Abstract: A cryogenic fluid distributor for turret machine tools (e.g., lathes) directs a stream of cryogenic fluid from an external, pressurized cryogen source to a working position of a machine tool to prevent overheating of the tool. Designed for easy retrofitting and synchronizing with multi-tool turret machines, the distributor allows for a “dual-fluid” machining capability combining a cryogenic fluid and a conventional cutting fluid (flowing via a conventional coolant system built into a given machine tool). Made of low thermal-mass, insulating polymer and metallic parts, the distributor utilizes the different thermal contraction coefficients of the parts to establish cryogenic sealing connections, which eliminates undesired turret plate cooling and assures rapid cryogen flow start-up.

Abstract: Fluid passageways are defined by the top plate, tool holder body and the cutting insert to permit the optimum cooling of the interface between the insert and the work piece reducing degradation of the cutting edge of the insert. A number of top plate designs with channel configurations are disclosed to provide the desired coolant flow distribution and accommodate the desired flow rate.

Abstract: A metal workpiece is cut by rotating the workpiece while pressing the cutting edge of a cutting insert thereagainst for removing a chip from the workpiece. A first liquid jet is directed from a first nozzle toward an upper surface of the cutting insert for creating an hydraulic wedge between the cutting insert and the chip, and a second liquid jet is directed from a second nozzle toward a target point disposed above the upper surface of the cutting insert to engage and deflect the chip upwards and backwards.

Abstract: A cutting tool (2) includes a front part (5), which has a cutting insert (6), as well as a rear part (7), which is detachably mountable in a holder (3) in an appurtenant machine. The tool (2) comprises a plurality of nozzles (13), which have the purpose of spraying jets (4) of high pressure cooling liquid towards the cutting insert (6). Supply of cooling liquid to these nozzles is guaranteed via a duct system positioned inside the tool, which system includes an equally large number of mutually spaced-apart ducts as the number of nozzles, the nozzles being adjusted in order to direct the jets thereof towards different points of impact on one and the same cutting insert. In this connection, it is possible to close the individual ducts inside the tool individually in order to enable spraying of only one jet at a time towards the appurtenant point of impact on the cutting insert.

Abstract: The chip removing machining of a workpiece is performed by a cutting tool which includes a cutting insert. In order to cool the cutting insert, one or more over-cooling nozzles is arranged for directing a jet of cooling liquid downwardly toward a contact area between the workpiece and a chip surface of the cutting insert. A sub-cooling nozzle is arranged for directing a jet of cooling liquid upwardly toward a contact area between the workpiece and a flank surface of the cutting insert. A jet of cooling liquid can be emitted from only the over-cooling nozzle, or from only the sub-cooling nozzle, or from both of those nozzles simultaneously.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a nozzle for directing coolant toward an insert seat disposed in the tool. The nozzle includes a bore which directs coolant toward a location on the seat that is spaced from a center hole in which the nozzle is mounted. A rear end of the nozzle is pressed against a fixed surface of the tool by the pressure of coolant. The bore in the nozzle is in non-coinciding relationship relative to the axis of the hole in which the insert is mounted. The bore can be angled relative to axis of the hole, or the bore can be parallel to, but radially offset from, the axis of the hole.

Abstract: An indexable insert having a heat absorbing performance, and an indexable tool using the same.

Abstract: A frame-like nozzle for liquid coolant disposed above a machining tool is connected to a vertical main shaft. The nozzle is coaxial with the main shaft and directed downward. The nozzle has an inner peripheral wall, an inner flange formed in or close to the inner peripheral wall, an upper framework having a ceiling serving as a guide surface, and a lower framework. The liquid coolant flows upwardly out from the inside channel in a planar radial manner. The upper framework has an outer peripheral wall serving as an outside guide surface for downwardly bending the liquid and cooperating with the flange to define an outside channel. A flow agitating recess is formed in the wall surface. The lower framework includes a level difference, and forms a floor by which the coolant reaching the lower end of the outer peripheral wall is guided radially inward through the difference. Coolant is allowed to flow downward. The inner edge of the floor defines a circulatory waterfall opening.

