Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, an apparatus for directional degradation of a surface comprises an attachment assembly connected to a motorized vehicle comprising at least one degradation tool. The at least one degradation tool comprises a substantially cylindrical rotary degradation element having a substantially cylindrical working surface formed about a rotational axis. A plurality of cutting inserts is embedded within the substantially cylindrical working surface and is adapted to degrade a surface in a direction substantially normal to the rotational axis. At least one of the plurality of cutting inserts comprises a superhard material bonded to a cemented metal carbide substrate at a non-planar interface. The superhard material comprises a substantially pointed geometry with an apex comprising a 0.050 to 0.160 inch radius and a 0.100 to 0.500 inch thickness from the apex to the non-planar interface.

Abstract: According to a method for laying a paving mat with a paving screed, the paving mat comprising a lane and a downwardly inclined slope beginning at a transition to the outside, the paving screed comprising a base screed and at least one extension screed which is extendable and retractable by a sliding motion in a sliding direction parallel to the base screed for varying the working width of the paving screed, the base screed and the extension screed having sole plates at the lower sides, with the sole plate of the extension screed being inclined laterally for forming the slope with the angle of the slope, a lateral position of the transition is first set relative to the base screed, during or after setting the lateral position a height difference is measured perpendicular to the planum between a fixed measuring location at the base screed and a location along a reference line extending parallel to the sole plate of the extension screed, the measured height difference being converted into a target value, and in

Abstract: A paving screed comprises a base screed and extension screeds each of which is support via an extension guiding structure at a guidance fixed in the base screed such that each extension screed can be extended and retracted. A multiple point suspension is provided between the extension guiding structure and the guidance. A frame carrying the sole plate of the extension screed A is arranged below the extension guiding structure. Substantially vertical adjustment assemblies make it possible to adjust the height position of the frame via drives. A lateral inclination adjustment assembly is provided structurally separated from the adjustment assemblies either for the frame or within the frame for the sole plate of the extension screed.

Abstract: A porous concrete road surface structure made from polymer modified cement and a construction method thereof are disclosed. The structure successively comprises a bottom layer, a bonding layer, a porous concrete layer and a surface treatment layer. The bonding layer is located on the bottom layer, and the porous concrete layer on the bonding layer is prepared through paving, leveling and jolting a composition mixed from broken stone, sand and a slurry mixture of polymer modified cement.

Abstract: An improved surface seeded exposed particulate concrete and method of making the improved surface seeded exposed particulate concrete is disclosed. Small particulate is sprayed over the upper surface of the concrete. The particulate may be sprayed using a material sprayer. The particulate may be uniformly sprayed to distances exceeding twenty feet. The particulate is mixed into a cement paste derived from the concrete mixture using floats. A surface retarder is then applied to cover the concrete surface. Subsequently, any surface film is washed from the surface of the concrete and the concrete is cured. The result is a surface seeded particulate with an exposed surface that is flat and is suitable for high traffic areas. The resultant surface may resemble stone, granite or marble.

Abstract: A concrete structure for replenishing an aquifer and a method for constructing the same is provided. The structure is comprised of a pavement layer with surface drains that extend through the pavement layer and into an aggregate leach field. The leach field includes leach lines spanning the leach field. An aggregate drain extends from the leach field into a sand lens. Precipitation which falls upon the structure thus flows through the surface drain, absorbed into the aggregate leach field, and transported to the aggregate drains by way of aggregate leach lines. The water is then absorbed into the sand lens, ultimately replenishing the aquifer. Existing conventional pavement structures are retrofitted by the removal of a section of the pavement, and filling the same with porous concrete.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of repairing a crack in a paved surface. This method involves applying a watertight tape over a crack in a paved surface to cover the crack and form a first layer. The tape is applied with an adhesive. The first layer is contacted with a first liquid acrylic adhesive. The first layer is covered with a polyester fabric to form a second layer that adheres to the first layer. The polyester fabric is impregnated with a second liquid acrylic adhesive. A fiberglass sheet is adhered to at least a portion of the second layer and to the paved surface beyond edges of the second layer to form a transition layer over the edges. Also disclosed is a system for repairing a crack in a paved surface.

