Abstract: A method of manufacturing Construction and Demolition ("C&D") disposal debris into a substitute/alternative daily/initial cover product approved by an environmental regulatory authority for use at a solid waste disposal landfill, wherein the C&D disposal debris, before processing/manufacturing, is considered a raw material/feed stock composed of a commingled inseparable mixture of solid waste components/items which are classified based on their origin as C&D disposal debris. These components are mechanically processed by screening or shredding to a predetermined specification particle size to collectively create/form a "C&D Recovered Screen Material" ("RSM") product. This C&D-RSM product is applied as daily/initial cover material covering compacted and leveled Municipal Solid Waste ("MSW") substituting the normally used sand, dirt or earthen materials at permitted/licensed MSW disposal landfills operating with a landfill leachate containment system or other approved site location.

Abstract: A method of repairing asphalt or concrete surfaces such as roads and parking lots which have developed pot holes therein. The hole is cleaned of loose debris, lined with a water barrier sheet, provided with a reinforcing mesh, and filled with hot asphalt mix. The asphalt mix is compacted by a roller which has been chilled by exposure to a cryogenic substance, such as liquid nitrogen. Alternatively, the cryogenic substance directly contacts the asphalt mix. Preferably, the reinforcing mesh is further reinforced by flattened rods woven through the mesh or alternatively, laid thereon, with the rods oriented at angles of approximately forty-five degrees to linear structural members of the mesh. The water barrier, reinforcing mesh, and reinforcing rods are preferably formed from recycled plastic materials.

Abstract: A tactile warning surface has an array of tactile elements made of a composite material formed on the surface of an existing substrate. The preferred composite material is a mixture of a dry powder aggregate and a liquid SBR latex. The tactile elements are in the form of truncated cones or flattened domes having a height of about 0.20 inch and a diameter of about 1.0 inch. A method for installing the tactile warning surface includes the steps of placing a mold sheet having an array of mold apertures with shapes corresponding to the tactile elements over the substrate area, injecting the composite material in a semi-liquid state under pressure into the apertures of the mold sheet, allowing the injected composite material to cure and harden, then removing the mold sheet. For increased durability in traffic-bearing applications, a pigment/aggregate mixture can be applied as a coating over the tactile elements and substrate area.

Abstract: A highway pavement has a multi-layer structure (20) interposed between the subbase (24) and the subgrade (22). The multi-layer structure is also suitable for use in railway pavements. The multi-layer structure (20) comprises upper and lower flexible sheet materials (14; 10) and an intermediate load-spreading layer formed of a multiplicity of load-spreading elements (12) held together in the desired preset relationship so that gaps are provided between adjacent elements (12) for passage of water. The upper flexible sheet material (14) is water permeable. The lower flexible sheet material (10) is either (a) substantially water impermeable but provided with perforations (16) or slits therethrough at locations which open into the gaps between the load-spreading elements (12), or (b) water vapour permeable but substantially impermeable to liquid water, or (c) substantially impermeable to liquid water and water vapour. In some embodiments the upper sheet material (14) may be omitted.

Abstract: Described is a paving method of fine water-permeable concrete which can be used for roadways, sidewalks, bikeways, parking lots, public squares, etc. A base layer of water-permeable concrete is paved by spreading and pounding a sand filter layer and a rubble base layer on the consolidated ground to have porosity after pounding of 10-20% and a coefficient of water permeability of more than 10.times.10.sup.-2 cm/sec. A mixture of crushed waste glass, fine rubble, 250-500 kg/m.sup.3 of cement, water at a water-cement ratio of 25-40%, and a polymer in an amount of 10-50% of the weight of cement used based on 50% solid material is spread on the base layer and pounded. The concrete is aged for more than one day, a mixture of a polymer and water was sprayed on the base layer to be absorbed, after which aging is done to complete the construction.