Abstract: A machining method for a workpiece with a lathe device, wherein compressed air and liquid are individually supplied to the interior of a turret. After the compressed air and the liquid are separately passed through the interior of the turret, they are separately supplied to the interior of a tool holding means fixed to the turret. At the interior of the tool holding means, the compressed air and the liquid are mixed and atomized to form a mist. Atomized mist is then delivered to a tip of a working tool for machining, either along the outer surface or within the interior of the working tool, and is sprayed onto a working part from the tip of the working tool. The machining method does not cause problems such as hardening, like quenching, of a surface of the workpiece with generated cutting heat even during high-speed cutting.

Abstract: A fixing device for fixing a tool, preferably a turning tool, to a toolholder, includes a shank and at least one cutting part. The toolholder has an insertion opening for accommodating the tool shank. The fixing device includes a clamping element which is stored in such a way that it can partially rotate in the holder around an axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the axis of insertion of the insertion opening. The clamping element also includes a partially cylindrical surface section which is eccentric in relation to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, the shank surface has a partially cylindrical, open-edged recess perpendicular to the shank axis, into which recess the clamp element can be screwed by its partially cylindrical surface section when mounting the tool shank.

Abstract: A metal cutting tool includes a tool body which carries a cutting insert and has nozzles for directing cooling fluid against the insert. The tool body defines a longitudinal axis and is insertable into a holder in an axial direction, whereby a surface of the tool body abuts a surface of the holder. Those surfaces include respective holes that are aligned with one another in a radial direction for transferring cooling fluid from a channel of the holder to a channel of the tool body. A seal surrounds one of the holes and is compressed when the tool body is inserted into the holder.

Abstract: Universal tool holder coolant delivery adapters have adapter bodies which are removably attachable to a tool holder by at least one fastening device, the adapter located between an attachment end of the tool holder and a distal end of the tool holder, the distal end of the tool holder having a cutting tool attached thereto, the adapter bodies having an internal coolant passageway including an intake port and an exit port, the intake port adapted for attachment to a pressurized coolant supply line and the outlet port adapted for attachment to or configured in the form of a coolant spray nozzle, the coolant spray nozzle being closely positioned and substantially aligned with the cutting interface of the cutting tool and a workpiece.

Abstract: A tool block and holder for metal working lathes, comprising, a tool block having a tool channel extending therethrough sized to receive snugly a collet holder with a collar at its proximate end serving as a stop against the tool block, and first coolant channel that communicates a fluid coolant from a source external to the tool block to the tool channel at a point beyond the distal end of the collet holder; a collet sized to be received snugly within the collet holder and having a hollow interior and a nose at its proximate end with an opening sized to receive the shank of a metal working tool and having male threads at its distal end; and a draw nut having a proximate end sized to be received snugly within the tool channel, female threads at its proximate end sized to receive the male threads at the distal end of the collet, a flange at the distal end of the draw nut serving as a stop against the tool block, and second coolant channel in fluid communication with the first coolant channel and the hollow int

Abstract: A coolant liquid feeding method comprises feeding a coolant liquid, with air bubbles caused to form continuously therein, for cutting or grinding operation to a region under machining, expediting the splashing of air bubbles in all directions when the air bubbles impinge on the region under machining and burst, and also expediting the entry of accelerated splashed liquid particles into a cutter/workpiece pressure contact plane, thereby improving the cooling and lubrication of the region under machining, whereby the air bubbles in the coolant liquid which has failed to reach the region under machining or which, though reaching there, has left there for the recovery channel are allowed to adhere to suspended foreign matters in the liquid, thereby expediting the surfacing of the foreign matters.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved cutting tool point. In the preferred embodiment, the cutting tool is comprised of a marginal end portion (15), adapted to selectively removed material from a work piece when the tool is moved relative to the work piece and having a leading cutting lip (16), a trailing dam (18), a recessed surface (19) extending into the marginal end portion between the cutting lip and the dam, and a coolant hole (20) communicating with the recessed surface, such that the recessed surface forms a reservoir (40) for coolant (36). The present invention also discloses a marginal end portion having an axis of rotation (42), at least one flute (21), and at least one chip-forming notch (31) extending from the flute into the marginal end portion and beyond the axis of rotation. The present invention also discloses a marginal end portion having a chip former (37) and a chip breaker (32).