Abstract: The repair of pavement is performed by placing rigid waterproof asphalt fiber panels over the existing pavement before placing the asphalt concrete overlay on the pavement. The panels are cemented in place with liquid asphalt to the existing worn pavement and to the new asphalt concrete overlay; also the asphalt panels are similarly used in the construction of new pavement wherein the panels are placed between the two layers of the new asphalt concrete or between the asphalt concrete and the rock leveling course.

Abstract: The cover layer is applied as an asphalt cover layer (5, 5?, 5?) to avoid significant restrictions of the running traffic and for shortening the construction time. Also, this asphalt cover layer is arranged above the upper face (OK) of the runway or roadway in need of renewal and an asphalt base coarse layer (4, 4?, 4?, 4??, 4??, 4???) is disposed between the base layer (2, 2?) and the asphalt cover layer (5, 5?, 5?). A method subdivides the roadway or runway in the direction of travel into a primary lane (7) and at least one secondary lane (8, 9). First, the work subzones (10) to (14) of the primary lane (7) are processed and then the work effort is transferred to subzones (15) to (20) of the secondary lanes (8, 9) for processing. At least the frost-protective layer (1) remains in the earth and at least an asphalt base layer (4, 4?, 4?, 4??, 4??, 4???) and an asphalt cover layer (5, 5?, 5?) are applied thereon.

Abstract: A non-slick surface-seeded exposed aggregate concrete product and method of making the same enhances the coefficient of friction of an exposed surface thereof to reduce undesirable slipping and sliding. Implementations of the present invention are characterized by the use of fine sand and aggregate broadcast over the exposed surface, which surface has been prepared to receive the same. After curing, the exposed surface is then ground and acid-etched to define fissures, cracks, and/or sharp edges of the aggregate. Subsequently finishing steps are performed to produce the non-slick concrete product which may be used for high traffic pedestrian areas where foot gripping and traction are important, such as on stairs, ramps, walkways, courtyards, and the like.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for covering parts of a rail (1) for railway vehicles which are not in contact with the vehicle wheels, said method comprising applying a rubber jacket (6) on said parts and fixing said jacket to the rail, said jacket having outer lateral sides which extend along the rail, and for a predetermined load exerted by the vehicle on the rail, a distribution of said load between a first fraction exerted on the rail head (3) and a second fraction of said load exerted on the rail base (4) is determined, the geometry of each lateral side being configured to form a non-rectilinear profile allowing said distribution between said first and second fraction.

Abstract: A method for bonding together an existing substrate layer and a pavement layer, such that a strong adhesive bond is formed by using a tack coat, provided by an asphalt emulsion, in between the layers as the bond coat. The tack coat layer is a low-tracking coating which cures quickly such that the pavement layer may be applied to the substrate, hours to days after the emulsion is applied to the substrate. The asphalt emulsion comprises at least a first phase of from about 30% to about 70% of an asphalt composition, about 30% to about 70% water, and about 0.1% to about 3.0% emulsifying agent, stabilizer and/or additives, or 0.1% to about 30% if polymeric or other additives are also included.

Abstract: A flexible, porous and durable tree well skirt and a sidewalk structure are made of a cushion base of butadiene rubber and a wear layer of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). The butadiene rubber is mixed with an isocyanate polyurethane binder and spread on the ground around the tree to form the cushion base of the tree well skirt. The EPDM is mixed with an isocyanate polyurethane binder and spread over the cushion base to form the wear layer. The cushion base and wear layer structure used for a sidewalk is spread over a stabilized porous base.

Abstract: A method for recycling in place an asphalt mixture layer of a paved road continuously, while moving a self-propelled vehicle system, which comprises a step of heating and softening the asphalt mixture layer, a step of scraping and breaking said hot and softened asphalt mixture layer and keeping the softened mixture at a temperature sufficient not to form an aggregate, to prepare an asphalt mixture having a single-grained structure, a sieving step of classifying said asphalt mixture having a single-grained structure into a plurality of grain size groups, a step of designing mix proportions for converting said asphalt mixture to a recycled asphalt mixture by the use of said plurality of grain size groups classified, a step of mixing uniformly said recycled asphalt mixtures having designed mix proportions, and a step of spreading and compacting said recycled asphalt mixtures having been mixed uniformly, to thereby form a recycled asphalt mixtures layer.

