Abstract: Apparatus for cooling pliant film bearings of turbomachinery or the like and for protecting such bearings against heat transfer from the turbine side of the machinery. The turbomachine incorporates a hollow shaft for better cooling. Embodiments of the invention circulate cooling air through the interior of the hollow shaft and provide various structural configurations to thermally isolate the bearing shaft from the turbine wheel.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a rotating shaft which is supported within the turbocharger center housing by rotational bearing elements. The bearing cartridge is located axially within the housing 14 by a pin which extends through orifices drilled in the center housing and in the bearing outer ring. The pin is relatively smooth, so that excursions of the bearing cartridge assembly with the shaft is permitted when the shaft is accelerated through critical rotational speeds. These excursions are damped by lubricating fluid communicated into grooves circumscribing the bearing outer ring through lubrication passages extending through the pin. The lubricating fluid in the grooves communicates into the intersticial space defined between the outer ring of the bearing cartridge assembly and the center housing to thereby dampen the excursions of the bearing cartridge assembly.

Abstract: A shaft seal arrangement of a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine having a throttle valve disposed upstream of a compressor of the turbocharger. The shaft seal arrangement is comprised of first and second seal rings fitted on a cylindrical thrust spacer mounted on a rotatable shaft on which turbine and compresser wheels are mounted. The first and second rings are located spaced from each other and positioned between the compressor and bearings for the rotatable shaft. An annular air chamber is formed between the first and second seal rings and supplied with atmospheric air through an air supply passage.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes first and second turbines each having a turbine scroll for introducing exhaust gases from an engine, a first rotatable shaft having one end coupled to the first turbine and the other end to a compressor, a second rotatable shaft coupled to the second turbine, with a rotary electric machine mounted on the second rotatable shaft, and a clutch disposed between the first and second rotatable shafts, for selectively connecting and disconnecting the first and second rotatable shafts. The clutch is selectively engaged and disengaged and the rotary electric machine is operated selectively as a motor and a generator for effective recovery of exhaust gases emitted from the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas driven turbocharger includes a housing, and a shaft rotatably supporting a compressor wheel and a turbine wheel for rotation within the housing. A cartridge ball bearing assembly supports the shaft for rotation relative to the housing and includes a bearing outer ring, a bearing inner ring, and roller bearing elements supporting the inner ring for rotation relative to the outer ring. The inner ring is mounted on the shaft by axially spaced faying surfaces, the length of which are controlled to minimize heat transfer from the shaft to the bearing assembly while assuring the necessary stiffness of the assembly.

Abstract: A fluid injection system is disclosed. The fluid injection system incorporates an injection pump comprising an adjustable restriction device that is used to control the extent of the movement of the pumping mechanism in the injection pump. An adjustable gauge and an adjustable marker are used to accurately calibrate and accurately position the adjustable restriction device. When the adjustable restriction device is accurately calibrated and correctly positioned, a precise amount of additive is injected into the pipeline.

Abstract: Nozzle shafts and a nozzle drive mechanism are disposed on the side of a bearing casing and a compressor whose temperatures are lower than that of a turbine, and elements slidable in the radial direction of the turbine wheel are eliminated from the nozzle drive mechanism so that any adverse effects due to oxidization at high temperatures and slide wear can be eliminated. Thus durability and reliability of the device can be improved.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a backplate separate from both the center housing and the turbine housing which is clamped between the latter by tie bolts extending across the center housing so that the tensile/shear forces transmitted through the head of the tie bolt are taken on the relatively cool compressor side of the center housing. The turbine backplate, since it is a separate member, may be made from a material having a relatively low thermal conductivity, thereby serving as a heat barrier between the turbine section and the center housing of the turbocharger. The separate backplate permits manufacture of the center housing by an inexpensive die casting process. An oil splash shield cooperates with the turbine backplate to prevent oil from splashed against the warm parts of the assembly, and also cooperates with the turbine backplate to define a chamber therebetween that also further increases thermal insulation of the center housing from the relatively warm turbine housing.

