Abstract: A silicon nitride based sintered product having strength at a high temperature is obtained by sintering a mixture. The mixture comprises a silicon powder or a mixture powder of silicon and silicon nitride added a sintering assistant powder, a compound powder of iron and a compound powder containing at least one of vanadium, niobium and tantalum in 5a group elements of the periodic table. The silicon nitride based sintered product contains silicon, aluminum, yttrium, oxygen, nitrogen, iron and at least one of 5a group element in the periodic table, and when weights at which the elements are present as a compound of silicon nitride, alumina, yttria, a compound powder of iron and 5a group elements in the periodic table are represented by a, b, c, d and e, the following formulae are fulfilled:1.ltoreq.100(b+c+d+e).times.(a+b+c+d+e).ltoreq.15, 1.ltoreq.(b+c)/d0.005.ltoreq.100d/(a+b+c+d+e).ltoreq.7.5, and 0.005.ltoreq.e/(b+c).ltoreq.

Abstract: Enhancement of mechanical properties of ceramic membranes by introduction of a uniformly distributed high-temperature oxidation-resistant metal phase into the brittle ceramic phase to achieve mechanically strong ceramic/metal composites operable in an oxidation atmosphere and at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Process for producing very pure platinum materials dispersion-reinforced with Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and having high strength and extensibility, even in the temperature range >800.degree. C., from platinum powder by mechanical alloying, which comprises the process stepspreparing platinum powder of high purity and low particle size of from 2 to 10 .mu.m,introducing and dispersing Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 particles >1 .mu.m in the platinum powder by milling in a platinum vessel using milling media of zirconium oxide,degassing the milled product under a vacuum of better than 10.sup.-3 mbar and with an increase in temperature to at least 1200.degree. C. in a platinum capsule for a period of up to 48 hours,gastight welding of the evacuated capsule and hot isostatic pressing at 1350.degree. C.

Abstract: In a method of making alloy of tungsten and lanthana, lanthanum hydroxide is blended with tungsten metal powder, the mixture is pressed to form a pressed ingot, optionally presintered, and sintered to form the alloy. The use of lanthanum hydroxide as the source of the lanthana dopant allows the pressed or presintered ingots to be stored in air prior to sintering for prolonged periods without becoming degraded from exposure to atmospheric moisture.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for encasing an object in a shell or layer of outer material. The encased object and the outer material are formed from sinterable metal or ceramic particulate material. Both the object to be encased and the shell or encasement are formed by extrusion. Novel methods are disclosed by which the object and the outer material can be simultaneously formed by co-extruding the sinterable particulate materials, or by extruding the outer layer onto a formed object using the die assembly of the invention.

Abstract: A conductive contact for use with metal oxide superconductors is described. The conductive contact comprises a metal contact which is attached by a diffusion bonding means to a superconductive metal oxide substrate. In a preferred embodiment, diffusion bonding means comprises a metal paint which includes metal particles and an organic binder which is heated to pyrolized the organic binder and form metallic diffusion bonds to the metal contact and metal oxide substrate. The invention also comprises a method for forming the conductive contact which includes selecting the superconducting metal oxide substrate, coating the substrate with a metal paint, placing the metal contact in touching contact with the metal paint and heating the combination of materials described above to pyrolized the organic binder and coalesce the metal particles.

Abstract: A fully dense ceramic-metal body including 40-88 v/o of an oxide hard phase of, in v/o of the body, 4-88 v/o M-aluminum binary oxides, where the binary oxide has a C-type rare earth, garnet, .beta.-MAl.sub.11 O.sub.18, or perovskite crystal structure, and M is a lanthanide or indium, and 0-79 v/o .alpha.-alumina; about 10-50 v/o of a hard refractory carbide, nitride, or boride as a reinforcing phase; and about 2-10 v/o of a dispersed metal phase combining Ni and Al mostly segregated at triple points of the microstructure. The preferred metal phase contains a substantial amount of the Ni.sub.3 Al ordered crystal structure. In the preferred body, the reinforcing phase is silicon carbide partially incorporated into the oxide grains, and bridges the grain boundaries. The body including a segregated metal phase is produced by densifying a mixture of the hard phase components and the metal component, with the metal component being present in the starting formulation as Ni powder and Al powder.

Abstract: A method of producing a high-performance connection between a metal and a solid superconductive ceramic member is effected by introducing into a mold, in juxtaposition, grains or powder of the ceramic or of its precursors and a volume of silver or gold powder, and ceramic grains or powder at the level of an incorporated silver, gold or copper porous body of the foam, straw or lattice type prior to compression of the ceramic powder and sintering of the same. The electrical connection so formed exhibits a low electrical resistance capable of carrying high currents at rated temperature without interfering with the zero resistance state of the superconductive ceramic, with the metal connection free of cracking and having a contact resistance that is substantially constant throughout the range of superconductive material operating conditions.