Abstract: A method for protecting reflective delineator stripes includes the use of spacer beads disposed along the stripe to protect reflective beads disposed thereon. The spacer beads are of a greater diameter than the reflective beads so that snowplow blades and the like will contact the spacer beads but not the reflective beads. As the snowplow blades impact the spacer beads, the snowplow blades travel along the top of the spacer beads, thereby avoiding contact with the reflective beads.

Abstract: A process and a machine for forming a bonding layer for bonding a bituminous coated material layer on a support. The process includes application of a surface-active agent on the support, application of a bituminous emulsion on the surface-active agent on the support, and application of a breaking agent on the bituminous emulsion to form the bonding layer. A road-type coating made by the process and, therefore, including such a support layer, a bonding layer on the support, and a bituminous coated materials layer on the bonding layer. To perform the process, a machine includes a frame, a displacement mechanism on the frame, a bituminous-emulsion spreader on the frame, a surface-active agent applicator on the frame, and a breaking agent applicator on the frame.

Abstract: A method for rejuvenating asphalt pavement includes milling and collecting a select thickness of asphalt pavement of a portion of an existing roadbed. A shale oil modified asphalt comprising between 5-25% shale oil modifier and 75-95% asphalt cement is provided. An aggregate comprising about 60-70% virgin aggregate and about 30-40% of the milled and collected asphalt is combined with the shale oil modified asphalt and then applied to a roadbed.

Abstract: A method of repairing potholes and oil spots in pavement surfaces including removing the deteriorated asphalt, applying a degreaser to the interior of the void, then applying a sealer, filling the void with fiber reinforced concrete which is allowed to set and overlying the fiber reinforced concrete with a polymer fortified cement and applying a waterproof sealer over the entire repair area to create a waterproof sealed patch to the pavement.

Abstract: A roadway for use on permafrost terrain is described together with methods of construction, the roadway generally including a porous embankment and a pavement structure disposed on the top of the embankment. The embankment has a desired vertical separation between the bottom and the top of the embankment and comprises material of sufficient permeability to allow buoyancy-driven pore air convection to occur within the embankment when an unstable density stratification exists therein. This unstable density stratification occurs in the winter months when a temperature differential between the top of the embankment and the ground adjacent the bottom of the embankment exists, whereby the roadway promotes natural convection within the porous embankment which enhances heat removal from the embankment and underlying ground to preserve the permafrost layer throughout the year.

Abstract: An element suitable for building permanent tennis courts and repairing existing clay courts, comprising a structured textile support forming an open-structured mat and consisting of rot-proof synthetic fibres, which is filled with a first layer essentially consisting of sand with a particle size suitable for drainage, and a second surface layer consisting of ground brick with a smaller particle size than the underlying layer.

Abstract: An improved roadway patching system and method is provided for repairing potholes (12) or other damaged roadway areas. The patching system of the invention includes a lower asphaltic liner (18) which is adapted for placement within a pothole (12) or the like in closely conforming and adhering relationship with the inner contour (14) thereof in order to present a substantially water-impervious barrier. A fill (34) is then placed within the pothole (12) atop the liner (18). The patch is completed by provision of an asphaltic, water-impervious, substantially non-stretch top mat (20) which is applied over the fill (34) and engaging and adhering to the liner (18) and adjacent portions (16) of the roadway (10).

Abstract: This invention is an aggregate extruder for the deposition of a multi-layered aggregate bed having layers of differing aggregate material. The extruder is divided into three sections transversely disposed over a defined surface, each of the sections contains a different aggregate material. A front grading baffle is mounted behind a front panel extending intermediate side panels forming the front dispensing section. A second grading baffle is mounted between the first and rear grading baffles forming the middle dispensing section, behind the front dispensing section, and a rear dispensing section. The extruder is self-propelled by a hydraulically operated ram mounted to each side panel. A panel is mounted to the rear of each side panel of the hopper and extends rearward thereof to define channel within which aggregate is maintained as the hopper moves along the surface. When the ram is activated it extends rearward for engagement with a form, and pushes the extruder along the defined surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method of immediately repairing multiple backfilled utility cut trenches, potholes, and other discontinuities in asphalt pavement, at any ambient temperature, in which the pavement discontinuity is bridged by layers of heated virgin bituminous concrete of different grades, each layer including aggregate stone mixed with a liquid asphalt binder. Alternatively, substantially non-polymerized thermoplastic bituminous concretes of different grades may be used to form the bridging layers, each layer including aggregate stone mixed with a liquid asphalt binder and preferably also containing fractions of n-pentane soluble asphalts and being repetitively softenable in response to repetitive applications of infrared radiation. Also provided is a self-contained mobile unit for heating, storage, and delivery of required asphaltic material comprising two asphalt reclamation units.