Abstract: An improved compressor wheel assembly for a turbocharger or the like includes a centrifugal compressor wheel having a boreless hub to substantially improve wheel fatigue life. The compressor wheel is formed as by casting to include an integral and internally threaded mounting sleeve extending coaxially from the boreless hub. In the assembly, the mounting sleeve extends through an opening in a compressor backplate for threaded connection to a turbocharger shaft, with a thrust collar spacer being interposed between axially facing shoulders defined respectively on the mounting sleeve and shaft to ensure accurate axial positioning of the components. An annular seal flange on the thrust collar spacer extends axially into the backplate opening in generally concentric spaced relation about the mounting sleeve. This seal flange is adapted to carry one or more seal rings for engaging the backplate, thereby sealing the passage of the mounting sleeve and shaft through the backplate opening.

Abstract: An exhaust gas driven turbocharger includes a center housing comprising a circumferentially extending annular wall enclosing a cavity in which the bearings supporting the turbocharger shaft are mounted. The center housing also includes a separate hollow annular member, which extends circumferentially around the shaft and extends radially from the circumferentially extending wall to the shaft. A cavity is defined within the hollow annular member, which receives coolant from the vehicle coolant system, to thereby control heat transfer from the turbine to the center housing and the bearings contained therewithin.

Abstract: An improved turbocharger assembly is provided wherein the turbocharger components can be assembled quickly and easily along a single axis and at a single work station without requiring inversion or other special handling of partially assembled components. The turbocharger assembly includes a center housing and associated rotating components adapted to mount in stacked succession onto a turbine housing, followed by installation of a compressor housing to complete the turbocharger assembly.

Abstract: An improved boreless compressor wheel and method for making same by utilizing an internally threaded nut member. The compressor wheel is either cast about the nut, or includes a cup friction welded to the compressor wheel, and carrying the nut member.

Abstract: In a supercharger, a pair of oil film dampers are installed by way of oil films on an inner circumferential wall of a bearing housing and respectively install thereon ball bearings for a rotor shaft. A hollow, generally cylindrical thrust member selectively abuts at the opposite axial ends upon the dampers, whereby to hold the oil film dampers, the ball bearings and therefore the rotor shaft in place relative to the bearing housing. The thrust member is fixed to the bearing housing by a pin received in a tangential groove of the thrust member, i.e., a groove elongated in parallel to a tangential line of a circular cross section of the thrust member.

Abstract: A high-speed motor/generator drivable by a turbine includes a rotor mounted on the shaft of the turbine. Since the magnetic flux produced by the magnet of the rotor vary at a high frequency, a ferrite core of good high frequency characteristics is employed as a stator core confronting the rotor to reduce a high-frequency loss. To improve the flux density and magnetic permeability of the ferrite core (which one poorer than those of a core of silicon steel plates), the magnet of the rotor has a number of magnetic poles to increase the frequency at which the magnetic flux is varied, so that the electromotive force produced is increased.

Abstract: A resilient shaft mounting for a pump includes one or more sets of leaf plates bearing inwardly from an inner surface of a tube and pressing a resilient bushing on a rotatable shaft. Three plates can each be disposed by their ends to press inwardly against a bushing formed by a water lubricated rubber tube operating as an anti-frictional contact element. The plates are larger than the internal diameter of the tube, and are welded together at their ends. Upon placing the plates in the tube, the plates deform inwardly against the tube to accomplish a tight yet resilient mounting.

Abstract: A drive system with a combustion engine also has a turbo-charger with a shaft supported by sleeve bearings in a housing. The housing is connected to the cooling water circulating circuit of the drive system for cooling the sleeve bearings and the housing of the turbo-charger shaft simultaneously with cooling the engine. A water pump wheel is mounted on the shaft in the housing for circulating the cooling water through the bearings, through the housing, and through the cooling circuit of the combustion engine, whereby the supply of cooling water to the sleeve bearings is load dependent.

Abstract: A turbocharger with a rotary electric machine has a permanent magnet, nonmagnetized metallic member, or surfaces of different light reflectivities fixed upon a rotatable member of the turbocharger, as a detectable means. The detectable means is disposed in a position corresponding to the angular position of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet rotor of the rotary electric machine. A detecting means is disposed in a position coacting with the detectable means for detecting the angular position of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet rotor. A shield means is provided for preventing the detectable means from being adversely affected by magnetic fields, oil, and dust, so that a detected signal of a high S/N raio can be produced for accurately detecting the angular position of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet rotor as it rotates.

