Abstract: A piling structure or ground anchor comprising at least one piling member portion adapted to be driven into the ground or inserted into a pre-bored hole therein (31); a spreading mandrel member (34,40) adapted to be passed into the structure or ground anchor so as to expand the piling member (31) portion laterally into the ground; and holding means (45) for holding the piling member portion in its expanded disposition.

Abstract: A ground- or soil anchor is prepared and placed in the ground by drilling a bore hole at the chosen site by means of a drilling assembly which comprises an elongated tubular member which serves as drive shaft for the drill, which latter has tapering rear end and is designed to be pulled into the said tubular member, the leading end of which is split so that the parts thereof-on the drill being pulled into it-are spread apart and are eventually embedded in grout inserted into the bore hole.

Abstract: A ground anchor has an auger fluke defined by a lower leading and upper trailing beveled cutting edges, the shape of the edges being at a non-radial or oblique angle, the disc being vertically separated in the shape of a helix and attached to an axial anchor rod. The rod is set in the ground with a socket tool that is coaxially positioned over the rod. The tool includes a helical slot engagable with the helix of the anchor fluke to rotate the anchor into the ground, to pull test the anchor, and in one embodiment capable to reverse rotate the socket tool for its removal.

Abstract: A pile element is disclosed for supporting a structure after being driven into a soil stratum. The pile element includes a pile body defining an exterior surface of the pile. At least one plate is adapted to be retained substantially within the pile body during driving of the pile. The at least one plate is caused to protrude sideways from the pile body upon completion of driving of the pile.

Abstract: An expansion body for constructions like piles or anchorages located in the earth is adapted for insertion into the ground in a compact shape and expanded therein to an expanded shape. The expansion is achieved by unfolding a folded metallic casing (11) by filling it up with pressurized fluid. Each end of the elongated body is sealed by a closure comprising a socket (16, 17) with a sleeve (18, 19) encircling the near end part of the casing and a bottom plate (20, 21) with spacing means (22, 23) projecting into the inside of the casing. The sleeve (18, 19) and spacing means (22, 23) define an annular space (26, 27) in which the end parts (14, 15) are kept in a folded position when the body is expanded.

Abstract: A ground anchor has an auger fluke defined by a lower leading and upper trailing beveled cutting edges, the shape of the edges being at a non-radial or oblique angle, the disc being vertically separated in the shape of a helix and attached to an axial anchor rod. The rod is set in the ground with a socket tool that is coaxially positioned over the rod. The tool includes a helical slot engagable with the helix of the anchor fluke to rotate the anchor into the ground, to pull test the anchor, and in one embodiment cpable to reverse rotate the socket tool for its removal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a barbed anchor pile is described in which a pile, having horizontally placed barbs, is driven into the seafloor. Once it is buried to a predetermined depth, the barbs are spread outward into the surrounding soil to ensure that the pile will not be pulled out by uplift loads.

Abstract: A precast concrete pile which includes a tapered end with alternating enlarged cross-sections and contracted cross-sections through its length. The concrete pile is driven into the ground together with a soil solidifying supply pipe and a cement slurry supply pipe. The pile footing in the ground is formed with concrete formations around the contracted sections, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the pile footing.

Abstract: A permanent mooring method and arrangement for embedding a permanent mooring device in the sea bottom calls for the lowering of the permanent mooring device into the sea until the bottom end contacts the sea bottom, the transmission of fluid under high pressure via a hollow tubular body of the permanent mooring device to a nozzle portion thereof so as to create a fluidized area in the sea bottom around the permanent mooring device and to wash the permanent mooring device into and beneath the sea bottom, followed by transmission of a cementitious substance via the hollow tubular body to the nozzle portion so as to fill the fluidized area in the sea bottom with the cementitious substance. The permanent mooring device is vibrated during transmission of the high-pressure fluid, transmission of the cementitious substance, or consolidation of the cementitious substance, or during any combination thereof to assist in the embedding process.

Abstract: An expansion body for constructions like piles or anchorages located in the earth is adapted for insertion into the ground in a compact shape and expanded therein to an expanded shape. The expansion is achieved by unfolding a folded metallic casing (11) by filling it up with pressurized fluid. Each end of the elongated body is sealed by a closure comprising a socket (16, 17) with a sleeve (18, 19) encircling the near end part of the casing and a bottom plate (20, 21) with spacing means (22, 23) projecting into the inside of the casing. The sleeve (18, 19) and spacing means (22, 23) define an annular space (26, 27) in which the end parts (14, 15) are kept in a folded position when the body is expanded.