Abstract: A method of laying a road characterized by spraying and impregnating a roadbed with 1 g/m.sup.2 to 500 g/m.sup.2 of a liquid water-repellent agent and then laying a road on said roadbed wherein said liquid water repellent agent is fluid at ordinary temperatures and contains as the main ingredients one or more compounds chosen from among silane-type compounds and organopolysiloxane derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stress absorbing composite for road repair that comprises a low stiffness geotextile, a viscoelastic material disposed over the low stiffness geotextile, and a high stiffness geotextile disposed over the viscoelastic material. Also provided is a method for retarding reflective cracking in an overlay using a stress absorbing composite and a repaired road containing a stress absorbing composite.

Abstract: A roadway surface for private driveways, rural roads and farm lanes or other light traffic surfaces is made from recycled asphalt roofing shingles in pieces, preferably elongated strips, that overlie one another to form a cushioning mat. The roadway surface has a base layer of crushed aggregate such as paving stone, gravel or dirt, over which is a middle layer of shredded or particulated asphalt roofing shingle waste materials, such as reclaimed used asphalt roofing shingles and optionally new shingle tabs or other shingle production waste. The binding characteristics of the shingle pieces can be enhanced by adding a petroleum distillate such as asphalt, bitumen, paraffin, or tar. A top dressing layer of crushed aggregate such as paving stone or gravel protects and isolates the cushioning mat of shingle pieces. Each layer can be applied using conventional roadway grading equipment, preferably in layers of about one to two inches thick.

Abstract: A process for paving a surface of a sub-base with compactable asphaltic concrete comprising aggregates and an asphaltic cement to provide a finished asphaltic pavement having dormant zones of potential fracture at predetermined locations. The process comprises the steps of forming a continuous mat of compactable asphaltic paving concrete having a predetermined thickness on the surface of a sub-base; creating dormant zones of potential fracture at predetermined locations in the mat prior to compacting the compactable asphaltic paving concrete; and compacting the mat of compactable asphalt concrete to seal the dormant zones and provide a finished asphaltic pavement of predetermined density having a smooth traffic bearing top surface with the sealed dormant zones of potential fracture substantially concealed therein.The invention also includes the finished asphaltic pavement produced by the process of forming a mat of compactable asphaltic paving concrete on the sub-base surface.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for repairing pavement quickly, durably, and at low cost which may employ the use of recycled plastic material. The method includes the steps of: lining the hole to be repaired with a cross-laminated plastic vapor barrier, placing a plastic mesh and one or more plastic pencil rods in the hole, optionally supporting the pencil rods with plastic pencil rod supports, and filling the hole with patch material such as asphalt or concrete. The method is useful in the repair or repaving of pot holes, utility crossings and channels, sink holes, wash out damage, edge collapse, intersection grid repair, and similar conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to asphalt concrete paving systems and how they are structured. For more than the last sixty years, such systems have been one integrated structure consisting of (1) one or more "lower supporting courses" and (2) one or more "surface wearing courses". Such systems are integrated structures and, therefore, cracking starting from either the top or bottom will proceed through the entire structure. This invention provides a third type of course, a "separation course" between the "lower supporting courses" and the "surface wearing courses". The "separation course" prevents bonding of the "lower supporting courses" to the "surface wearing courses". This "separation course" is a barrier to stop the cracking at this point. It is also waterproof and will stop water from getting into the "lower support courses" and causing them to fail. The concept of a "separation course" is applicable to both roadways and running tracks.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and structure for quickly assembling road foundation and support of this invention, comprising the following steps (1) first, selecting positions spaced from each other at an appropriate distance for placing the foundation along a road above which an elevated road will be constructed; then digging a groove having appropriate size in the ground surface of each selected position for horizontally placing the foundation and the road asphalt; (2) digging a recess having appropriate dimensions along the periphery of said groove for placing a horizontal supporting frame, and spraying the asphalt adhesive on the recess; (3) mounting the horizontal supporting frame on the recess, and filling the space above a horizontal flange extending outward along the the periphery of the bottom of the horizontal supporting frame with asphalt such that the top surface of the filled asphalt is flush with the top of the horizontal supporting frame; (4) then fully spraying the adhesive on the combina