Abstract: A cutting insert is cooled during chip removing machining of a workpiece by conducting cooling medium through a porous supporting body of the insert. The cooling medium enters the insert through an inlet formed therein at a location remote from a cutting edge of the insert and exits the insert through an outlet formed in the insert at a location proximate the cutting edge. The discharged cooling medium impinges on, and cools, the workpiece.

Abstract: A tool holder for holding cutting inserts for machine tool work includes an integral cooling passage therethrough. Various coolant nozzles are interchangeably installable in the holder, to provide different amounts of coolant fluid flow depending upon the specific work being accomplished. The portion of the cooling passage in the tool holder adjacent to the installed nozzle, as well as the nozzles, are devoid of bends or changes in direction of the coolant flow path for greater efficiency and to ensure that the coolant flow is directed precisely at the cutting tip of the insert regardless of the radial orientation of the nozzle. The nozzles each incorporate a non-circular, preferably triangular, coolant outlet tip, which cross sectional shape blends smoothly with the circular cross sectional shape of the nozzle inlet and passage through the tool holder.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting chips from a workpiece includes a cutting tool having a rake face and a flank face, the rake face including a cutting edge. A chip breaker is positioned adjacent the rake face for lifting a chip from the rake face after the chip is cut from the workpiece. A supply head is positioned adjacent the chip breaker and a chamber for receiving cryogenic coolant may be formed between the supply head and the chip breaker. A primary nozzle is positioned for directing cryogenic coolant from the chamber onto the rake face and under the chip cut from the workpiece. The primary nozzle may be formed by one or more nozzle channels recessed into the rake face of the cutting tool.

Abstract: A milling tool 8 includes a tool holder 10 for housing multiple thread cutting inserts 24 for precise milling of threads on a workpiece. The tool holder 10 is rotatable in an orbitable path spaced radially from a milling axis and is simultaneously rotatable about its own axis for repeatedly bringing each of the cutting inserts into engagement with the workpiece. Each cutting insert is precisely positioned within the tool holder by a stop surface 62 located at an axially rearward end of an insert cavity 28 in the tool holder. An axially elongate tool holder groove 32 is provided in communication with a side face of the generally rectilinear insert cavity. Each cutting insert defines a substantially rectangular plate, an end face for mating engagement with the stop surface 62 and an axially elongate insert groove 26 extending from a corresponding side face on the rectangular plate.

Abstract: A tool for rotary chip removal machining includes a cutting head, a retention element and a shank. The cutting head includes a rear mounting portion and the retention element includes a front retaining portion. The mounting and retaining portion present forwardly facing and rearwardly facing surfaces, respectively, which engage one another for retaining the cutting head in the shank. The hook of the cutting head is asymmetrical with respect to the axis and is larger than the hook of the retention element. The cutting head includes a central flushing channel for conducting a flushing medium. The channel extends through the mounting portion of the cutting head for reducing the mass of that hook. The retention element includes a central channel which does not extend through the retaining portion.

Abstract: A tool holder composed of: a holder body, the holder body including: a tip mounting portion; a cutting tip held to the holder body at the tip mounting portion; a face adjoining the cutting tip; and a protrusion projecting from the face to thereby rebound chips produced by the cutting tip during a cutting operation.

Abstract: The invention is an arrangement whereby fluid dynamics is used to provide a cooling effect to a cutting tool while in use. More specifically, the invention is based upon the principles that fluid expands when sent through a restricted diameter channel which concomitantly to expansion and reduced pressure also causes a markedly reduced temperature of the arrangement. A cooling element comprising a long, restricted channel arranged on a support plate in a tightly spaced continuous pattern and having an inlet for any desired cooling fluid and an outlet. Cooling fluids can be contained within the system for indefinite reuse or can be cycled through (i.e. air or water). Preferred cooling fluids are tap water or ambient air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cutting insert (100; 200) for material-removing machining, especially turning, grinding, engraving and boring a workpiece (36), the at least one-sided overlap of which forms the first face (28) with at least one cutting edge (26) and the surrounding side surfaces of which form at least one free face (29). To improve cutting effectiveness, the flank (29) has one or more recesses (32) at a distance (h.sub.1) from the cutting edge (26; 34).

