Abstract: A two-cycle hot-gas engine comprising an expansion piston in a heatable cylinder member and a compression piston in a coolable cylinder member. The expansion piston and the compression piston are disposed along a common axis.

Abstract: An injection spraying system for mixing additives in controlled amounts to water for spraying, which improves handling and calibrating of the concentration of the mixture. The system includes a water tank, mixing globe, pump device, unloader chamber and a worm reduction element for reducing pumping of one gallon of water into one revolution of a drive shaft. The shaft extends through a clutch device and a plurality of injection chambers. The injection chambers supply and meter the amount of additives injected. Rotation of the shaft through the injection chambers loads a set amount of additives for suction into a mixing globe. The unloader chamber controls the spraying cycle and by-pass cycle of fluid flow through the system. The present invention provides a versatile injection spraying system for multiple tasks. The types and amounts of additives sprayed can be easily adjusted without requiring adjustments to sensitive metering or measuring devices.

Abstract: In a reciprocating pump, drive power of a drive-power supply member is transmitted to a diaphragm within a diaphragm drive chamber via operating fluid. An operating-fluid-flow regulation chamber for regulating the flow of operating fluid is located between the drive-power supply member and the diaphragm drive chamber. A first gas discharge member and a second gas discharge member are respectively located in an upper part of the inside of the operating-fluid-flow regulation chamber and an upper part of the inside of the diaphragm drive chamber. The first gas discharge member is held in fluid communication with the second gas discharge member so as to constitute a single gas discharge mechanism. This single gas discharge mechanism is provided with a reverse-flow prevention member for preventing a reverse flow of fluid from the first gas discharge member to the second gas discharge member.

Abstract: A fluidic pump (108) comprises an electrolyte cavity (110) and a pump outlet (115) fluidically coupled to the electrolyte cavity that are within at least a portion of a fluid guiding structure (105), two electrodes (112, 113) extending from the fluid guiding structure into the electrolyte cavity; and a vapor permeable membrane (120) that prevents an electrolyte (125) in the electrolyte cavity from passing through the pump outlet while allowing gas to flow through the pump outlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thick matter pump comprising at least two pump units alternating in the pump and suction mode, a delivery line, a suction line and a switching valve for switching between the pump units, one pump unit being connected in the pump mode by the switching valve to the delivery line, and one pump unit being connected to the suction line in the suction mode. The filling level of the pump unit in the suction mode is to be improved. To this end a pressure boosting device which acts independently of the pump units is provided in the area of the suction line for actively effecting a precompression of thick matter. The invention also relates to a suction/pumping method which is carried out by said thick matter pump.

Abstract: The invention relates to membrane pumps for delivering liquids. More specifically, a pump is provided having a pump housing with a pump cavity formed between first and second wall portions thereof, and an pump membrane pump membrane having first and second membrane surfaces arranged within the pump cavity, whereby a pump chamber is provided between the first wall portion and the first membrane surface, and an actuation chamber is provided between the second wall and the second membrane surface. Inlet means comprising an inlet valve in fluid communication with the pump chamber, and outlet means comprising an outlet valve in fluid communication with the pump chamber are provided. The pump membrane has a maximum volume position, and a drained volume position in which the first membrane surface in a stretched state abuts the first wall.

Abstract: A combustion-driven hydroelectric generating system has one or more combustion cylinders that contain a liquid (such as water) and receive a combustible fuel/oxidizer mixture that is ignited and the explosive force of the combustion acts on the surface of the liquid to transfer a metered slug of the liquid to a pressurized vessel containing a pressurized gas (preferably an inert gas). The pressurized liquid from the pressurized vessel serves as a “head of water” that can be used to operate a water wheel (Pelton wheel) or hydroelectric generator and perform other useful work. The transferred liquid is replaced in the combustion cylinders, another charge of the fuel/oxidizer is introduced and ignited and the process is repeated.

Abstract: A direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system is provided with a pump for pumping methanol into the cell. The pump is driven by carbon dioxide produced by the electro-chemical reaction at the anode of the fuel cell. Because the amount of CO2 generated is proportional to the power generated by the cell, and thus the amount of fuel demanded by the cell, the pump is self-regulating. The system may be integrated using microelectro-mechanical system fabrication techniques.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thick matter pump comprising at least two pump units alternating in the pump and suction mode, a delivery line, a suction line and a switching valve for switching between the pump units, one pump unit being connected in the pump mode by the switching valve to the delivery line, and one pump unit being connected to the suction line in the suction mode. The filling level of the pump unit in the suction mode is to be improved. To this end a pressure boosting device which acts independently of the pump units is provided in the area of the suction line for actively effecting a precompression of thick matter. The invention also relates to a suction/pumping method which is carried out by said thick matter pump.