Abstract: A turbocharger comprises a compressor housing, a turbine housing, and a central housing with a shaft rotatably supported therein. The shaft supports on its respective opposite ends a compressor wheel and a turbine wheel that are rotatably disposed in the compressor housing and the turbine housing, respectively. The central housing has a large water jacket near the turbine housing and substantially coextensive therewith for storing cooling water to cool bearings which support the shaft. The turbine housing accommodates a shroud including a vane holder on which fixed and movable vanes are alternately supported for directing exhaust gases to the turbine wheel through variable restrictions. The vane holder or base plate has a radially outer flange and an annular boss which position the shroud axially and radially with respect to the central housing.

Abstract: A two-flow-passage type exhaust gas driven turbocharger, in which a scroll portion in a casing is divided by an annular partition to form two flow passages, the turbo-charger being constructed so that the difference between the temperature of the outer surface of the portion of the casing to which the partition is fixed and that of the partition can be minimized so as to reduce the thermal strain in the partition and thereby prevent thermal fatigue cracks from occurring therein.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed which ensures that a rotor-shaft assembly is in rotational balance after assembly of the individually balanced components by preventing the creation of any imbalance during assembly. The rotor member is formed with an annular groove about the nose portion at a point near its mounting face, which during assembly is crimped before any shaft bending occurs, thereby eliminating any rotor-shaft imbalance.

Abstract: The critical speed of a bearing supported rotating shaft is changed or controlled by dimensioning the oil squeeze film damper so that the volumen of oil is selected to produce a spring rate that when added to the mechanical spring rate will attain the overall spring rate of the system. The spring rate of the oil becomes effective when the volume is at a predetermined value which is at a level higher than heretofore known oil squeeze film dampers.

Abstract: In a metal-ceramic combination wherein a monobloc ceramic member comprising a base, a protrusion integrally formed on the base and an easement portion on and around the root of the protrusion, is combined with a metallic member, an improved combination having an excellent strength in total is obtained by fitting the protrusion tightly into a recession or conduit of the metallic member, leaving clearance of 0.5 mm or more between the easement portion and a defined edge of joint interface of the said two members. The combination of the invention is particularly useful for engine parts to be subjected to high temperatures and repeated stresses such as a turbocharger rotor, piston, tappet, rocker arm, exhaust valve, cam and the like.

Abstract: An exhaust gas driven turbocharger includes a shaft rotatably mounted in a housing by a bearing assembly. A compressor wheel and a turbine wheel are mounted on opposite ends of the shaft. Exhaust gasses are directed to the upstream side of the turbine wheel by an inlet scroll defined between one end of the housing and the turbine wheel. A collector chamber is defined between the downstream side of the turbine wheel and the portion of the housing within which the bearings are mounted. Accordingly, the relatively cooler exhaust gasses on the downstream side of the turbocharger are adjacent the bearings, thereby minimizing heat transfer unto the bearings. Flow through the turbine wheel is in substantially an axial direction.

Abstract: The invention is in a double chambered turbine housing and seal that includes separate exhaust gas inlet and exhaust chambers and a turbine chamber (11) and (12) combined in a single housing (10), and provides a ball segment (29) that is secured to an exhaust inlet line (28) for telescoping within an open collar end (13) of the inlet chamber, the exhaust inlet line interior wall and collar inner surface to align so as to minimize a production of turbulence in an exhaust gas flow therethrough, which inlet chamber (11) from the collar (13) maintains a constant cross-section through a dogleg bend to a throat (14) of a scroll volute (15), the inlet chamber walls angled uniformly through the dogleg bend to minimize a creation of turbulence in that flow.

Abstract: A compact double-stage turbocompressor unit having a compressor section with two-stage, radially aligned rotors that are counter rotated and a turbine section with two-stage, radially aligned rotors that are counter rotated, the rotors of the low pressure compressor and turbine sections being interconnected and the rotors of the high pressure compressor and turbine sections being interconnected.