Abstract: A metal cutting tool comprising a cutting insert and a cutting insert holder is described. The insert has a body portion and a head portion. The head portion has an upper rake surface, a front relief flank surface, and a cutting edge defined between the first two. The holder is formed with a pair of jaws which clamp the insert. The first jaw abuts an upper surface of the insert adjacent the rake surface while the second jaw abuts a lower surface of the insert, adjacent to a base edge of the relief flank surface. A portion of this second jaw extends beyond the base edge, forming a projection. The holder is provided with a coolant flow channel having an input adapted to be coupled to a coolant source. A downstream portion of the channel terminates in a coolant flow outlet formed in the projection. The downstream portion and the outlet are arranged such that a coolant outflow from the outlet is directed substantially parallel to the relief surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cap-like reservoir defining system which allows user adjustable location of application of cutting tool lifetime increasing cryogenic cooling to a workpiece contacting edge of a cutting tool, in a workpiece machining system. The present invention method of use finds application in the machining of materials such as ceramics, heat resistant materials, titanium, inconel alloys, and super alloys.

Abstract: A process for machining titanium or titanium alloy parts with a cutting speed exceeding 150 m/min which uses spraying or sprinkling of lubricating fluid under very high pressures (60 to 400 bars). The main component is a spraying flange or collar having internal ducts making it possible to supply under high pressure one or more fluid jets in the direction of the edge of the cutting tip.

Abstract: A method for producing discontinuous chips during the machining of a work piece by a cutting tool is provided. The method includes the steps of engaging the cutting tool into the workpiece to produce a continuous chip and directing a stream of cryogen toward the continuous chip, so as to rapidly cool the continuous chip and fracture the continuous chip into the discontinuous chips.

Abstract: A method for cutting a surface of a base of a photoreceptor for electrophotography is disclosed. The method comprises steps of:(a) supplying an aqueous cutting fluid to the surface of the photoreceptor base;(b) cutting the surface of the photoreceptor base by a cutting tool comprising a single crystal diamond.

Abstract: A cutting tool particularly adapted for machining brittle plastics in which the cutting head has its cutting edges in the first and fourth quadrants of the x-y axes and contained in a common plane on opposite sides of the axis of tool rotation. The cutting edges are on two planar inserts, which can be either integral or separate elements, which meet at the common plane and each of which is relieved or cut away in the opposite quadrant from its own cutting edge to expose the cutting edges of the other. The walls defining the reliefs have 2 or more non-aligned sections forming different angles with the axis of rotation with the steepest angle beginning at the axis and preferably inwardly of the tip of the tool and, overall, exposing not less than a full quadrant of the cutting edge of the other insert while providing cavities and contours which control the movement of the chips and the flow of coolant fluids.

Abstract: A coolant system is disclosed for use with a machine tool in which coolant is used to both cool and lubricate a workpiece and cutting tool. The system of the present invention utilizes a positive displacement pump with one or more spray nozzles each having a restricted orifice whereby the coolant is sprayed from the nozzles at a relatively high velocity and pressure enabling the coolant to be precisely directed to the cutting location to provide optimum cooling and lubricating of the workpiece and cutting tool. Check valves are provided for both the pump inlet and outlet lines to maintain the pump in a primed condition and prevent drainage of coolant from the coolant system when the pump is not operating.

Abstract: A metal cutting tool having a metal cutting tip with at least one cutting edge defined between a rake face and a relief flank and at least one recess formed in said relief flank and constituting a coolant channel and extending towards said cutting edge and being spaced therefrom by a spacing s which is of the order of the prescribed permissible width of flank wear VB.sub.max.

Abstract: A sealing bushing is provided for use with a liquid cooled metal cutting tool of the kind having an elongated tool shaft for mounting with respect to a machine tool turret and formed with a cooling duct, the sealing bushing comprising a tubular member and an annular channel member formed integrally with and surrounding an end portion of the tubular member; the channel member being constituted by the end portion and a skirt portion radially spaced from the tubular portion and integrally coupled thereto by a flange portion, at least the skirt portion being formed of a flexibly resilient material.

Abstract: A hydraulic chuck for securing a lathe shaft and cutting tool to a tool holder is provided with spray nozzles to project cooling fluid on the cutting tool.