Abstract: A fluid pump is provided that produces an outflow of fluid that is not proportional to the speed of the input drive. Thus, the fluid pump can be tuned to provide a substantially constant outflow of fluid irrespective of the speed of the input drive. The fluid pump also provides fluid outflow when the rotational direction of the input drive is reversed.

Abstract: A pump cylinder in which a pump plunger is guided which divides the cylinder into a forward and a rearward subspace, which, in the forward subspace, has a connection for taking in the fluid medium to be delivered, the rearward subspace of the pump cylinder containing one or several electrochemical gas consumption cells for a consumption gas, an electric circuit being provided which is constantly or temporarily connected with the electrodes of the gas consumption cell, is characterized in that the rearward part of the pump cylinder is filled with an electrochemical consumption gas, and the electric circuit is designed for causing a gas consumption current so that the pump cylinder forms a device for implementing a process for collecting pasty masses, liquids, gases and mobile objects for a previously determinable time period.

Abstract: A micropump including a chamber plate with connected pumping chambers for accepting small volumes of a fluid and a pumping structure. The pumping structure includes a flexible membrane, portions of which may be inflated into associated pumping chambers to pump the fluid out of the chamber or seal the chamber. A working fluid in cavities below the flexible membrane portions are used to inflate the membrane. The cavities may include a suspended heating element to enable a thermopneumatic pumping operation. The pumping chambers are shaped to closely correspond to the shape of the associated flexible membrane portion in its inflated state.

Abstract: A fluid pump is provided that produces an outflow of fluid that is not proportional to the speed of the input drive. Thus, the fluid pump can be tuned to provide a substantially constant outflow of fluid irrespective of the speed of the input drive. The fluid pump also provides fluid outflow when the rotational direction of the input drive is reversed.

Abstract: A refrigeration system has a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator connected in a loop to provide a refrigeration cycle designed for small heat loads of less than one kilowatt. The compressor has a first refrigerant compressor section connected in the loop for receiving low pressure refrigerant fluid from the evaporator and providing compressed refrigerant fluid to the condensor. A second, electrochemical gas compressor section has a gas output linked to the first compressor section for compressing the refrigerant fluid.

Abstract: The compact, easily useable metering pump results from a structure including a housing (20) with a pumping chamber (34) within the housing (20). A diaphragm (36) is located in the pumping chamber (34). An inlet includes a check valve (50) for allowing fluid to flow to one side of the diaphragm (36) but not the reverse and an outlet including a check valve (56) allows fluid to flow from the pumping chamber (34) but not into it. A pneumatically operated hydraulic pump (16) is located in the housing (20) and cycles the diaphragm (36).

Abstract: A Micro-Electro Mechanical device includes a movable mechanical structure and a bias mechanism. A bubble confinement region is defined by at least a portion of the movable mechanical structure. A bubble generation mechanism produces a bubble within the bubble confinement region. The bubble displaces the movable structure and alters the configuration of the bias mechanism, thereby producing useful work.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device and method to increase density of slurry transported by slurry pumping systems. A connection is made to the existing slurry pipeline so that a portion of slurry is drawn into the device. Multiple settling chambers are filled and pressurized by the slurry. Settling in these chambers segregates the processed slurry into a high density stream and a low density stream. The low density stream is returned to the slurry make up area. The high density stream is returned to mix with the unprocessed slurry remaining in the existing slurry pipeline. A computer processor controls the amount of low density slurry withdrawn so that the final slurry density and slurry velocity meet set point values.

Abstract: A combustion-driven hydroelectric generating system has one or more combustion cylinders that contain a liquid (such as water) and receive a combustible fuel/oxidizer mixture that is ignited and the explosive force of the combustion acts on the surface of the liquid to transfer a metered slug of the liquid to a pressurized vessel containing a pressurized gas (preferably an inert gas). The pressurized liquid from the pressurized vessel serves as a “head of water” that can be used to operate a water wheel (Pelton wheel) or hydroelectric generator and perform other useful work. The transferred liquid is replaced in the combustion cylinder, another charge of the fuel/oxidizer is introduced and ignited and the process is repeated.

