Abstract: The invention provides a pile construction method which allows repeated formation of a supplemental base concrete body at the bottom of a cast-in-place pile, wherein before a previously introduced cement mortar consolidates at the bottom of the pile, a soil stabilizing liquid agent is injected through an injection tube which extends to the bottom of a pile so as to penetrate into the earth surrounding the bottom of the pile. After the cement mortar consolidates, the flow passages of the soil stabilizing agent become permanent passages in the pile base for a next injection of cement mortar.

Abstract: Apparatus for shoring a structure such as a foundation, comprising a support bracket engageable with the foundation, a pile adapted to be driven down into the ground adjacent the bracket, and at least one footing structure on the outside of the pile extending circumferentially of the pile in a plane generally at right angles to the central longitudinal axis of the pile. The footing structure has an outer diameter greater than the outer diameter of the pile for engagement with the soil as the pile is driven down thereby to increase the load-bearing capacity of the pile. A mechanism is provided for securing the pile to the bracket after the pile and the footing structure thereon have been driven to a depth sufficient to shore the foundation. A shoring method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A pre-measured amount of dry mix cement that is enclosed in water soluble material and shaped with a water reservoir is placed in a ground hole sized to the form it is receiving. It is in conical or cylindrical form with a center square or round hole receiving a square or round post or pole and is placed in the ground and the post or pole is inserted in the center hole. The water reservoir is of such volume that when it is filled the proper amount of water is provided for the amount of dry mix cement in the form. Then with dissolving of the water soluble material the cement and water may be mixed and stirred in place around the post or pole manually with a mixing rod. With drilling through a floor and into earth beneath the floor a similar product is used with the dry mix cement encased in water soluble material and shaped with a water reservoir. The form is placed in the hole and the reservoir is filled with water and then mixed with dissolving of the water soluble material.

Abstract: The invention relates to civil engineering works.In particular, it relates to a device suitable for forming a primary column of stabilized and compacted soil, which comprises at least two parallel shafts driving in opposite directions, two parallel augers with opposite pitch, each auger being provided at the opposite end to the drive shaft with a loosening drillhead and the distance between the axes of the augers being less than the diameter of an auger, the shafts and the shanks of the augers comprising a bore connected to a source of material to be added, and at least one orifice which communicates with the said bore being provided on the shank of each auger so as to discharge the material to be added and allow it to be mixed with the loosened soil.Applicable in particular for the compaction of railroad territory.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming solidification structures in the underground (G) in which an insertion tube assembly (A) having a bit (12), an ultrasonic sensor (15) at the leading end thereof and an external nozzle direction monitoring device is inserted into the underground. While being rotated alternately in one and the other directions to dig a cavity in the ground, filling liquid is spouted into the cavity in the underground. The filling liquid is sucked upwardly through the insertion tube assembly together with the soil displaced by the digging of the cavity onto the ground where the liquid is separated from the soil. The filling liquid is recycled to the cavity to protect the wall of the cavity against collapsing. The filling liquid-soil suction and liquid recycling procedure is repeated until the cavity is dug to a predetermined depth. The direction of the jet nozzle (3) in the insertion tube assembly (A) at the predetermined depth of the cavity is monitored.

Abstract: To lower ground water in the region of foundation bodies, such as foundation piles and the like, a water-pervious layer of filtering concrete, in particular of uniform-grained concrete, is arranged below an upper water-impervious part which is made of standard concrete. From this layer the entering ground water is sucked through a pipe which extends through the foundation body and is designed as a water-pervious filter pipe in the region of the layer of filtering concrete. The layer of filtering concrete is preferably reinforced by reinforcing irons. After lowering of the ground water level, the filtering concrete is injected with a hardenable injection material, thus enabling the lower end of the foundation body to better absorb the pressures transmitted from the upper part.

Abstract: Method for making an elongated support column extending downwardly into the ground which may be used in the construction of foundation piling, tension anchors and related installations, the method comprising generally the steps of providing a rigid elongated hollow driving mandrel with radial apertures in the lower section and having a driving foot on its lower end; passing the driving foot through and displacing the ground to form a space with a cross-sectional area greater than the mandrel in the wake of the driving foot until the uppermost radial apertures in the driving mandrel are below the level of the ground; continuing the driving of the driving mandrel and foot by introducing liquified fill material under pressure into the hollow portion of the mandrel, the pressure being adjusted so as to fill the space between the mandrel and the walls of the hole so as to prevent the ground from collapsing upon the mandrel; allowing the liquified fill material to solidify when the desired depth has been reached.