Abstract: A method to form a multi-course paver from two independent pavers, namely a lower base paver (10) and an upper paver (11) saddled thereon using the piggyback principle. Both the base paver (10) and the upper paver (11) can be used as stand-alone pavers for producing single-layer road surfaces. Therefore, the invention does not require any costly add-on devices, which can be used only for multi-course paving, for paving the second course of the road surface.

Abstract: The vibration damping system, especially for use in the damping of vibrations e.g. from trains, tramcars, other traffic and damping of ground borne vibrations in general, comprises an anti-vibration plate in the form of a plate having a first and a second major surface. The anti-vibration plate comprises mineral fibers, a non-foamed polymeric material and/or a polymeric foam. The anti-vibration plate can further be provided with one or more hollow spaces, i.e. cavities. The anti-vibration plate is obtainable by a method comprising the step of subjecting an area of the opposite surface of the plate to a compression treatment in one or more steps, which compression treatment is sufficient to reduce the static and/or dynamic stiffness of the plate.

Abstract: A method and a surface seeded exposed aggregate concrete product are provided that precisely simulate the appearance and qualities of various types of natural quarried stone, such as granite, marble, rhinestone, bluestone, and brownstone, to name a few. Implementations of the present invention are characterized by the use of fine sand and aggregate broadcast over the exposed surface of poured concrete, which surface has been prepared to receive the same. Subsequently, a surface retarder and finishing steps are performed to produce the concrete product which assimilates the characteristics and colors of natural quarried stone, such as speckles, inclusions, flecks, graining, fractures, joints, knots, crystallization patterns, streaks, weathering, etc.

Abstract: An insertion device configured for connecting to a frame of a concrete paving machine. The insertion device including a housing, a guide tube extending from the housing, and an ejection device positioned in the housing and cooperating with the guide tube to individually eject dowels stored by the housing through the guide tube. According to one embodiment, the housing includes an alignment system for aligning the dowels in the housing in a predetermined orientation. In another embodiment, the housing has a parting feature that extends along a forward external side of the housing. In yet another embodiment, the guide tube includes a resilient element provided at an outlet portion that is arranged to seal the outlet portion of the guide tube.

Abstract: At least two paving screeds B1, B2 which are distant in operation running direction R are supported at a chassis 1 of a paver F. The paver F is designed for simultaneously casting several paving material layers L1, L2 on top of each other on a plane P. Each paving screed B1, B2 is provided with a compaction assembly. One paving screed B1 for casting a lower layer L1 is provided at a front end section of the chassis 1 and has the compaction assembly 13, 14 for generating a degree of compaction in the lower layer L1 which suffices to withstand the direct contact of the undercarriage 2. At least one further paving screed B2 for casting an upper layer L2 is arranged behind the undercarriage 2. According to the method to be carried out with the paver F the lower layer which is cast and compacted in front of the undercarriage allows to run the undercarriage 2 on the lower layer while the upper layer L2 is cast and compacted behind the undercarriage 2.

Abstract: A method of repairing a paved surface utilizes a nonwoven or woven fibrous mat made from fibers including polymer fibers, the polymer fibers having a melting point greater than about 320° F. (160° C.). The mat has a load-elongation behavior such that when the mat is subject to tensile stress, the mat achieves at least 90% of its ultimate load at an elongation not greater than 5% of the specimen length in the direction of applied stress. Another mat comprises a nonwoven or woven fibrous mat made from fibers selected from the group consisting of mineral fibers, polymer fibers, natural fibers, and mixtures thereof, and a rubbery binder. Another mat comprises a nonwoven or woven fibrous mat made from a blend of high melt polymer fibers having a melting point of at least 350° F. (177° C.) and low melt polymer fibers having a melting point of less than 350° F. (177° C.).