Abstract: An engine is provided including a heat exchanger capable of providing a first temperature and a second temperature, wherein the first temperature and the second temperature are different so as to define a temperature differential. A component of the engine includes a chamber with liquid/vapor therein. In use, the heat exchanger is capable of subjecting the chamber to the first temperature source and the second temperature source in a reciprocating manner for affording a change in pressure which may be harnessed as work output.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell module has an outer shell of conductive material defining a cavity, an electrolytic membrane located in the cavity, first and second pervious electrodes located on opposite sides of the membrane, and a seal member located between the second electrode and the outer shell. Contacts for connecting a power source across the electrodes are provided on the second electrode and on the outer shell on the same side of the membrane as the second electrode, and the outer shell provides a current collector for the first electrode without requiring any external leads across the module.

Abstract: An electrochemically driven syringe pump for infusion of medicament wherein the pump has a detachable barrel in which medicament can be stored and subsequently infused. The pump is further adapted for storage as the charge transfer medium is sealed in a reservoir prior to activation.

Abstract: A liquid transfer system for liquids that are subject to solidification uses a pipeline, with compressed gas as the liquid displacement medium. The pipeline comprises a substantially rigid outer line and a flexible inner hose, forming with the outer line an intermediate interstitial zone along the inner hose; a check valve located adjacent each end of the inner hose provides uni-directional flow within the system. A gas compressor connected with the interstitial zone by way of a flow control selectively applies pressurized gas or vacuum to the zone. The three possible phases of operation comprise; a first phase, when vacuum is applied to the interstitial zone, to expand the inner hose and induce liquid from the source to substantially fill the inner hose; a second phase when gas pressure is applied to the interstitial zone, to compress the inner hose and expel the liquid toward the point of delivery. The first and second phases are repeatable, to provide cumulative delivery of the liquid.

Abstract: A liquid material dispenser, for use, for example, in dispensing liquid medicine over an extended period of time, which includes a housing (10) enclosing a reservoir (12) for storing the liquid to be dispensed and having an outlet (14) through which the liquid is dispensed, and a connecting passageway (16) between the reservoir and the outlet. Located in the passageway is a diaphragm (18), one side of which defines a pumping chamber (20) and the other side of which defines a pressure control chamber (22). The diaphragm (18) is cyclically displaceable through a pumping stroke for pumping liquid through the outlet (14) and a drawing stroke for drawing liquid from the reservoir (12). Also located in the passageway (16) are a pair of valves (30, 33) which serve, during the drawing stroke, to cause the diaphragm (18) to draw liquid from the reservoir (12) into the pumping chamber (20), and during the pumping stroke, to cause the diaphragm (18) to pump liquid from the pumping chamber (20) through the outlet (14).

Abstract: A fluid pump for displacing a small, precise volume of fluid for each pump stroke, particularly where the fluid to be displaced is a liquid containing dissolved gas. The precise volume of fluid to be displaced is adjustable to any selected amount up to the full displacement of the pump. The pump has instrumentation that indicates a seal failure within the pump, thus allowing for maintenance on the pump before a total failure. This instrumentation results in increased safety when the pump is used to inject odorant into a natural gas pipeline or in other precision chemical injection applications.

Abstract: A compressor integral with a Stirling engine having a pressure space comprises a housing, a partition wall provided in the housing, a first pressure chamber defined in the housing at one side of the partition wall and connected with the pressure space of the Stirling engine, and a second pressure chamber defined in the housing at the other side of the partition wall and connected with the first pressure chamber via an orifice. A rod passes through the partition wall and has a first end and a second end located in the first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber, respectively. A third pressure chamber is defined by a first plate which is connected to the first end of the rod and a first bellows located between the first plate and the partition wall. A fourth pressure chamber is defined by a first plate which is connected to the second end of the rod and a second bellows located between the second plate and the partition wall.

