Abstract: A grinding machine, includes a pivotable tool spindle with a workpiece spindle adapted to receive a gearwheel workpiece and for rotationally driving the gearwheel workpiece about a workpiece spindle axis, wherein the tool spindle is configured to receive a grinding tool and rotationally drive the grinding tool about a tool spindle axis, and is carried by a pivot axis in such a way that the tool spindle together with the grinding tool can be pivoted about the pivot axis, and wherein the pivot axis (A) intersects the workpiece spindle axis (C) in a common plane projection, and wherein the pivot axis is offset laterally relative to the workpiece spindle axis and does not intersect the workpiece spindle axis.

Abstract: A machine tool re-machines a workpiece after positioning drive motors, a hob and the workpiece by stopping the drive motors with the rotational positions of the drive motors, the hob and the workpiece corresponding to their respective zero positions. For this purpose, a drive control section recognizes, based on the rotational-speed ratio of the drive motor corresponding to the hob and the hob and/or the rotational-speed ratio of the drive motor corresponding to the workpiece to the workpiece, and detection signals from detection sensors detecting that the rotational positions of the drive motors are at their respective zero positions, detections signals when the rotational positions of the drive motors and the rotational positions of the hob and the workpiece correspond to their respective zero positions, and stops the drive motors with the rotational positions of the drive motors, the hob and the workpiece corresponding to their respective zero positions.

Abstract: A machine tool re-machines a workpiece after positioning drive motors, a hob and the workpiece by stopping the drive motors with the rotational positions of the drive motors, the hob and the workpiece corresponding to their respective zero positions. For this purpose, a drive control section recognizes, based on the rotational-speed ratio of the drive motor corresponding to the hob and the hob and/or the rotational-speed ratio of the drive motor corresponding to the workpiece to the workpiece, and detection signals from detection sensors detecting that the rotational positions of the drive motors are at their respective zero positions, detections signals when the rotational positions of the drive motors and the rotational positions of the hob and the workpiece correspond to their respective zero positions, and stops the drive motors with the rotational positions of the drive motors, the hob and the workpiece corresponding to their respective zero positions.

Abstract: This method includes: a supporting process of supporting a worm wheel in a first supporting section of a supporting body; an engaging process of engaging a jig gear which corresponds to a worm with the worm wheel; a measuring process of measuring a distance between the centers of the worm wheel and the jig gear; a gear processing process of processing the worm based on the measured distance between the centers; and a supporting process of supporting the worm in a second supporting section of the supporting body after releasing the engagement between the worm wheel and the jig gear.

Abstract: A magnetic type angle sensor includes a rotary body having a first sensed part provided on a circumferential surface thereof with projecting parts and recessed parts at equal intervals in a circumferential direction thereof and a second sensed part provided on a circumferential surface thereof with a projecting parts at just one location, and a magnetic sensing device for sensing a change in a magnetic field along with rotation of the rotary body. The rotary body is formed with a plurality of projecting parts and recessed parts in a gear shape by gear cutting on the circumferential surface, then is cut with a groove at the center thereof in the axial direction thereof and has all projecting parts in a half section in the axial direction thereof cut off except for one.

Abstract: A durable erosion control blanket featuring a novel synthetic fiber filler is disclosed. The erosion control blanket of the present invention addresses the need for a particularly resilient erosion control blanket through the use of a post-consumer, crimped, polyester fiber filler material. In one embodiment, the post-consumer fiber material is of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) readily available in post-consumer form from the recycling of soda bottles. In short, a preferred filler material for the blanket of the present invention would utilize recycled soda bottle material which has been converted into a crimped, highly-resilient fibrous filler. It is, thus, possible to achieve the desired physical and mechanical properties in the erosion control blanket of the present invention while conserving natural resources to some extent by using a readily available post-consumer polymer material.

Abstract: On account of the constructional form of the tool head (17) according to the invention, the opposite sides (18, 19) of a tool (13) attached to the tool spindle (14) of a numerically controlled continuously generating gear grinding or hobbing machine are capable of machining the upper and lower sets of teeth (2, 3) of a double-sided face-gear (1) in one and the same set-up and without disturbing the synchronization between the rotations of the grinding worm and workpiece maintained during the grinding of the first set of teeth, without risk of collision. This eliminates the need to reset the workpiece (1) between the machining of the two sets of teeth (2, 3), thereby shortening the overall machining time substantially, and allowing the avoidance of accuracy losses due to the resetting of the workpiece (1).