Abstract: An apparatus machines a workpiece by a rotating cutting tool having at least one coolant channel extended toward the free end thereof with high-pressure coolant jetting onto the free end of the cutting tool. The coolant has sufficient pressure and flow rate to remove the heat and the chips generated during the machining. The cutting tool is fed in a path suitable for each machining operation with the cutting edges being advanced into the workpiece in a reverse direction to the feed direction. The apparatus can machine a workpiece of a material having high hardness and high toughness.

Abstract: A device for accurately supplying a fluid such as a cutting fluid to the cutting portion of a tool of any of a wide variety of tools includes a tool holder having an internal fluid passageway and a forward end formed to include an annular fluid supply groove in communication with the fluid passageway, a nozzle ring having nozzles communicating with the annular fluid supply groove, and a coupling ring, which is screwed onto the forward end of the tool holder, for fixedly fastening the nozzle ring to the tool holder in an attachable and detachable manner. A cutting fluid from a fluid supply source is fed under pressure to the nozzles of the nozzle ring through the fluid passageway and the annular fluid supply groove, and the cutting fluid is jetted from the nozzles toward the cutting portion of the tool, such as a drill, held by the tool holder.

Abstract: A metal cutting tool having a metal cutting tip such as a replaceable insert, having top and bottom faces and a plurality of peripheral faces and a rake face forming part of the top face. A cutting edge is formed at the intersection of the top face and one of the peripheral faces. Chip forming means is formed on the top face and comprises, in lateral sectional view, successive portions of which at least one is relatively recessed with respect to a preceding or succeeding portion. A through-going bore is formed in the insert and extends from one of the bottom and peripheral faces to the relatively recessed portion in a direction towards the cutting edge.

Abstract: A toolholder includes a support having an insert seat for receiving a cutting insert. The cutting insert is brought into engagement with a workpiece to remove a chip of metal from the workpiece. The toolholder includes fluid chip-breaking means for directing a stream of high velocity fluid at the chip being removed from the workpiece to break the chip into small segments. The direction of the fluid stream can be adjusted so that a single tool can be used perform a variety of cuts while optimizing the effectiveness of the fluid chip-breaking stream for each cut.

Abstract: A coolant system is disclosed for use with a machine tool in which coolant is used to both cool and lubricate a workpiece and cutting tool. The system of the present invention utilizes a positive displacement pump with one or more spray nozzles each having a restricted orifice whereby the coolant is sprayed from the nozzles at a relatively high velocity and pressure enabling the coolant to be precisely directed to the cutting location to provide optimum cooling and lubricating of the workpiece and cutting tool. Check valves are provided for both the pump inlet and outlet lines to maintain the pump in a primed condition and prevent drainage of coolant from the coolant system when the pump is not operating.

Abstract: A face mill type cutter, preferably a rotary ring cutter, having coolant passages located within the cutter to supply coolant to discharge outlets located between and/or in the stock removing surfaces located on the cutter. Coolant is supplied to the face mill cutter either by a coolant shroud arranged about at least a portion of the periphery of the cutter, or, by at least one coolant delivery passage arranged in the spindle of a machine tool.

Abstract: An apparatus for high-pressure waterjet assisted machining includes a drive motor, spindle and rotary cutting tool with cutting inserts. The apparatus further includes a high-pressure intensifier pump providing cutting fluid at a pressure greater than 50,000 psi. A cutting fluid conduit system in the rotary cutting tool includes a main flow channel, a distribution manifold, a plurality of radially extending feed channels and a plurality of cooperating nozzles for delivering fluid behind the cutting inserts. The cutting fluid then passes through one or more apertures in the inserts into an interface defined by the inserts of the cutting tool and a chip being cut from the workpiece.

Abstract: An improved toolholder assembly and method is provided that comprises an adjustable nozzle for redirecting a liquid coolant stream from a direction generally parallel or slightly oblique with respect to the axis of rotation of a workpiece to a direction that is substantially orthogonal with respect to this axis. The nozzle assembly includes a threaded base on one end and a nozzle head on the other, and the threaded base may be screwed into or out of a threaded opening in the toolholder body which communicates with the original coolant stream opening in order to adjust the nozzle head at both a desired angle in a plane orthogonal with respect to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, as well as at a desired point along this axis.