Abstract: A method for building a road bed by providing a plurality of vaulted structures located at a road bed site. A first layer of concrete is applied on the structures for reinforcing the structures. The structures can be comprised of a profiled steel plate or a sheet metal mesh. They may have reinforcement braces comprised of troughs or corrugations provided on an outer surface of the structures which receive the first layer of concrete. The first layer of concrete is allowed to set before a second layer of concrete is applied to the structures and to the first layer to form a concrete casing.

Abstract: Automated system for pothole repair including apparatus mounted upon a vehicle for detecting the presence of a pothole and alerting and/or slowing and/or halting the vehicle responsive to such detection. Sensors measure the size of the pothole and/or monitor the filling of the pothole to automatically terminate the filling operation when completed. The sensor outputs are used to determine either level of repair material or volume thereof. The sensors and dispenser (or dispensers) are automatically moved to the desired locations. The filled cavity may be compacted and/or cured. Filler material may be selectively delivered from one or more than one dispensing nozzle.

Abstract: A structural material is disclosed which comprises pieces of shredded rubber bound together using a bituminous binder with the size of the pieces of rubber being big enough for an interconnected void volume to be provided within the structural material in the range of 10 to 50% with the weight of rubber being substantially greater than the weight of binder material. The invention also relates to a roadside drain in which such structural material has been applied as an upper layer above a layer of drainage material such as 30 mm aggregate leading down to a porous drainage pipe.

Abstract: A method of increasing the available capacity of an active above ground and/or incised landfill is disclosed that involves dynamically compacting successive layers of deposited refuse. This method increases the available volume of the landfill up to about 20 percent without damaging the liner system that protects the surrounding soil base and ground water.

Abstract: A method of crack repair for building and paving material which lowers an existing surface (S) to a new working surface (W) which is low enough to effect repairs without changing the elevation or attitude of the original surface: which fills the crack (C) with grout (1) which is in turn sealed by a bridging material (2). An initial overlay material (3) is placed over the bridging material and a reinforcing strip (4) embedded in the overlay material followed by a second layer of overlay material (5) sufficient to return the repaired area to the elevation and attitude of the original surface.

Abstract: The method of treating a waste liquid or solid hydrocarbon to reduce risk of environmental contamination by the waste hydrocarbon, that includes forming a flowable cementitious paste of Portland cement and additives; introducing the hydrocarbon into the mix and distributing the hydrocarbon therein; forming the mix into a shape for curing, and allowing the formed mix to cure so as to encapsulate the hydrocarbon in the cured concrete mix.

Abstract: A method of applying a bound particulate rubber outdoor surface comprises the initial step of providing a prepared base onto which the surface is to be applied. A primer layer is applied to the base, and is composed of a mixture including water such that the layer is wet when applied and dries as the water in the mixture evaporates. A fluidized stream of particulate rubber is directed onto the primer layer before the primer layer dries so that a layer of particulate rubber is formed on top of the primer layer and settles at least partially in the primer layer. Thereafter, the primer layer is allowed to dry before application of a binder layer over the particulate rubber. The binder layer also is composed of a mixture including water. A fluidized stream of particulate rubber is then directed onto the wet binder layer so that a layer of particulate rubber is formed ont op of and settles in the binder layer.