Abstract: A mechanical gear hob is equipped with an automatic stock divide device that enables the hob to cut or re-cut gear parts that already have teeth in them by automatically synchronizing the gear teeth to the hob cutter. The hob is equipped with a hob shift position sensor and a hob cutter rotary position sensor to input to a controller the lateral and rotary positions of the hob cutter. A stock divide sensor is mounted adjacent the worktable to determine the location of the gear teeth previously formed in the workpiece. A servomotor is mounted to the differential input shaft in the hob drive train and has a rotary position feedback to the controller as well. Stock divide is accomplished by an input to the differential, causing the workpiece to rotate relative to the hob cutter to bring the existing teeth on the workpiece into phase with the teeth of the hob cutter.

Abstract: A multi-spindle synchronous drive unit for synchronously driving a plurality of spindles, includes a plurality of motors for respectively driving the spindles, a plurality of encoders for respectively detecting rotational positions of the motors, a plurality of phase locked loop control units for respectively controlling a drive of the motors and for receiving as feedback signals detection signals respectively output by the encoders, a reference pulse oscillator for outputting a pulse signal, and a plurality of multipliers for multiplying the pulse signal by multiplication factors respectively corresponding to rotational speed ratios of the spindles and for respectively outputting speed command pulse signals to the phase locked loop control unit.

Abstract: Problems connected with control of the worktable in automatic gear cutting machinery are overcome by adoption of a drive system incorporating two speed reductions, the first of which a worm and wheel, the second consisting in a cylindrical gear pair with parallel shafts, one of the two members of which is backlash-compensating and split into two coaxial sections; the larger of the two cylindrical gears turns as one with the worktable.

Abstract: A tool spindle is driven by a motor and is connected to an angle of rotation transmitter. The signal of the transmitter connected to the tool spindle represents the desired value for the drive of a work piece spindle. The angle of rotation of the workpiece spindle is measured with another transmitter. A control deviation signal which is fed into a servo amplifier of the workpiece spindle drive via a controller is formed from both transmitter signals. A variable observer circuit into which the control deviation signal is also fed is arranged in parallel to the controller. The control deviation signal is stored sequentially in several sample and hold circuits by means of a multiplexer circuit during one tool revolution. The content of each sample and hold circuit is integrated by means of a respective integrator. During the following cycle, a correction signal, which is added to the output signal of the controller, is formed by sequential interrogation of the integrators by means of a demultiplexer circuit.

Abstract: The method is used for measuring and/or controlling the position of a rotating reference element of a machine tool as a function of the position of a rotating main guide element. The two elements execute a basic movement with a transmission ratio which is constant in the ideal case. From the elements executing the basic movements pulse sequences are derived and their frequencies are made equal. The reference element executes an additional movement which, compared with the basic movement, occurs slowly and is predetermined as a function of the position of another moving element. To superimpose the additional movement, at least one of the signals describing the basic movement is shifted in phase relative to the reference element and a phase comparison is executed between the signals obtained, in such a manner that the resolution of the phase shift is distinctly finer than the distance between adjacent pulses of the signals derived from the main guide element and from the reference element.

Abstract: A method and control system for gear cutting machines such as hobbing equipment, shaper cutters and bevel-cutting equipment for achieving greater accuracy, productivity, and gears of increased quality while eliminating error, tedious calculations, labor and product variation is provided by employing a control system and utilizing a method of gear cutting wherein optimum cutter efficiency is maintained by electronically monitoring and controlling cutter input power, cutter shift and workpiece feed or in an alternative embodiment by varying index drive and feed drive in response to inputs measured from the cutter or cutter motor to produce gears approaching the optimum theoretical calculated configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically causing a workpiece to engage a rotary tool. A pulse signal generated by rotating a reference workpiece is stored, and then a pulse signal generated by rotating a mounted workpiece is counted. The counted pulse signal and the stored pulse signal are compared, and when they coincide with each other, the workpiece is brought into engagement with the rotary tool. When the rotary tool is shifted, the stored pulse signal information is updated, and then a pulse signal generated by rotating a mounted workpiece is counted. If the updated stored pulse signal information land the counted pulse signal information are equal to each other, then the workpiece is taken into engagement with the rotary tool.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to make it possible to stop the relative movement of a cutter and a gear blank or change its speed during cutting in a numerical-controlled machine tool for cutting a gear, such as a gear hobbing machine, a gear grinding machine or the like. To perform this, two kinds of pulse distributors, i.e. a synchronization control pulse distributor (152) and a tooth profile forming pulse distributor (153) are provided; the synchronization between the rotation of a cutter (110) and the rotation of a gear blank is provided by the synchronization control pulse distributor (152); and an additional rotation of the rotary shaft of the gear blank necessary for forming the tooth profile of a gear is effected by the tooth profile forming pulse distributor (153).