Abstract: Apparatus for shoring a concrete slab, for example, comprising support members engageable with the bottom of the slab, a guide engageable with the support members having an internal screw thread, and piling having an external screw thread which mates with the internal screw thread of the guide. The piling is rotated about a generally vertical axis for threading it down through the guide into the ground below the slab and into engagement with load-bearing underground strata thereby to shore the slab. A method of this invention for shoring a slab is also disclosed.

Abstract: A ground anchor is composed of a number of components and is firmly held in position in the ground by its components being moved apart and firmly urged onto the wall of the cavity in which the ground anchor is positioned.

Abstract: For the progressive transfer of a tension or traction force from a fiber-reinforced plastic anchoring rod 10 to a threaded sleeve 20 surrounding one end of the rod, sawtooth shaped teeth are provided. The inclined flanks 6 of the teeth are increasingly longer as a function of the distance from the end 22 of the rod. The tooth length extension corresponds to the expansion of the rod under the local traction force which, because it becomes lower at each flank, decreases on a step-by-step basis. With this arrangement the rod can be stressed up to its breaking load without causing any damage to the threaded sleeve. This connection is suitable for any staying to fasten a cable to an anchoring element.

Abstract: In the installation of a roof bolt in the roof of a mine, a hole is driven vertically upwards into the rock above the mine roof and the bolt is pushed up the hole. Moist grit is blown up the annular gap around the shank of the bolt and packs into the gap to anchor the bolt in place. The air can escape from the bottom of the hole. The bolt may be tubular and form a duct for escaping air. When the gap is full of grit a sealing washer is pushed into the bottom part of the hole. A roof plate is located against the roof and held in place by a nut screwed to the projecting lower end portion of the bolt.

Abstract: A ground anchor includes a saddle to receive and support buried pipe and having an anchor rod that will bend from upward forces acting on the pipe yet still retaining the pipe in the ground.

Abstract: An expansion body for constructions like piles or anchorages located in the earth, said body being adapted for insertion into the ground in a compact shape and expanded therein to an expanded shape. The expansion is achieved by unfolding a folded sheet metal casing (11) by filling it up with pressurized fluid. The sheet metal casing which defines two opposed portions (16, 17) is folded in a zigzag shape before the expansion with the folds (18) of one portion (16) falling into the folds (19) of the other portion (17).

Abstract: Particles of a coloring agent having opaque sheaths which are the color of a mortar mass, are introduced into the reactive mortar mass to signal the distribution of hardener therein.

Abstract: A rock bolt comprising a bolt body, a bag member directly surrounding an outer periphery of the bolt body adjacent to one end thereof, retainer means from securely fixing the bag member direct to the bolt body, a first tube means for feeding packing material into the bag member and extending through the bag member and toward the other end of the bolt body. The packing material filled into the bag member acts to lid or plug the hole into which the rock bolt has been inserted.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for installing an extending plate earth anchor using extension plates, a hydraulic jack which works against the side of the wall, and techniques for load stress distribution are shown and described.

Abstract: A grouted strand anchor and method of making the same comprising a pre-drilled anchor hole, a strand having centering means thereon for centering the strand in the hole, and grout surrounding the strand and engaging the sides of the hole for transferring tension loads in the strand by shear forces in the grout to the sides of the hole.

Abstract: An improved piling structure, for particularly advantageous use in sand or in sandy soils, has three elements including a pilot, a frusto-conical disk and a piling integrating the elements together. The disk is of preformed mesh reinforced cementitious material and is disposed on the driven pilot at the bottom of a hole, excavated for disk placement. The cementitious piling is poured onto the disk and pilot, integrating the structure. An alternate unitary pole support includes a hollow, lined casing, with a disk intermediate its ends, and an outer tube extending above the casing top to form a cementitious sleeve over the juncture of the casing and the pole. Methods of assembly and erection are included.

Abstract: A method of making on site a ground anchor having at least double corrosion protection about the anchor element, comprises locating a number of fixed lengths of corrosion proof sleeve about the element, applying a cap to the sleeve at the end of the element, and supplying a self-setting composition into the sleeve via the cap to fill an annular clearance between the sleeve and the element. The cap may be left in place on the end of the anchor to protect the anchor during insertion thereof into a borehole. The sleeve preferably comprises an outer plastics layer, an inner metal layer, and an intermediate layer of set filler.

Abstract: During the driving of a pile having an enlarged tip, uplift capacity is provided by pouring concrete into the annular space around the pile stem.