Abstract: A system for utilizing the expansion of water as the water is transformed from a liquid state to a solid state includes a rigid outer container and a flexible inner bladder received centrally within the outer container. Hydraulic fluid is received within bladder, and water is disposed between the bladder and outer container. The hydraulic fluid is pressurized as the water is lowered in temperature to a freezing temperature. The pressurized fluid may be stored for selective release from the bladder to produce work utilizing the energy of the pressure within the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A fluid-flow regulating device is comprised of (a) a plurality of driving mechanisms each of which has a chamber, a diaphragm disposed at an opening of the chamber, a light-heat conversion substance accommodated in the chamber, and an operating fluid stored in the chamber, (b) a fluid-flow passage along which the plurality of driving mechanisms are arranged in such a manner that each of the diaphragm is opposed to the fluid-flow passage, (c) a plurality of optical fibers corresponding to the plurality of the chambers, and (d) a controller having a plurality of optical sources corresponding to the plurality of optical fibers which are set to be turned on and turned off in order to move an amount of fluid through the fluid-flow passage in any one of the normal and the reverse directions.

Abstract: A method for supplying at different pressures natural gas from a gas field under control of a continuous gas flow and the field pressure thereof and an apparatus for carrying out the method. The gas flow is received directly in and contained in two separate volumes constructed as a first variable volume and a second variable volume which are each cyclically varied in size synchronously by alternately increasing and decreasing the size of a corresponding volume under control of the gas flow. The increasing of the first volume effects a pressure reduction of the gas received therein for delivery to a distribution network at a reduced pressure. Reducing the size of the first volume discharges the gas at the reduced pressure and the cyclical varying of size alternately reducing and increasing thereof of the second volume under control of the gas flow effects increasing of the gas pressure to a desired higher pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus for injecting dye in a fuel flow line is disclosed. The apparatus includes a fluid powered motor adapted for placement in a fuel flow line, a dye reservoir and a fluid injector connected between the reservoir and the flow line and driven by the fluid powered motor. The fluid powered motor, dye reservoir, and fluid injector are all housed within a container having a thermostatically controlled heater disposed in it. The arrangement insures that the temperature of dye applied to the fuel flow line is maintained above a certain level during cold weather, thereby preventing the viscosity of the dye from rising above a certain level and preventing clogging and fouling of the dye delivery system which may be caused by high viscosity of the dye.

Abstract: A liquid chromatographic method and apparatus is disclosed which employs an improved pump not requiring driven pistons or sliding seals. The pump comprises at least one length of tubing forming a chamber disposed between first and second check valves, controllable heating means to periodically heat liquid in said chamber effective to pump relatively low volumes of liquid from the chamber at relatively high pressures, means for measuring the pressure developed by the pump, and control means to increase and decrease the amount of heat imparted to the liquid to maintain the pump operation at a controlled pressure setpoint.

Abstract: A high efficiency solar powered water pumping system (10) includes a solar collector (12) for heating and vaporizing a working fluid. The vaporized working fluid is passed to a motor and valve assembly (20) that alternatively delivers the working fluid to a power unit (22) and exhausts the working fluid from the power unit to a condenser (32). The power unit has a driving member (128) that moves up and down driving a sucker rod (194) of a sucker rod assembly (26) which raises water from a well in the earth. The water pumped from the ground passes through a tube (36) in the condenser. The working fluid which has been exhausted from the power unit into the condenser, condenses to a liquid. The liquid working fluid is then pumped from the condenser by a positive displacement pump (40) and is returned to the solar collector to repeat the cycle.

Abstract: A solar powered water pump combines an evacuated tubular solar collector array for heating air with a diaphragm type pump by providing an internal heat exchanger in the manifold of the collector array. The heat exchanger uses heat from the heated air to generate steam from water. The steam from the heat exchanger is used to drive the diaphragm pump. Another heat exchange medium such as freon or ammonia can be used in place of water.

Abstract: An improved heat-powered pump comprising two variable-volume fluid-containing systems located within two rigid walled containers, a pumping container and a condensing container. Each variable volume system is composed of a first variable volume chamber located within the pumping container, a second variable volume chamber located within the condensing container and a fluid conducting means interconnecting the first and second variable volume chambers. The fluid to be pumped occupies one of the two above-described systems and a quantity of a volatile working fluid which changes between its liquid and vaporous states during a normal pumping cycle occupies the other of the two systems. Finally a heat source is provided for vaporizing the volatile liquid and a heat sink is provided for condensing the volatile liquid vapor.