Abstract: An apparatus for bringing a rotary grinding tool into mesh with a workpiece while minimizing a grinding resistance by the workpiece when the workpiece is to be ground by the rotary grinding tool. An electric power detector is associated with the rotary tool and a sensor is associated with the workpiece. A gate is opened by a peak current detected by the power detector when the workpiece and the grinding tool engage each other and a pulse signal from the sensor, engaging a clutch to connect the workpiece directly to a drive source in response to a signal supplied upon elapse of a prescribed interval of time through a delay circuit.

Abstract: In order to eliminate undulation errors in gear production wherein a generating motion of a gear-tooth flank of a gear fixed to a rotary table corresponding to an involute profile is induced by simultaneously imparting a predetermined rotary motion and a predetermined translatory motion to the rotary table, a reference ratio of these two speeds is determined, the momentary speeds of the table are measured and a momentary ratio is determined therefrom. A difference value is formed between the reference ratio and the momentary ratio. This difference value is first formed for each gear-tooth flank during one revolution and then stored in association with the momentary generating position of the gear and with the momentary stroke position of the gear-fabricating tool and only when the same gear-tooth flank is reached during a further revolution is the adjustment value of the gear-fabricating tool corrected by means of the stored difference values.

Abstract: A method and control system for gear cutting machines such as hobbing equipment, shaper cutters and bevel-cutting equipment for achieving greater accuracy, productivity, and gears of increased quality while eliminating error, tedious calculations, labor and product variation is provided by employing a control system and utilizing a method of hobbing wherein optimum hob cutter efficiency is maintained by electronically monitoring and controlling hob input power, hob shift and workpiece feed to produce gears approaching the optimum theoretical calculated configuration. The method of cutting gears and the control system provides for the production of more accurate gears by eliminating the use of cams in shaper cutters and the use of change gears in hobbing machines and by properly controlling hob shift to result in an increased hob cutter life and provide higher production of optimally designed gears.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for the synchronization of a gear machining instrument that works according to the hobbing method. It has different drives for the tool and the work-piece. In the process, a series of pulses are produced, dependent upon the rotational speed of each drive. The occurrence of the pulses are compared digitally resulting in an analog control signal for the adjustment of the work-piece drive.

Abstract: A device for controlling and positioning a carriage in a tool machine, in particular the feed carriage on a gear hobbing machine. The device utilizes cams oriented one after the other and which operate a plurality of switches to control the advance of the carriage. The end position of the carriage which is controlled by a control switch is determined by two cam carriages. The first cam carriage is positionable with a rough or coarse adjustment relative to the machine frame and the second cam carriage is finely adjustable relative to the first cam carriage. The cam carriages carry the aforementioned cams to effect a control of the movement of the feed carriage path adjacent the workpiece.

Abstract: Gear cutting apparatus comprises a hob 9 carried by a radial slide 1 and an axial slide 16, which are moved by independent d.c. motors 20 and 17. A main variable-speed motor 2 on the radial slide 1 is kinematically connected to the hob 9 and to a turntable 10 for the workpiece. The speed of movement of the axial slide is controlled by an electronic circuit which receives signals from dynamo-tachometers kinematically connected respectively to the turntable 10 and to the motor 17 moving the axial slide 16. The movement of the radial slide 1 is controlled in accordance with that of the axial slide 16 by another electronic circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the production of an additional rotational motion of a helically toothed gear workpiece in an electronically, positively controlled gear processing machine operating according to the hobbing method which has separate rotating drives for workpiece and tool. In this process, a series of impulses are supplied to a controller. These impulses are compared to each other for the production of a control signal for the readjustment of the workpiece drive. The series of impulses are dependent upon the rate of rotation of each of the drives. An additional signal is supplied which is derived from the longitudinal advance of the workpiece in relation to the tool.