Abstract: To form a paved surface, a laminate is used which has on the bottom a geotextile fabric with the mesh structure on the top. The fabric is adhered to the road base by spraying or spreading a bituminous liquid onto the base and laying on the laminate and applying further adhesive to the top of the laminate; asphalt is then placed and rolled. The laminate is formed of a square or rectangular mesh structure which has oriented stands connected at junctions which are thicker than the strands and have low-orientated or unorientated nodules. On one side the surface of the nodules are melted and the fabric is pressed into the nodules so that the plastics material of the nodules envelopes some of the fibres or filaments of the fabric to form a mechanical bond. In this way, the oriented strands stand proud of the fabric, to enable the asphalt aggregate to penetrate into the meshes and interlock with the strands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multicourse surfacing for pavements, in particular for pavements whose base courses are cracking, and to a method for the production of this surfacing. The surfacing according to the invention, comprising an asphaltic membrane applied to the base course of the pavement and a waring course or binder course, comprises, between the asphaltic membrane and the wearing course or binder course, at least one layer of cold mix. The method comprises applying successively to the base course of the pavement, optionally covered with a primer layer:a layer of asphaltic binder,by cold spreading, a layer of a composition containing an asphaltic binder and a granular material,a wearing course or binder course. These surfacings are particularly effective for slowing the ascent into the wearing course of cracks forming in the base course of the pavement.

Abstract: A storage system for solid waste material has a sloped storage basin with a subgrade covered by a 3-layer liner comprising top and bottom liquid impermeable layers separated by a drainage layer. The top layer drains into a leachate collection site and the drainage layer drains into a secondary collection site for detection of leakage through the top layer. A cap covers solid waste material stored on the liner. The top and bottom layers of the liner, and an upper layer of the cap are preferably dense-graded asphalt cement, and the drainage layer of the liner is preferably open-graded asphalt cement.

Abstract: Prior art supported, load bearing concrete panels having flexural reinforcing materials within the top and bottom halves, are over-designed, and experience increased deterioration and increased severity of cracks in the top surface due to flexural reinforcing materials which are located within the tip half of the panel. It is now taught that existing deteriorated concrete panels can be reconstructed by removing the upper concrete containing the upper layer of flexural reinforcing means for carrying bending moment tension stressed in the top half of panels (12), over interior supports (14), while maintaining such flexural reinforcing means (20) confined to the lower half of the panel, has sufficient flexural strength of the panel (12) to support expected loads. Such panels (12), will exhibit improved durability and reduced tip surface (16) cracking. Preferred techniques for controlling top half cracking from temperature and shrinkage of the panel are set forth.

Abstract: In order to determine traffic density it is known to embed copper wires as induction loops in grooves. The copper wires, which are protected by means of corresponding sheathings, are then covered with a silica sand layer and usually secured against floating by wood wedges. The grooves, which are cut into the road surface, are grouted with hot asphalt. Moreover, it is known to place copper layers on the road surfaces and to seal them with plastics material. But difficulties arise, particularly in the area of joints, since the latter cannot easily be bridged. The invention first provides for the arrangement of a carrier layer (13) on the road surface (11), the subsequent spraying on of the conductor layer (15), and then the sealing of the conductor layer (15) with a protective covering (14) consisting of a plastics material corresponding to the material of the carrier layer (13).

Abstract: A pavement structure includes a skeleton concrete formed by evenly spreading a mixture containing as principal components not less than 30% by volume of coarse aggregate, 2% to 20% by volume of cement and 3% to 20% by volume of water, the skeleton concrete including voids which are filled with a fluid material containing a thermosetting resin as a principal component.

Abstract: A pavement having one or more surface layers overlaying one or move base layers disposed on a subgrade with a rigid base layer interposed therebetween. The base layers are composed of paving material. The surface layers are composed of flexible paving material. The bearing member separates the surface layers from the base layers and has about the same longitudinal and transverse dimensions as the surface layers. The bearing member is composed of a substantially aggregate-free or aggregate free material. The bearing member is sufficiently rigid to at least generally prevent any surface layers from conforming, during the useful life of the base layers, to irregularities of the base layers and to move with the surface layers as a unit in response to movement of the base layers.