Abstract: A piling assembly, and a method of anchoring the piling, are provided for increasing resistance to pull-out of the piling. The assembly includes an elongated piling having first and second ends, and first, second, third, and fourth anchors, each anchor having a circumferential extent less than one-half the circumference of the piling. The anchors are attached to the piling so that the first and second anchors are opposite each other at a first position adjacent the piling first end, and third and fourth anchors are opposite each other at a second position adjacent the piling first end. The second position is a greater distance than the sum of the distance the first position is spaced from the piling first end and the axial length of an anchor. The third and fourth anchors are circumferentially displaced from the first and second anchors around the piling. Each anchor comprises a pocket member of rigid material having an open top communicating with a hollow interior, and closed bottom, sides and ends.

Abstract: A peg device for the fixing of posts and stakes in the ground has a rigid member shaped to permit it to be readily driven into the ground and defining a housing which can receive a base portion of the post or stake. A preferred construction has a number of metal plates forming the rigid member, each plate including a bent up edge portion welded to another of the plates, the assembly of plates being positioned so as to define a central sheath bounding the housing. The rigid member may be shaped to permit it to be screwed into the ground. For driving the peg device into the ground, a driving device may be inserted in the housing and pressure exerted on the driving device, for example by repeated operation of a ram which is slidable up and down a rod portion to abut on a stop.

Abstract: An alignment device adapted to position an elongated member such as a cable or the like within the interior of an associated enclosure. The device includes a hollow collar adapted to be placed in a close surrounding relationship with an axial section of the elongated member. The collar includes a longitudinal split in the side wall thereof between opposed spaced apart collar peripheral ends. These ends may be moved apart from each other for installing the device on the elongated member and then moved back toward each other to place the device in a close surrounding operative position thereon. An adjustable locking means facilitates locking the collar at the peripheral ends in the operative position and simultaneously prevents axial displacement of the peripheral ends relative to each other. A plurality of supporting legs extend outwardly of the collar at spaced intervals therearound and include support feet.

Abstract: An improvement in the process and a device for making anchorages in soils or rocks having ringed supports that ensure the armatures arrangement, and where two jackets are coupled, one outside and another inside the cable, are provided with radial and longitudinal injection holes, wrapped up and closed externally by elastic means.

Abstract: An underwater template has one or a plurality of pile housings through which piles are driven into the earth at the floor of the water to fix the template in place by forging the pile into grooves in the housing. The forging operations are performed by a rotary cold forge tool with expansible rollers, the tool being rotatable by a running string of drill pipe guided by a swivel which lands on and is centered by the pile, or the forging is done by explosives confined between seals within the pile section.

Abstract: A pile anchor for moorings of the type which includes a flexible housing in combination with both a bellis expander and a pair of pivotable flukes extending through apertures in the housing. As load is placed upon the anchor cable, the anchor stock is reciprocated within the housing to expand the bellis against the housing sides which are pushed against the pile hole. Simultaneously the anchor flukes are pivoted to extend through the housing apertures and engage the sides of the pile hole. A pair of such bellis expanders may be employed together with a pair of pivotable flukes to assure positive gripping expansion of the piling assembly with the sides of the pile hole.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pile including an elongate member having a front surface, a back surface and a lower end portion adapted to be driven into the earth. A rigid plate is transversely affixed on the lower end portion of the elongate member. When the elongate member is driven generally upright into the earth, the plate extends through the earth in a direction generally perpendicular to lateral forces acting on the front or back surface of the elongate member. The pile can be used as an upright support member for an earth embankment wall.

Abstract: A concrete pile fitted with a special slightly tapered concrete tip of larger area. The tip has a central open socket for receiving concrete poured in after the pile is in place.

Abstract: Mechanisms for joining two telescopic cylinders underwater in a temporary and inexpensive manner are disclosed, particularly when used in anchoring piles or in offshore tower legs. A gun fires projectiles radially from internally of the pile formed of telescopic cylinders to form the plurality of outwardly extending anchoring bumps in the walls of the cylinders. The projectiles are fired in a horizontal plane radially outwardly and from within and normal to the two telescopic cylinders underwater, for example, with two bumps being formed by each projectile, which bumps overlie each other tightly prior to their being penetrated by the projectile which holds the two bumps together. A number of radiating guns form a like number of pairs of bumps in a circle around the periphery of the telescopic cylinders to form an efficient, inexpensive, and simple temporary connection holding the two cylinders together.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for setting pilings, and to apparatus for use in conjunction therewith. More particularly, the invention relates to a new and improved method for temporarily setting and holding a piling in place for subsequent filling, packing and setting of material surrounding the ground imbedded portion of the piling. The present invention finds particular, but not necessarily exclusive utility in connection with setting pilings in frozen ground such as arctic tundra.