (10) that is capable of working from a single electromechanical actuator (29) with a series of belts (30) and pulleys (38, 38A). The system (10) is built in two parts that once the foundation vault (44) is in place, the internal apparatus or bollard assembly (11) can be removed as a unit for maintenance or can be completely replaced with another assembly to have a brand new barrier without the need of replacing or moving any of the initial foundation. The system (10) enhances the ability of the contractor on site to have a self contained product that only needs wiring and requires no grease while minimizing the installation cost, which is passed on to the end user.

Abstract: A parking bumper shell that can be easily filled with a heavy form-filling material (such as concrete) to form a parking bumper is provided. The parking bumper shell may be injection molded from durable, brightly-colored, UV- and weather-resistant plastic. Undercuts, such as in the form of a plurality of undercut wings or z-puller pins, may be disposed on the interior of the parking bumper shell's top and side walls to aid in holding the parking bumper shell and the heavy filling material together. The parking bumper shell may also include internally projecting hollow extensions that are adapted to receive anchoring posts. While the parking bumper shell is being filled, it may be placed in a rigid frame which helps the shell to keep its shape during filling. The parking bumper shells are light-weight, nestable, and do not require internal steel rebar reinforcement, thereby greatly reducing transportation costs.

Abstract: The present invention is a portable vehicle barrier, which is used to easily and effectively block vehicle access to restricted areas. The present invention comprises a front base, a rear base, spikes, and multiple folding arms. The folding arms are used to connect individual barriers to form a larger barrier so they can block small or large areas as needed. The spikes drive into the ground slowing oncoming vehicles and eventually stopping them as the barrier cantilevers intruding vehicles on the front base. For storage and transportation the folding arms can be folded to rest alongside the front base and rear base, while the rear base can be folded to rest atop the front base. A plurality of arm housings are located along the front and rear base, and are use to secure the folding arms in the deployed or storage states.

Abstract: An impact attenuator system includes a hyperelastic member that comprises an energy-absorbing material which behaves in a rate-independent hyperelastic manner so that its permanent set is minimized and the material can absorb tremendous amounts of impact energy while remaining fully recoverable.

Abstract: An anti-ram system and method of construction having a shallow mounted base pad from which extend a plurality of bollards. Very little or only a shallow excavation is required for the base of the bollard system, which can be partially or fully assembled prior to bringing it to the installation site. The shallow mounting pad or base of the bollard system of this invention may be formed or constructed in various ways and of various materials, and in various configurations. The shallow mounting pad or base is constructed so as to have considerable mass.

Abstract: A portable perimeter defense system is provided that is configured for preventing unwanted intrusions by vehicles or other heavy and fast-moving vehicles into a protected area while also providing requisite ballistic resistance capabilities. The defense system includes at least one individual modular barrier that can be readily transported to a point of use and can be secured in place without requiring heavy equipment or power sources, such as electricity. The modular barrier includes a front plate configured to provide ballistic protection in the direction of impact and to provide an impact surface capable of withstanding impact. The front plate extends upwardly from a base plate and a kick plate extends outwardly from the rear or aft side of the front plate. The front or fore edge of the base plate defines a vehicle engaging interface, the rear or aft edge of the base plate is arcuate and defines a ground engaging interface, and the rear or aft edge of the kick plate defines a ground engaging interface.

Abstract: An access delay vehicle barrier for stopping unauthorized entry into secure areas by a vehicle ramming attack includes access delay features for preventing and/or delaying an adversary from defeating or compromising the barrier. A horizontally deployed barrier member can include an exterior steel casing, an interior steel reinforcing member and access delay members disposed within the casing and between the casing and the interior reinforcing member. Access delay members can include wooden structural lumber, concrete and/or polymeric members that in combination with the exterior casing and interior reinforcing member act cooperatively to impair an adversarial attach by thermal, mechanical and/or explosive tools.

Abstract: A barrier system includes at least first and second reinforced concrete posts, each concrete post including at least one conduit formed therethrough having first and second ends and a strain relief sector formed therein at the first end of the conduit. At least one tension cable extends between the posts. The tension cable extends through the conduit of each post and has a cable end secured to the post at the second end of each post's conduit.

Abstract: A vehicle arresting device comprises a net intended to be laid flat on the ground in the path of an oncoming vehicle to be arrested. Two rows of barbed spikes are attached to the net along its leading edge. When a vehicle runs over the device the spikes lodge in its front tires and the net is caused to wrap around the front wheels, eventually being pulled tight under the vehicle so that the tension in the net prevents further rotation of the wheels and the vehicle is brought to a stop. The net is manufactured such that in its deployed condition it has sufficient lateral stretch to allow it to become fully wrapped around the front wheels before the tension builds up to a level at which there might otherwise be a risk of the spikes being pulled from the tires.

Abstract: A shallow mounted fixed vehicle barrier device for prohibiting vehicular access to a facility or area. The shallow mounted fixed vehicle barrier device includes a barrier system having a passive position and a support system adapted to maintain the barrier system in the passive position. In the passive position, the barrier system prevents vehicles from passing by or through to the protected facility or area. The shallow mounted fixed vehicle barrier device always remains in the passive position and, therefore, never allows vehicles access to the secured facility or area, after installation. The barrier system includes a bollard and, optionally, a bollard sleeve. The support system includes a base frame attached to the bollard, such that the base frame is adapted to secure the bollard during vehicular attack. The shallow mounted fixed vehicle barrier device can be installed in a foundation having a depth of less than twelve inches.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self-contained, pop-up bollard barrier system (10) that is capable of working from a single electromechanical actuator (29) with a series of belts (30) and pulleys (38, 38A). The system (10) is built in two parts that once the foundation vault (44) is in place, the internal apparatus or bollard assembly (11) can be removed as a unit for maintenance or can be completely replaced with another assembly to have a brand new barrier without the need of replacing or moving any of the initial foundation. The system (10) enhances the ability of the contractor on site to have a self contained product that only needs wiring and requires no grease while minimizing the installation cost, which is passed on to the end user.

Abstract: A vehicle impact attenuator includes a rail and at least one guide member moveable along the rail. At least a portion of the guide member is rotatable relative to the rail about a vertical axis by at least ±10° without binding the guide member against the rail. At least one energy absorbing element is located adjacent said guide member. A method of attenuating the impact of a vehicle is also provided.