Abstract: The specification discloses a in situ cased pile and method for constructing same under the footing of a building. The invention is particularly suited to the stabilization of building footings in regions of unstable soil subject to uplift or subsistence. The cased pile extends through the unstable soil to a region of stable soil, and rests thereon. An enlarged pile footing in the stable soil is used. The movement of the unstable soil is isolated from the pile by means of a casing or tubular sleeve which surrounds the casing. A method of forming this structure in situ, without removing the unstable soil, is also disclosed. In the practice of this method a self-propelled soil displacing mole forms a hole in the subsoil and draws down a steel tube (15) to line the hole. The mole is withdrawn, a PVC or cardboard tube (16) is slid down the lined hole, and the lined hole is filled with concrete. The mole is re-run to produce a pile footing (17) and is again withdrawn.

Abstract: The device comprises:a beating cap (1) provided with a conduit (2) for introduction of the concrete under pressure;a pipe form (3) to be sunk and pulled out gradually as the concrete is introduced, the pipe form having a fastening (4) connected to a pressure gauge (4') for reading of the pressures acting on the concrete;a chuck (5) located between the pipe form (3) and having a conduit for passage of the concrete (2) under pressure and a cylindrical sheath (6) for reducing volume;two expandable tubular rings (7,7') to make a seal for the air under pressure in the air chamber (8) between the pipe form (3) and the chuck (5) to achieve locking between the chuck (5), the pipe form (3) and the beating cap (1);a one-time bottom (9) to prevent penetration of dirt in the pipe form during sinking;The raising of the pipe form (3) gradually as the concrete is introduced being facilitated by the pressure that is exerted in air chamber (8) by the effect of the introduction of the concrete.

Abstract: A method of installing a pile beneath the foundations of a building comprises forming a hole, preferably at a small angle to the vertical, through the foundation driving a first pile casing section through said hole into the ground beneath the foundation with a percussive machine located at or near floor or ground level of the building, applying to the end of the first pile casing section a further pile casing section and driving the composite pile casing into the ground by a percussive machine located no lower than the floor or ground level of the building, fitting a further percussive machine having a maximum external diameter no greater than the maximum external diameter of the foundation hole and driving said casing further into the ground with said further percussive machine following the casing into the ground, completing said further driving operation before said further percussive machine penetrates completely below floor or ground level, withdrawing said further percussive machine and thereafter inse

Abstract: A method is provided for making a foundation pile comprising a cylindrical tube (1) with one or more helically extending blades (14,15) at its lower end to which a hardening liquid is supplied that is conducted in such a manner that it penetrates the soil below the helical blade part or parts and along the tube wall (2) thereabove at 13. Said hardable liquid serves as means for removing the friction between pile and soil during screwing in the soil.

Abstract: A support system for a railroad track is described specifically adapted for the improvement of railroad subgrade performance. A plurality of vertically disposed piles are positioned below the ties and the rails of the track so that loads imposed on the cross ties will be distributed into the subgrade by the piles. The piles are preferably comprised of cementitious material. Each of the piles is comprised of a cylindrical stem portion having a funnel-shaped head portion at the upper end thereof. In one form of the invention, the cross ties rest upon the upper end of the head portion of the piles. In another form of the invention, a ballast material is positioned between the cross ties and the upper ends of the piles.

Abstract: Shell piles having driving tips are driven with a pipe mandrel having a shoulder for engaging the top of the shell.

Abstract: A concrete pile is formed by forming a hole in the ground with an auger and introducing concrete material into the ground through the hollow stem of the auger, the concrete being forceably ejected from the hollow stem of the auger by compressed air supplied to a nozzle within the hollow stem of the auger adjacent the open end thereof. The auger is gradually withdrawn from the hole as the hole is filled with concrete. The auger is made of inter-connected auger sections, the sections being connected by couplers which provide channels for the flow of concrete and for the flow of compressed air. The auger bit is provided with an appropriate nozzle for the ejection of the compressed air.