Abstract: An electric generator for use in a turbocharger includes a rotor mounted on the rotational shaft of the turbocharger and comprising a single permanent magnet fitted in an outer cylindrical sleeve which prevents the rotor from breakage upon high-speed rotaiton thereof. The rotor also includes heat insulation between the permanent magnet and the rotational shaft. The heat insulation portion may be an air gap or a heat insulating member.

Abstract: A bearing support of the rotor of an exhaust gas turbocharger with two inwardly disposed roller bearings in which, to assure a long length of life of the bearing, the roller members of the bearings are pressed constantly against their races so that they roll off along the same in a defined manner and no wear occurs as a result of sliding or load changes. The abutment forces which act at the bearings are produced by one or several pneumatic cylinders whose pressure spaces are preferably in connection with a gas space of the compressor. As the magnitude of the charging pressure of the compressor is dependent on the rotational speed, the abutment forces are also variable with the rotational speed. The piston surfaces of the pressure cylinders are so matched that at low rotational speeds as low as possible a bearing friction loss results whereas the abutment forces are still sufficiently high to assure a damage-free bearing operation.

Abstract: An improved suspension for a pivoting vane actuation mechanism is incorporated into a variable nozzle turbicharger in order to prevent vane binding. The mechanism includes a plurality of rotatable vanes mounted to a nozzle ring and a means for rotating the plurality of vanes. The nozzle ring and the means for rotating are coupled together so that thermal growth does not cause misalignment of the two.

Abstract: The rotating components of an exhaust gas driven turbocharger are supported by a pair of axially separated ball bearings having an outer race and an inner race. A spacer between the bearings engages the outer race of both bearings and exerts a preload bias on the outer races of the bearings urging the outer races away from one another. Accordingly the bearings are preloaded so that centrifugal forces generated during high speed operation will not force the ball bearing away from the inner races.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling and thermally isolating turbocompressor foil bearings. The bearing journal includes a hollow shaft through which gas is positively circulated to cool the shaft. A slinger at one end of the shaft develops a centrifugal pumping action during operation of the turbocompressor by virtue of a plurality of radially directed gas passages. Pressurized gas may be introduced from the compressor into the interior of the hollow shaft and, after traversing the shaft, returned to the compressor. The invention includes arrangements for protecting the bearing against combustion products which may leak past turbine wheel seals by removing such combustion products before they can reach the bearing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display tube which is cooled by a flow of a translucent cooling liquid through a sealed space adjacent the display window, stimulated by a fluid-driven pump having two chambers, a drive chamber driven by a remotely located active electric motor driven pump, and a pump chamber responsive to the drive chamber and connected to the sealed space. Fields generated by the motor of the electric pump do not interfere with the operation of the display tube.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine operated with a fuel mixture having exhaust gas turbo charging. To inhibit carbon fouling of the exhaust gas turbine, a turbine wheel housing is arranged inside the exhaust manifold. To balance the resultant heating of the turbo charger compressor, the cooling system of the engine is directed so as to cool the compressor housing and intake manifold. The intake manifold system and exhaust system are tuned to the engine so as to set up periodic vibrations which provide dynamic charging and rinsing of the cylinder.

Abstract: In order to prevent losses of lubricant in the bearing housing of the high-pressure stage of an exhaust-gas turbocharger for two-stage supercharging, the interior space of the bearing housing is conductively connected via a blocking air ring duct, pipes connected to the latter and a balancing pipe, to the low pressure boost air pipe in front of the high-pressure compressor. An alternate connection between the bearing housing and the low-pressure boost air pipe may be made via an oil return pipe to a lubricating oil tank and a balancing pipe between the lubricating oil tank and the low-pressure boost air pipe.

Abstract: A turbocharger housing comprises a central housing portion having means for rotatably supporting the turbocharger shaft and a pair of end housing portions adapted to be bolted to the central housing portion at mating annular surfaces of each housing portion. In one advantageous form of the present invention, the end housing portions include a recessed wall for defining a flow passageway adjacent a radially expanded wall portion of the central housing, and a plurality of vanes are integrally formed on the end housing portion to extend outwardly from the recessed wall toward a mating annular surface on the central housing portion. One or more sets of radially spaced mating annular surfaces provides a secure engagement between the end housing portions and the central housing portion. Moreover, the end plates are removably secured to the central housing portion so that the turbocharger mechanism can be removed as a unit with the central housing portion.