Abstract: A non-step transmission comprises a housing for storing hydraulic fluid therein, a driving shaft rotatably provided in the housing, a driven shaft rotatably provided in the housing in a coaxial position with the driving shaft, a first pump case rotatably provided about the driving shaft and having a fluid intake port and a fluid discharge port, a second pump case fixed on the housing, the second pump case encasing the driven shaft and having a fluid intake port and a fluid discharge port, an opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the fluid intake port and the fluid discharge port, and gear pump mechanisms provided within the first and second pump cases, respectively. The simply constructed non-stage transmission can efficiently transmit a large torque from the driving shaft to the driven shaft.

Abstract: The invention uses a fluid stored at a low pressure and provides the fluid at a high pressure. The invention allows the low pressure fluid to flow to a fluid bore of a differential pump and from the pump to a fluid pressure regulator. After flowing through the regulator the fluid is converted to a gas which is directed to a gas bore of the differential pump. By controlling the flow of gas entering and being exhausted from the gas bore, the invention provides pressure to the fluid. By setting the regulator, the high pressure fluid can be set at predetermined values. Because the invention only needs a low pressure fluid, the inventive apparatus has a low mass, and therefore would be useful in rocket propulsion systems.

Abstract: A self contained, self charging automatic hydraulic activation mechanism (AHAM) for a superconducting energy magnetic storage (SMES) system is disclosed. The AHAM is operatively coupled to arc activated switches disposed across a superconducting coil to automatically close the switches upon a coolant dump. The arc activated switches are also self actuating and close in response to arcing across the switch contacts or across spark gaps provided on the switches.

Abstract: A free-piston compressor which has a cylinder, a compressor piston disposed movably in the cylinder, thereby first and second chambers being formed in the cylinder, a low pressure pipe coupled to the first chamber through which pipe, low pressure fluid flows, a high pressure pipe coupled to the first chamber through which, high pressure fluid flows, two valves coupled between the low pressure and high pressure pipes, and the second chamber, a control device for controlling the two valves in a manner that a dead point position of the compressor piston is kept at a target point, and driving means for driving the compressor piston.

Abstract: A liquid chromatographic method and apparatus is disclosed which employs an improved pump not requiring driven pistons or sliding seals. The pump comprises at least one length of tubing forming a chamber disposed between first and second check valves, controllable heating means to periodically heat liquid in said chamber effective to pump relatively low volumes of liquid from the chamber at relatively high pressures, means for measuring the pressure developed by the pump, and control means to increase and decrease the amount of heat imparted to the liquid to maintain the pump operation at a controlled pressure setpoint.

Abstract: A solar deep well steam pump has a solar collector, a steam boiler in the collector's focus, a deep well bladder pump having an actuating tube and a water delivery tube, and a mechanism periodically injecting steam under pressure from the boiler into the actuating tube of the bladder pump, the mechanism having an expansion chamber connected to the actuating tube of the bladder pump, a long period pendulum swinging by gravity to a first position, a steam injection valve between the boiler and the expansion chamber, the steam injection valve being opened by the pendulum in the first position, an impulse bladder connected to the expansion chamber so that steam pressure in the expansion chamber inflates the impulse bladder against the pendulum in the first position to urge the pendulum against the force of gravity toward a second position, an exhaust valve leading from the expansion chamber to the atmosphere, the exhaust valve being opened by the pendulum in the second position, the injection of steam into the ex

Abstract: A compressed gas engine is adapted for pumping ground water. The engine is powered by a low temperature heat source provided with a hydridable metal and hydrogen arranged operatively in a sealed loop to drive a piston. The piston is coupled magnetically to a pump piston for conjoined motion therewith. The engine is cooled by means of pumped water. A rack and pinion arrangement rides one of the pistons for electric generation.

Abstract: A compact, portable cryogenic system for powering portable gas-driven tools having a container which includes an outer vacuum casing and an inner container with each having small, openings at their top connected together forming an evacuable space between the outer casing and the inner container. Material to inhibit heat transfer through the evacuable space is included in the space between the outer casing and the inner container. The openings of the inner container are closed with gas-tight closures fastened to the outer vacuum casing. The gas-tight closures can carry, through the single openings in the inner container, means to admit cryogenic liquid or withdraw cryogenic liquid from the inner container and means to admit heat to the inner container as may be desired. Warming coils positioned on the outer vacuum casing of the container communicate with the inner container and the flow of gas from the warming coils may be controlled by an adjustable pressure regulator.