Abstract: Compacted granular or stone columns are constructed in soil to increase the load-bearing capacities of the native soil. The upper portion of the compacted granular column is provided with a rigid central core such that vertical loads imposed on the composite column are transferred to a deeper level on the compacted column where the column operates more efficiently. A probe is centrally penetrated downwardly into the compacted granular column, and the resulting cavity is filled with cementitious grout to form a solid core after hardening. The grout may be injected into the cavity so formed in the compacted column at the bottom of the probe as the probe is being withdrawn in predetermined quantities metered in synchronization with the rate of withdrawal of the probe from the core cavity.

Abstract: An improved piling structure, for particularly advantageous use in sand or in sandy soils, has three elements including a pilot, a frusto-conical disk and a piling integrating the elements together. The disk is of preformed mesh reinforced cementitious material and is disposed on the driven pilot at the bottom of a hole, excavated for disk placement. The cementitious piling is poured onto the disk and pilot, integrating the structure. An alternate unitary pole support includes a hollow, lined casing, with a disk intermediate its ends, and an outer tube extending above the casing top to form a cementitious sleeve over the juncture of the casing and the pole. Methods of assembly and erection are included.

Abstract: After wet-drilling a hole until a bearing strata is reached, a mandrel with a removable overboot is lowered into the hole and the overboot is seated by a few hammer blows. The mandrel is then partly filled with thick concrete from its top, the top of the mandrel sealed, air-pressurized and a mechanical lifting force is applied. The pressure of the air within the mandrel plus the weight of the concrete forces off the overboot, and also forces the thick concrete against the sides of the hole, and the concrete forms a seal between the sides of the hole and the mandrel. The air pressure also helps lift the mandrel out of the hole.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for placing concrete under water in an easy and effectual manner. The method comprises the steps of: immersing a tremie tube having a special valve device, into water; transferring concrete through the tremie tube; closing the valve device while the outlet of the tremie tube is kept within the deposited concrete; and lifting the tremie tube to move it to another point. The above valve device is provided with a cylindrical elastic valve member fitted in a cylindrical member forming a space to receive a fluid under pressure and, when the fluid space is supplied with a pressurized fluid, the elastic valve member is folded and expanded in inward radial directions to close up the concrete passage of the tremie tube. Another aspect of the invention is to propose the measurement of the state of deposited concrete by means of a concrete surface detecting device.

Abstract: In forming foundation piers in the earth, a slurry of earth support material such as bentonite clay is mixed under high shear mixing conditions and introduced into the hole as drilling thereof progresses to provide lateral support for the side walls of the hole. Plastic concrete is then injected into the hole, displacing the slurry upwardly until the hole is filled with concrete to the desired level.The slurry may be recovered for reuse in drilling and forming another foundation pier.

Abstract: After wet-drilling a hole until a bearing strata is reached, a mandrel with a removable overboot is lowered into the hole and the overboot is seated by a few hammer blows. The mandrel is than partly filled with thick concrete from its top, the top of the mandrel sealed, air-pressurized and a mechanical lifting force is applied. The pressure of the air within the mandrel plus the weight of the concrete forces off the overboot, and also forces the thick concrete against the sides of the hole, and the concrete forms a seal between the sides of the hole and the mandrel. The air pressure also helps lift the mandrel out of the hole.

Abstract: A subsea template is installed on a level base provided by lowering and landing on the floor of the sea a container to which is supplied a quantity of fluent, settable material which flows to form a level upper surface on which the template is landed. The template is fixed in place by setting a pile into the floor of the sea. The receptacle is a guide base anchoring guidelines on which the template is lowered after hardening of the fluent material, or, in the case of a guidelineless installation, the base and template are lowered together and the template raised above the base during setting of the fluent material and then lowered onto the level base.

Abstract: A concrete feeding tube, hereinafter referred to as a "tremie tube", is used to feed concrete grout or the like underwater. This tremie tube consists of an outer tube having desired rigidity and a number of through-holes, and an inner tube having desired pliability, the lower end of the inner tube being adapted to be closed with a closure means. The tremie tube is so designed as to be lowered vertically into a body of water with the lower end of the inner tube being closed with the closure means. So lowered, water is introduced through the aforesaid through-holes inwardly of the wall of the outer tube so as to collapse the inner tube with a resulting decrease in buoyancy of the tremie tube. When the lowered end of the outer tube reaches the water bed then fresh hardening-material, such as concrete grout, is fed into the inner tube under pressure so as to inflate the inner tube.