Abstract: An exhaust gas turbocharger comprising a bearing sleeve (26) for radially bearingly mounting a shaft (14), which sleeve is arranged in a bore (36) of a bearing housing (6) and is secured against rotation. The sleeve (26) has an inner bearing surface (34) and an outer jacket surface (32) at each of its two axial end regions, whereby lubricant present in the gap between the sleeve (26) and the bore (36) achieves a damping effect. With a thin shaft and at high rotational speeds, the exhaust gas turbocharger should have a high degree of functional reliability. It is proposed that the sleeve (26) be subdivided into two axially spaced bearing bushings (20, 22) which are connected to each other by small and substantially rigidly formed bridges (24). The securing devices comprise a rod (46) which lies in contact with one of the bridges (24) and serves only to prevent rotation of the sleeve (26) which otherwise can carry out free floating movements.

Abstract: A turbocharger of the present invention is provided with a thermo-reducing means between the turbine housing and the bearing housing in order to reduce the heat transferred from the turbine housing to the bearing housing. The thermo-reducing means comprises a thermo-isolating means such as an annular member made of a low heat conductive material. Also, the annular member contacts with the wall of the turbine housing which has a high thermal resistance, so that the heat transferred from the turbine housing to the connecting portion is reduced. The thermo-reducing means also comprises a sensible heat reducing means which is composed of a layer made of a low conductive material, on the inner surface of the wall of the turbine housing, preventing the heat transferred from the exhaust gas to the wall, and a layer made of a high emissive material, on the outer surface of the wall of the turbine housing radiating out the heat effectively.

Abstract: An air operated pump and motor unit with a rotor head assembly, an impeller head assembly, and a spacer tube unit disposed between these assemblies. The impeller head includes a pumping chamber and a liquid impeller assembly, and the rotor head includes a rotor housing, a cover assembly, and a rotor element. The rotor has a hub carrying a drive shaft and the rotor includes a plurality of radially extending blades and a spider unit joining the rotor hub to the blade carrier. The rotor hub and the spider lie adjacent the inner end of the housing and the carrier lies adjacent the cover, so that the rotor subdivides the rotor chamber into upstream and downstream chambers communicating with each other through passages in the spider. In use, the air passes from the upstream chamber to the downstream chamber through the openings in the spider and from the downstream chamber to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A turbocharger having a plurality of adjustable vanes for varying gas flow to the turbine impeller of the turbocharger so as to vary the output power of the turbine. In a preferred embodiment, the turbocharger comprises a turbine empeller and a compressor impeller mounted for rotation on a common shaft. The turbocharger also includes a inlet turbine housing defining a volute shaped toroid about the periphery of the turbine impeller and having a generally circular opening forming a mating surface. An outlet turbine housing is secured to the turbine inlet housing and projects into the opening of the turbine inlet housing so as to define at least one bore. The turbocharger includes at least one vane comprising an airfoil portion, and integral shaft portion projecting from the airfoil portion, and an actuating arm portion extending from the shaft portion and having an integral pin portion.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling and thermally isolating turbocompressor foil bearings. The bearing journal includes a hollow shaft through which gas is positively circulated to cool the shaft. A slinger at one end of the shaft develops a centrifugal pumping action during operation of the turbocompressor by virtue of a plurality of radially directed gas passages. Pressurized gas may be introduced from the compressor into the interior of the hollow shaft and, after traversing the shaft, returned to the compressor. The invention includes arrangements for protecting the bearing against combustion products which may leak past turbine wheel seals by removing such combustion products before they can reach the bearing.

Abstract: A bearing device for a turbocharger wherein a bearing casing is interposed between a turbine casing and a compressor casing; disposed within a bearing housing of the bearing casing are a ball bearing on the side of the turbine and a ball bearing on the side of the compressor both of which is supported by a one-piece oil film damper which is floating; and a pin is loosely fitted into the oil film damper and the bearing housing so as to prevent the rotation of the oil film damper.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes spaced apart turbine housing and compressor housing sections which are connected by a center housing section. The center housing section journals an elongate shaft carrying at opposite ends thereof a compressor wheel and a turbine wheel rotatable in the respective housing sections. The center housing section also defines a closed cavity captively receiving a material conductive of heat and which transitions between lower and upper molecular energy levels during hot soak of the turbocharger following engine shutdown to control bearing temperature at the shaft.