Abstract: The invention is a solar-powered, Rankine cycle, two fluid engine useable for many functions, especially for pumping liquids from the ground such as water or oil in remote locations. The engine driven by heat energy collected in standard collectors or in solar ponds utilizes a heated fluid such as water to transfer the heat from the collectors to a tank where a volatile working medium is transformed into a pressurized vapor. The heated working medium is then fed to a double acting cylinder where work is extracted from the working medium. The engine's valving is controlled by electric switches. The storage batteries are continuously charged by solar energy. If the source of energy is heat collected by standard collectors, a tracking device for the collectors, also driven by solar power, is incorporated in order to attain high collection efficiencies. The engine is used to drive either mechanical or hydraulic pumping devices.

Abstract: A pump is disclosed in which high pressure air overcomes a valve spring and displaces a flexible partition to isolate a pump fluid volume. The pressure air then drives the fluid along a conduit.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a thermal pumping system based upon the action of a temperature-sensitive evaporating-condensing expansion liquid for dosing liquid products from a supply container into a washing machine comprising a discharge line having an aeration point above the maximal liquid level of the supply container. The invention provides a fully automatic temperature-triggered pumping system which is self-priming.

Abstract: The invention is a solar-powered, Rankine cycle, two fluid, engine useable for many functions, especially for pumping liquids from the ground such as water or oil in remote locations. The engine driven by heat energy collected in standard collectors or in solar ponds utilizes a heated fluid such as water to transfer the heat from the collectors to a tank where a volatile working medium is transformed into a pressurized vapor. The heated working medium is then fed to a double acting cylinder where work is extracted from the working medium. The engine is a rather slow moving engine, with the valving controlled by electric switches which are driven by storage batteries. The storage batteries are continuously charged by solar energy. If the source of energy is heat collected by standard collectors, a tracking device for the collectors, also driven by solar power, is incorporated in order to attain high collection efficiencies. The engine is used to drive either mechanical or hydraulic pumping devices.

Abstract: An improved drug dispenser for the pulsatile or peristaltic delivery of drugs. The drug dispenser includes a fluid reservoir for storing the drug to be dispensed, an electrochemical pump for pumping the drug from the fluid reservoir, and a pump valve responsive to the pump pressure such that when the pump pressure reaches some predetermined value, the pump valve releases the pressure exerted upon the drug. The result is a low cost, low weight ad efficient drug dispenser for the pulsatile delivery of drugs.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting low level thermal radiation into mechanical work. The apparatus incorporates a collector (11) to receive and concentrate low level thermal energy to generate a pressure by vaporizing a working fluid. An expansible chamber (70), having at least one movable wall, defined by a diaphragm (54), is selectively in fluid communication with the collector (11). A movable piston (61) is operatively associated with the movable wall of the expansible chamber (70). A connecting rod (71) is secured at one end to the movable piston (61); the other end of the connecting rod (71) is suitable for connecting to a mechanical load. A valve spool (73), slidably associated about the surface of the connecting rod (71) effects fluid communication of the expansible chamber (70) alternately with the collector (11) and an exhaust chamber (124), the latter having a pressure substantially less than the work pressure of the collector (11).

Abstract: A temperature-difference-actuated pump is disclosed which does not require the use of electrically operated solenoid valves or the like, making the inventive pump especially useful in locations where electricity is not readily available. Either one or two pump chambers is provided, in which is disposed a pumping element such as a flexible bag or piston. One side of each chamber is connected selectively to a boiler or condenser through a mechanically operated switch deriving its working power from the pumping element. The other side of the chamber is utilized to provide the pumping action, either directly or via a noncondensable fluid.

Abstract: An arrangement for elevating liquid by the use of solar and/or wind energy having a pipe immersed in a liquid, a pipe directed upwardly from the surface of liquid and interconnection for entrapment of liquid, with a pressure differential and an air passage formed alternately and repetitively during presence of solar and/or wind energy, is additionally provided with an air purging element formed as a hydraulic valve with upper and lower interconnected pipes of which the upper pipe has an outlet located above the liquid level.

Abstract: Vapor powered pump assembly for emergency use. The assembly comprises a pump, a vapor powered engine, a container for storing a volatile propellant in liquid form under pressure, a heat exchanger for transferring heat from the fluid (usually a liquid) being pumped to the propellant, and means for delivering propellant vapors from the heat exchanger to the engine. The container for propellant may be either a plurality of tubes, each closed at one end, inside the heat exchanger as in FIG. 1, or a separate vessel as in FIG. 2.