Abstract: A method for installing an aesthetically pleasing artificial turf that retards birds and other animals and a sub-surface that supports the weight of an aircraft, enhances water drainage and enables the accessibility of airport vehicles to all parts of a runway or taxiway is disclosed.

Abstract: An electromagnetic absorber formed of conductive fiber or the like, such as carbon fiber having an overall length corresponding to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves to be absorbed, is mixed into a base material to form an electromagnetic wave-absorbing pavement material. The electromagnetic wave-absorbing pavement material is used to form a pavement having an electromagnetic wave absorbing course. Further, an electromagnetic wave reflecting course is disposed under the electromagnetic wave absorbing course, and the electric length of the electromagnetic wave reflecting course is set to a predetermined value in relation to the dielectric constant so that electromagnetic waves reflecting off the surface of the electromagnetic wave absorbing course and electromagnetic waves reflecting off the electromagnetic wave reflecting course have opposite phases and thereby cancel each other out, whereby the electromagnetic waves are absorbed well.

Abstract: An elastic permeable pavement comprising waste-polyurethane chips for use on new roads and a paving method using the same. This pavement uses a binder specially developed to secure the binding between an upper polyurethane chip layer and a lower permeable concrete layer as well as the binding among the waste-polyurethane chips, resulting in excellent strength and durability, and uses recycled polyurethane chips to provide elasticity and permeability suitable for sports activities, walking, and outdoor exercises.

Abstract: An elastic drainage pavement comprising waste-polyurethane chips for use on existing roads and a paving method using the same, which uses a binder specially developed to secure the binding between an upper polyurethane-chip layer and a lower existing-pavement layer as well as the binding among the waste-polyurethane chips, resulting in excellent strength and durability, and uses recycled polyurethane chips to provide elasticity and permeability suitable for sports activities, walking, and outdoor exercises.

Abstract: In a method of reinforcing and waterproofing a paved surface, a layer of liquefied asphalt is applied on a paved surface. A reinforcement mat is then applied over the liquefied asphalt. The reinforcement mat includes a first layer comprising a nonwoven mat produced from fibers selected from the group consisting of mineral fibers, polymer fibers, and mixtures thereof. The reinforcement mat also includes a second layer of mineral fibers attached to the first layer. The liquefied asphalt penetrates and soaks the reinforcement mat to form a water barrier. A layer of paving material is then applied a over the reinforcement mat. The first layer and the second layer of the reinforcement mat are attached to each other by any one of sewing, knitting, needling, heat treating, and adhering with an adhesive, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surfacing structure for traffic areas and for surfaces of structures, which has a substructure located on the base of the surfacing and has a superstructure, which covers the latter and is comprised, at least in part, of concrete, sepecially asphaltic concrete. The substructure comprises at least one lattice work extending along the surfacing and having a number of strips, which intersect while forming a mesh, consist of high strength fiber billets with different tensile E-moduli, and which are interconnected with material fit or in a non-positive manner. A thermally removable covering can be applied to at least one surface of the lattice work.

Abstract: A paving method is provided that includes applying a thermoplastic material to a surface to be paved, covering the thermoplastic material with a layer of aggregate (precoated or otherwise), passing a heater above the aggregate and thermoplastic material, and at least partially embedding the aggregate in the thermoplastic material.

Abstract: According to the invention, the surface is dressed by synchronous spreading of binder and gravel on the pavement as follows: a) a first layer of hot bitumen (b1) having a temperature greater than 100° C. is spread on the pavement (S): b) a film of hot water (e) is spread on top of said first layer, c) a second layer of hot bitumen (b2) having a temperature greater than 100° C. is spread on top of said film of hot water; d) a layer of gravel c) is spread on top of all of the above. Pavement dressing.