Abstract: A turbocharger having a main housing with a throughbore in which a tubular bearing carrier is mounted. A main shaft having a turbine at one end and a compressor at its other end extends through the bearing carrier and is rotatably mounted to the housing by two spaced bearing assemblies. A lubrication system supplies lubricant to a squeeze film damper for hydrostatically damping the shaft vibrations and the discharge of the lubricant from the squeeze film damper is employed to lubricate the bearing assemblies.

Abstract: A compressor wheel assembly for turbochargers and the like comprises a compressor wheel including a boreless hub formed integrally as by casting with a circumferential array of aerodynamically contoured centrifugal impeller blades. The wheel hub is secured at its base by inertia welding to a thrust spacer sleeve having an internally threaded bore for threaded reception of a rotatable shaft. In use of the compressor wheel assembly, the absence of a bore within the wheel hub substantially improves wheel fatigue life.

Abstract: A water-cooled turbocharger is fabricated employing a coreless die casting process. Instead of casting a complete passage in the bearing housing of the turbocharger, an open ended channel is cast into the housing and then sealed off by a mating seal plate. O-rings or other sealing materials are used to seal the mating joints to prevent pressurized cooling water from leaking to the outside or into the internal bearing housing area.

Abstract: A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, in which the turbocharger has a turbine wheel made in one piece from a ceramic material and having an axially extending support portion which is inserted into a hollow shaft made from a metal material. The support portion of the turbine wheel has, at an end remote from the blade portions, a portion having an increased diameter and tightly fitted to the hollow shaft. An axial first annular slit is formed between the shaft and the support portion. A radial second annular slit is formed between facing surfaces of the shaft and the turbine wheel. These first and second slits are connected to each other and work to alleviate the effects of the different heat expansion coefficients of the metal and ceramic materials on the support portion of the turbine wheel.

Abstract: A turbocharger comprising a central housing which has at one end a radially outwardly extending annular flange. A backplate is arranged between the center housing and the turbine wheel. The outer peripheral portion of the backplate is held between the annular flange and the turbine housing. Nozzle vanes are arranged in the exhaust gas inlet passage formed between the backplate and the turbine housing. Bush insertion bores are formed in the backplate and the annular flange. Bushes are axially and movably inserted into the bush insertion bores. The axial movement of the bushes is restricted by stop means. The shafts of the nozzle vanes are rotatably supported by the bushes.

Abstract: A compressor housing (30) is disclosed of the type characterized by having a centrally-disposed, concentric, flow restricting inlet throat in fluid communication with an encircling fluid conduit having a tangentially disposed outlet. Compressor housing (30) includes a separately formed inlet throat insert (45) for being positioned in a bore (29) in compressor housing (30). Insert (45) can be removed if damaged, or if a change in inlet throat size is desired.

Abstract: An integral turbofan/solid propellant gas generator air induction system features in a single device a solid propellant gas generator and a turbofan which are operative, when activated, even after long periods of storage, to take ambient air and compress it to the pressures required in emergency situations for preventing loss of life and valuable equipment, for example, the inflation of an aircraft slide.

Abstract: An oil sealing deflector for a turbocharger includes a substantially circular stepped plate which has a central plate portion having a center hole in which a rotor shaft of the turbocharger can be freely inserted, a peripheral plate portion, and an intermediate recessed plate portion provided between the central plate portion and the peripheral plate portion to define an oil reservoir. The peripheral plate portion has an opening for discharging the oil in the oil reservoir. The deflector further includes a tongue which extends from the plane of the recessed plate portion through the opening of the peripheral plate portion.

Abstract: A turbocharger having a variable nozzle vane assembly to be used in association with an engine. A nozzle ring having a plurality of rotatable vanes mounted thereto defining an annular passageway within the turbine housing through which exhaust gas passes upstream of a turbine. Included is a means for rotating the plurality of vanes and a means for preventing binding of the components during thermal cycling.