Abstract: Improved machining of various materials is disclosed by means of a material cutting insert having an internal fluid passageway which discharges a high velocity fluid jet stream in a particular manner. An improved method for use of the cutting insert is also disclosed along with apparatus employing the improvement.

Abstract: In machining a substrate surface of a photoreceptor by the use of a cutting machine which supplies cutting lubricant from a reservoir to a cutting tool of the cutting machine, the method comprises a measurement of a cutting tool temperature by a sensor and a control of both the temperature of cutting lubricant and a flow rate thereof. The control is responsive to the cutting tool temperature and suppresses a temperature fluctuation of the cutting tool.

Abstract: A coolant supply system for a machine tool comprises a coolant source; a nozzle for directing coolant to inside of a workpiece from the coolant source; another nozzle for directing coolant to outside of the workpiece from the coolant source; and a valve for automatically selectively directing coolant only to the inside of the workpiece, thereby increasing coolant flow to the inside of the workpiece when needed.

Abstract: A method of surface-processing a photoreceptor base including aluminum material for electrophotography on a lathe, in which a surface of the base is cut by a cutting tool having a sintered polycrystalline diamond body while cutting fluid, composed of water, an aqueous solution of a surface-active agent or an aqueous solution of a water-soluble organic solvent, is being supplied to the surface of the base frame.

Abstract: A method of machining metals, by effecting relative movement between a work piece and a tool having a cutting edge to cut the work piece and produce a chip, including injecting a high pressure jet of cooling liquid into the cutting zone during machining, the jet being at a pressure of at least about 5,000 p.s.i. The jet is preferably injected between the chip and the rake face of the cutting tool, and the trajectory of the jet is offset from the rake face of the cutting tool by a small amount and the jet is aimed at the cutting edge of the tool.

Abstract: A method of obtaining enhanced thermal energy between a material forming apparatus and a cooling fluid is disclosed. A two component heat transfer fluid of the type including a carrier fluid and a plurality of discrete particles that undergo a reversible latent energy transition upon the transfer of thermal energy thereto. The temperature of the particles is adjusted (heated or cooled as necessary) to the point of the beginning of latent energy transition of the particles. The fluid is then brought into contact with a heat source such as a metal forming apparatus and a workpiece, proximate the interface therebetween. The slurry may then be collected, adjusted to the point of the beginning of latent energy transition and re-circulated to the heat source.

Abstract: Apparatus for the diamond machining of materials which detrimentally react with diamond cutting tools in which the cutting tool and the workpiece are chilled to very low temperatures. This chilling halts or retards the chemical reaction between the workpiece and the diamond cutting tool so that wear rates of the diamond tool on previously detrimental materials are comparable with the diamond turning of materials which do not react with diamond.

Abstract: A threadmilling tool is described, of the type that includes a thread cutting insert 14 (FIG. 1) that mounts on an insert holder 12 which is turned by a milling machine, wherein the insert provides four separate cutting edges 30-36 and can be accurately relocated on the holder. The insert has a cross-section forming a mount portion 50 (FIG. 5) with six straight locating sides 51-56 lying on the sides of an imaginary bisymmetrical polygon 58, and forming a radially outwardly-extending arm 60, 62 at each corner of the polygon. Each arm has an outer border 70 and a pair of opposite sides 72, 74 that extend largely radially from the axis 24 of the polygon, and each arm forms a cutting edge (e.g. 30) at the intersection of the outer border and each side of the arm. A tool holder 16 (FIG. 2) for holding the insert, has walls forming, in cross-section, a pair of straight holder positioning surfaces 80, 82 that abut a pair of insert locating sides, while avoiding contact with the arms 60, 62.

Abstract: The shank of a cutting tool incorporates a longitudinal notch along the outer shank surface. The notch extends from the outer shank end to the relief area of flute zones. The shank is inserted into a coolant-supplying adapter. The coolant is directed from the adapter to the flutes, via the notches. The result is delivery of high pressure lubrication to a work zone. The efficient delivery of lubricant increases machine efficiency by thoroughly flushing the cutter tool with lubricant. In an alternate embodiment, a normal cutting tool may be used with an adapter which has notches formed along the interior diameter surface thereof.