Abstract: A water-draining stable mat is described, made up of tires of portions of tires. The roadway mat has several layers that are borne upon and conform to a substrate of peat, dirt, sand, clay or other soil material. One layer of a roadway mat of the invention is a layer of vehicle tires or toroidal elements of vehicle tires, laying side by side. Each tire touches at least two other tires but no more than four other tires. Contiguous tires are bound together using a toggle strap that straddles the side walls of contiguous tires. Another layer of the roadway mat is made up of cut pieces of vehicle tires called "chips". The layer of chips are applied so that the chips are in overlapping relationship to each other and so that the chips lie generally parallel to the substrate. The tire chips form water seepage channels thus allowing excess water to soak into the substrate. Another layer is a layer of topping. The topping comprises sand, gravel, dirt and/or other material commonly used in road building.

Abstract: The protection of roadway surface dressings against the initiation and the propagation of cracks is accomplished by interposition between the base layer and the surfacing layer of a binding layer consisting of a nonwoven geotextile interface impregnated with modified bituminous binders. The textile interface is a nonwoven fabric composed of continuous synthetic filaments of flat cross-section (width-to-thickness ratio of between 10/1 and 5/1), and are resistant to the temperatures of application of bitumen or of bituminous materials, have a low void index, are resistant to aromatic and aliphatic solvents, have a low compressibility, are deformable in the plane of laying and have a surface density preferably of between 100 grams and 300 grams per square meter. The modified bitumen is preferably based on styrene/butadiene/styrene copolymer and has characteristics such as: penetration 180/220, ring and ball 74.degree. C., penetration index 1.

Abstract: A cushioned track surface for sporting events comprises superposed courses of materials. The track surface comprises courses of: (a) an underlying course of particulate material, (b) an intermediate course of fibrous material, (c) a binding course of shredded paper and (d) a wear surface course of additional fibrous material. The binding course serves a function of holding together the intermediate and wear surface course of fibrous material so as to prolong the durability of the track surface while at the same time providing good drainage and good footing.

Abstract: A method for repairing an opening formed in and below a section of pavement, comprising the steps of partially filling the opening with an unshrinkable filler material such that an upper surface of the filler material is near a lower surface of the section of pavement, heating an upper portion of the filler material so that the upper portion is substantially dried and becomes set, and substantially immediately thereafter making a permanent patch in the pavement section above the dried filler material.

Abstract: A vertical drainage element is constructed and laid in position while at the same time forming a narrow vertical channel in the ground by means of an excavating machine or trencher by performing the following successive operations:a strip of filtering material is unwound from a rotating roll of strip behind the trencher;the strip is introdued within the channel formed in the ground while being shaped in the form of a trough, the bottom of the trough being placed at the bottom of the channel while the side walls of the trough are placed against the channel walls;the top edges of the trough are held in position one against the other while filling the trough with bulk material in granular form which subsequently constitutes a vertical filtration block;the top edges of the trough of filtering material are closed on top of the completed block and are fastened together so as to form a closed jacket around the block.

Abstract: The invention here disclosed comprises a method and apparatus for rejuvenating an asphalt roadway surface resulting in up to approximately three inches of new repaved roadway surface produced at speeds of up to approximately twenty-two feet per minute. The method includes the steps of heating a top layer of roadway, scarifying that heated layer, adding a recycling agent and thoroughly mixing and screeding the road surface to form a recycled material, adding new asphalt mix to the recycled material and milling the combination to form a mixed material and leaving a sub-layer plane in the roadbed. The mixed material is next conveyed away to a paving station located at the end of the process. During this conveying, the sub-layer left by the milling cut is heated, scarified, treated and worked in a manner similar to the treatment performed on the top layer of road surface.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete wall, such as a road barrier or barricade, has a monolithic surface ornamentation thereon constituted by pigmented cements and grooves simulating mortar joints. In the horizontally oriented top portions of the wall where the pigmented cements are substantially thicker than the layers of pigmented cements monolithically joined to the vertical oriented portions of the wall so that these portions, which are subject to chipping and the like during handling and use will retain their aesthetically pleasing appearance. In the molding process, ribs on the mold surface which will form the grooves have a retardant applied thereto so that the cement forming the mortar joint will set at a slower rate than the rest of the body of the concrete wall and when removed from the mold can be brushed. When the wall is in the form of a road barrier, the ends are provided with a conical projection and a conical recess, respectively, to provide coupling between adjacent wall units.