Abstract: A cushion surface structure, such as for a tennis court, is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, the surface structure includes one or more elastomeric layers comprising elastomeric particles, such as ground tire rubber, applied to a base surface. The elastomeric layers may comprise either loose elastomeric particles, or a matrix of elastomeric particles and an adhesive binder. To fill the voids of the elastomeric layers and provide a smooth, flat playing surface, one or more fill layers of dry fill material, such as silica sand, may be formed over the elastomeric layers. A color-fill system may be applied over the top fill layer, and one or more layers of a color mix may be applied over the color-fill system.

Abstract: A paving stone system for producing aesthetically pleasing paving stones. The paving stone system includes positioning a tile member within a container, applying a bonding agent to the tile member and filling the container with concrete. The tile member is comprised of a flat portion having an upper surface and a lower surface, a first side wall extending from the lower surface and a second side wall extending from the lower surface. The first side wall and the second side wall are preferably curved inwardly toward one another to lock within the concrete. A unique pattern may be applied to the upper surface of the tile member providing an aesthetically pleasing appearance.

Abstract: Prior art supported, load bearing concrete panels having flexural reinforcing materials within the top and bottom halves, are over-designed, and experience increased deterioration and increased severity of cracks in the top surface due to flexural reinforcing materials which are located within the top half of the panel. It is now taught that, by removing flexural reinforcing materials which are intended to carry carrying bending moment tension stresses in the top half of panels (12), over supports (14), while maintaining such flexural reinforcing materials (20) confined to the lower half of the panel, does not reduce the flexural strength of the panel (12) below that which is required to support expected loads. Such panels (12), without flexural reinforcing materials in the top half, exhibit improved durability and reduced top surface (16) cracking, and can be produced with fewer production steps and with reductions in the cost of materials.

Abstract: Retroreflective pavement marking material comprising on the top surface thereof an enclosed-lens retroreflective sheet that comprises a monolayer of retroreflective elements wherein first portions of the monolayer are arranged in an upwardly contoured profile and second portions of the monolayer are arranged a lower, substantially planar position.

Abstract: A paving material for footways, possessing high strength and lightweight property. The paving material for footways, comprising an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is made of rubber chips (A1) and a synthetic resin (A2) for binding the rubber chips (A1), and the lower layer is made of a fiber-reinforced plastic (B).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for constructing a temporary automotive vehicle parking lot (10) on a land area (12) is provided. A composite drainage material (20) is provided through which water drains. The composite drainage material (20) comprises a polymeric open mesh core (22) between first and second layers (24 and 26) of a non-woven geo-textile fabric. The land area (12) is covered with the material (20) by placing rolls (28) of the material adjacent one another. The rolls (28) are unrolled over the land area (12) so that longitudinal edge portions (30 and 40) of adjacent rolls adjoin one another. A portion (34, 44) of the longitudinal edge portions (30 and 40) are overlapped and secured to each other, and not to the land area (12), to create a gapless and continuous surface (84) of the material (20), with the majority of the land area (12) lying underneath the material. The first layer (24) of each of the rolls (28) contacts the land area (12).

Abstract: A method of stabilizing the ground underlying roadways. Cement is mixed thoroughly with a microfill agent, and optionally a water reducing agent, to obtain a highly reactive and dry cement mixture. The dry cement mixture is blended with at least one of the materials soil, clay, or stone, and sufficient water so that after compaction the blend will have a compressive strength of at least 5 MPa after 28 days. The blend is spread on the ground to a thickness of at least 15 to 30 centimeters and a roadbed is laid over the blend after the blend has cured.

Abstract: Ecotechnical pavement comprising a draining and wearing course (1) and at least a second lower layer (2) of analogous structure. The particular granulometry of the layers (1, 2) and the choice of aggregates, insure both an optimum adherence and the absorption of medium and high acoustic frequencies produced by vehicle traffic. Between the two layers (1, 2) and the lower supporting layer (5) there is provided a “cooperating separation layer” (3) which transmits the forces produced by vehicle traffic to the supporting layer (5). The layer (3) acts as a Helmhotz resonator in order to absorb sound at low frequencies, besides allowing an easy transversal flow of rainwater, the passage of powder of heavy metals or the passage of other types of liquids; the latter, which may be dangerous or polluting, are collected in a lateral “reservoir pavement” (9). The separation layer prevents cracks due to fatigue from rising.

Abstract: A method of constructing a temporary vehicle parking lot (10) on a land area (12) comprises the steps of: providing a composite drainage material (20) through which water drains; and covering the land area (12) with the composite drainage material (20) so that the land area is underneath the composite drainage material. The composite drainage material (20) comprises a polymeric open mesh core (22) between first and second layers (24 and 26) of a non-woven geo-textile fabric. One (24) of the first and second layers contacts the land area (12). The other (26) of the first and second layers faces away from the land area (12) and provides a surface (50) on which vehicles may be parked. The composite drainage material (20) directs water which contacts the other layer (26) through the first and second layers (24 and 26), through the polymeric core (22) between the layers, and into the land area (12) covered by the composite drainage material (20).

Abstract: A geotextile structure for filtering liquid from soil includes a lower layer of geotextile material for contacting soil for filtration thereof. The lower layer presents in its thickness a number of constrictions n included between 15 and 40, and is made of synthetic filaments or fibers presenting a count D wherein D is measured in units of decitex. An upper layer of geotextile material provides mechanical protection of the lower layer. The upper layer presents in its thickness constrictions more open than the constrictions of the lower layer to avoid clogging of the lower layer. The upper layer is made of synthetic filaments or fibers presenting a count at least equal to 2D. The upper and lower layers are bonded to each other.

Abstract: An aggregate spreader for spreading a layer of loose aggregate onto a road surface includes a first hopper for receiving the loose aggregate, a plurality of gates or other suitable means associated with the first hopper for dispensing the loose aggregate onto the road surface, a plurality of sensors or other suitable means for sensing characteristics of the road surface, and an electronic controller or other means responsive to the sensors or sensing means and operably associated with the gates or dispensing means for controlling the placement of the layer of loose aggregate onto the road surface. In the preferred embodiment, each of the gates is independently controllable by an associated actuator, and the electronic controller is in electronic communication with the sensing means and in electronic communication with the plurality of actuators for controlling the placement of the layer of loose aggregate onto the road surface by independently controlling each gate of the plurality of gates.

Abstract: A roadway structure comprising from top to bottom:a top layer,at least one rigid foundation layer having a high modulus of rigidity and supporting the top layer,the ground, or an untreated material or a damaged roadway, andin addition particularly having an under layer beneath and adhered to the foundation layer, which under layer has a thickness such that it constitutes a support with a smooth and flat surface for the foundation layer laid thereon.

Abstract: A pavement composite material having elasticity and permeability can be obtained by accommodating a permeable concrete block after the solidification molding applied with an adhesive having a 50 to 100 centipoise viscosity on the surface to be bonded in a heat press mold, injecting a mixture of 50 to 90% by weight of rubber or plastic chips having a 1.0 to 10.0 mm particle size and 50 to 10% by weight of a thermosetting resin thereon, and a heat compression molding.

Abstract: A method of repairing cracks and apertures in a roadway, including the step of filling the crack or aperture with petroleum emulsion and overlapping the crack or aperture with the emulsion to preferably up to one inch or greater beyond the edge of the aperture on each side; applying a layer of an organic, cover blotter material and mounding said cover blotter material to cover substantially the entirety of said petroleum emulsion layer. The emulsion penetrates and softens the pavement surrounding the site. When the emulsion cures, it coagulates with the cover blotter material. The roadway is reopened to allow traffic to pass over the site to further compact and smooth out the roadway repaired surface to eventually form a pliable smooth patch.

Abstract: A surface seeded exposed particulate concrete method of use includes use of small particulates, the particulates not necessarily chemically inert in the concrete mixture. The particulates are broadcast over the upper surface of the concrete, and mixed into the cement paste derived from the concrete matrix by floats and finished by hand sponging. A surface retarder and vapor barrier are applied, and washing and curing operations follow. The present invention adds a chemical treatment of hydrolyzed alkali silica solution, preferably lithium quartz, penetrating the upper surface of the concrete mixture with minerals and silicates within the concrete mix. The resultant exposed particulate concrete has extreme flatness and high wear resistance suitable for high-traffic flooring applications, aesthetics resembling terrazzo or ceramic tile at a fraction of the price, and the strength and resistance to corrosion expected of concrete surfaces.