Abstract: Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers having a melt index of 700-10,000 and a vinyl acetate content of from 1-40% by weight (based on the copolymer) are used as components of bitumenous binder compositions for the surface dressing of roads to improve the temperature range of their operability, the particular EVA's are also found to have good compatibility with the types of bitumen used.

Abstract: In civil engineering and construction engineering, surfaces are coated with a novel composition essentially consisting of a mixture made of (a) a principal ingredient including cement, silica sand, iron oxide, zinc oxide and glycine and (b) a composite polymer emulsion including carboxy-modified styrene-butadiene, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and styrene polymers, wherein the mixing ratio of said mixture is 2-6:1.

Abstract: An asphalt pavement structural section includes a plurality of material layers arranged to act as an integral mechanical beam. The layers are arranged into a preselected sequence from subgrade to an upper surface course with the layer having the greatest tensile strength positioned adjacent the subgrade.

Abstract: A reinforcing semi-rigid, resin impregnated continuous filament fiberglass grid is incorporated into a paved road or surface to provide increased strength and resistance to cracking.

Abstract: A pavement tile includes a section of reinforcing geotextile fabric coated on a top side with asphalt adhesive and a layer of asphalt aggregate mix or "hot mix" over the adhesive. The asphalt aggregate mix is compacted to a desired thickness and degree of compaction. Asphalt is applied over a bottom side of the fabric, and a peelable backing applied over the asphalt. For repair of deteriorated pavement, the protective backing is simply peeled off, and the pavement tile applied over the deteriorated spot of wear course. New paved surface or large repairs can be made by simply adjoining tiles. The tiles are preferably made in batches. A large sheet is spread with the layers of asphalt adhesive and asphalt aggregate mix, and compacted. The large sheet is cut into tiles, and the asphalt and backing applied to individual tiles. The tiles are stacked in batches of six on a convenient crate with handles.

Abstract: A procedure for providing an overlay on a concrete slab or similar subsurface including the steps of placing a plurality of anchor holes into the concrete slab to be repaired and/or providing an anchor channel at its periphery, providing a bed of fibers on the exposed surface of said concrete slab and extending into and filling said anchor holes and/or channel, infiltrating a flowable cement slurry throughout the fibers and into the anchor holes and/or anchor channel, and curing the slurry to form an overlay which has integral fiber-reinforced anchor portions extending into the slab.

Abstract: This invention regards a method for assuring high retro-reflecting capability and long service life for horizontally-installed roadway-marking strips. The same method also provides for making marking strips that are already installed visible in rainy weather. This invention also concerns the relative equipment for applying the method.

Abstract: A microwave energy reflecting zone (12, 12a, 12b) is provided below the surface of a pavement (11, 11', 11a, 11b) at a depth that is less than the maximum depth that such energy can penetrate into paving materials. The reflective zone, which is formed of electrically conductive material (16, 16a to 16h), results in energy and cost savings in subsequent paving or pavement repair operations that involve microwave heating of thermoplastic pavement and in which it is not necessary to heat down to the full depth to which such energy can penetrate paving materials. The heating is concentrated or localized within a predetermined upper portion of the pavement. The energy concentrating pavement may, for example, be more economically resurfaced when that becomes necessary by microwave heating followed by remixing and recompaction of the heated upper portion of the pavement material.