Abstract: Top layers of asphalt surfacing are laid in hot laying method in one work cycle. A first layer of a first asphalt production type hot is placed on a surface to be covered. Simultaneously with the first layer is placed a second layer of a second asphalt production type different from the first production type hot on top of the first layer. Owing to the simultaneous laying of two different and hot on hot asphalt layers from delivered mixture from an asphalt plant, thermal potential is increased and cooling delayed, therefore a considerable improvement in properties of theses two asphalt layers is achieved.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a roadway for supporting vehicular traffic and which can be used over a wide variety of terrains comprises a network of interconnected modular components for supporting a road bed over which vehicles can travel and a plurality of prefabricated panels, overlaying the network of interconnected modular components, which form a road bed. The network of interconnected modular components includes a first layer of interconnected, prefabricated concrete cylinders placed over the terrain to be traversed. The concrete cylinders are formed into a number of rows whose longitudinal axes are parallel to the direction of the road. The network further includes a second layer of interconnected, prefabricated concrete cylinders placed over the first layer and joined to the first layer by a number of intermediate support devices. The concrete cylinders in the second layer have their longitudinal axes extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the road.

Abstract: The present method of constructing block pavement, which solves conventional problems, is applicable not only to landscape pavement of a sidewalk or an open space, but also to an ordinary roadway having heavy traffic of large vehicles, and makes available block pavement provided with a beautiful appearance and an excellent durability.

Abstract: A method of installing a patch in a pothole in a paved road including the steps of (1) undercutting the edges of the pavement defining the pothole to a uniform angle from the vertical; (2) excavating a portion of substratum beneath the pavement to undercut the pavement around the pothole, both undercuttings to increase the size of the patch's footing; (3) lining the undercut with a layer of filler material and tamping; (4) inserting an underlining wire mesh fitted to reach into the undercut beneath the pavement; (5) inserting and tamping additional filler material to an intermediate level of the pothole; (6) inserting a second wire mesh preferably fitted to the periphery of the pothole at the intermediate level; (7) around the periphery of the pothole spacing and anchoring a plurality support dowels into the undercut pavement edges at about the intermediate level; and (8) filling and tamping the pothole level with existing pavement surface.

Abstract: Retroreflective article (10), e.g., in the form of a pavement marking, having raised, nonintegral protuberances (16) that exhibit good dry retroreflectivity and recover retroreflectivity quickly after exposure to water. The protuberances may comprise a thermoplastic polymer body and have at least two different portions. Partially embedded in the protuberances are different sets of optical elements (14) which are in optical association with a light scattering agent. The protuberances are disposed on top of a conformable base sheet (12).

Abstract: The reinforcing method of the invention comprises the steps of removing asphalt from a concrete slab 2 of a road bridge, placing a reinforcing fiber sheet 20 onto the upper surface of the slab, preparing a fiber-reinforced composite material by impregnation with a resin 13 and causing the resin to set, coating an adhesive 22 onto a reinforcing material 21 comprising the foregoing composite material, sprinkling sand 23 thereover to form irregularities of sand 23 on the upper surface of the reinforcing material 21, hardening the adhesive 22, then coating a solvent-based asphalt primer 24 onto the sand 23, and placing asphalt 7 again, thereby completing the reinforcing operation.

Abstract: An excavated opening (10) through a pavement (12) of a highway and through the underlying base material (14) to expose a gas main (16) is filled by (i) mixing on site cement, foaming agent and water to produce a fluid grout (26), (ii) mixing the grout with loose excavated spoil (22) in the opening, (iii) agitating the mixture using a hand-held poker vibrator (30), (iv) and repeating this procedure until the level (40) is reached. The level (40) corresponds to the underside of a protective layer (50) which is subsequently applied. The majority of the excavated loose spoil from the opening is reused.