Abstract: A cermet useful in the fabrication of metal cutting, rockdrilling and mineral tools, as well as wear parts. The cermet comprises (i) a hard phase of a simple boride of a transition metal, a mixture of simple borides of transition metals, or a mixed boride of transition metals; (ii) a binder phase of Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, or alloys thereof; (iii) a dispersion of particles of oxides of transition metals in which the oxygen can be replaced by nitrogen and/or carbon; and (iv) a dispersion of oxides of metals chosen from aluminum and Group IIA and IIIA metals.

Abstract: A sintered metal body is disclosed of composition consisting essentially of in weight percent about 5 to 40 Cr, about 2 to 30 Al, 0 to about 5 special metal, 0 to about 4 rare earth oxide additive, and the balance Fe group metal and unavoidable impurities,the composition including at least one component selected from component A and/or component B, component A being special metal, and component B being at least an effective amount of rare earth oxide additive,the special metal being a first special metal component, and optionally, a second special metal component when rare earth oxide additive is 0, the first special metal component consisting of at least one of: Y, lanthanides, Zr, Hf, Ti, Si, and B, and the second special metal component consisting of at least one of: alkaline earth metal, Cu, and Sn, and the special metal being a third special metal component when rare earth oxide additive is >0, the third special metal component consisting of at least one of Y, lanthanides, Zr, Hf, Ti, Si, alkaline ear

Abstract: A process for fabricating Thallium-based superconducting tapes comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a powder mixture having a nominal composition of (Tl.sub.1-x-y Bi.sub.y Pb.sub.z)(Ba.sub.2-z Sr.sub.z)Ca.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.9 ; (2) placing the powder mixture into a silver tube and drawing and/or swaging the silver tube containing the powder mixture into a wire having a pre-determined diameter, wherein x and y are real numbers between 0.2 and 0.4, and z is a real number between 0 and 2; (3) rolling the wire into a tape having a pre-determined thickness; and (4) subjecting the tape to a two-stage single-sintering process at two respective sintering temperatures. The two-stage single-sintering process of the present invention allows Thallium-based superconducting tapes to be fabricated which exhibit substantially increased critical current density, without causing a substantially increased cost and complexity, as do other prior art processes, such as the double-sintering process.

Abstract: A process is proposed which serves to produce layer systems for gas sensors, the electrodes essentially being composed of a finely divided ceramic material and finely divided electron-conducting material. The process comprises adding stabilizer oxides to the electrode material in proportions above those necessary for full stabilization. As a result, a layer system having outstanding mechanical properties and high electrode load carrying capacity is obtained by a simple manufacturing process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for fabricating a metal aluminide composite which comprises providing a metal aluminide, such as titanium aluminide, or a titanium aluminide alloy, and a reinforcing fiber material, such as silicon carbide fiber, and placing an interlayer or diffusion barrier layer in the form of a metal selected from the group consisting of silver, copper and gold, and alloys thereof, between the metal aluminide and the reinforcing fiber material. The interlayer metal can be a foil of the metal or in the form of a coating, such as a silver coating, on the reinforcing fiber material. The metal aluminide, the reinforcing fiber material, and the metal interlayer, e.g., in the form of a packet of a plurality of alternate layers of metal aluminide alloy and reinforcing fiber material, each layer being separated by the metal interlayer, is pressed and heated at an elevated temperature, e.g., ranging from about 900.degree. to about 1200.degree. C., at which diffusion bonding occurs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copper-molybdenum composite material having utility in electrical applica- tions and the process for forming the composite material. The composite material is characterized by a continuous copper matrix having a plurality of discrete molybdenum particles embedded therein. The molybdenum particles have an aspect ratio in the range of from about 1:1 to about 4:1 so as to create a thermal path through the matrix from a first side of the composite material to a second side of the composite material. The resulting composite material exhibits improved through-thickness thermal conductivity as a result of the molybdenum particles being within the aforementioned range.

Abstract: Doped tungsten powder, or sintered tungsten bodies formed therefrom, having a fine dispersion of oxide particles of at least one metal from the group zirconium, hafnium, lanthanum, yttrium, and rare earth's are formed by the method of this invention. A mixture of a salt solution comprised of a soluble salt of the metal, and a tungsten blue oxide powder is formed. A hydroxide precipitating solution is admixed with the mixture to form a hydroxide precipitate of the metal on the tungsten blue oxide powder. The tungsten blue oxide powder and hydroxide precipitate are heated in a reducing atmosphere to form the tungsten powder having the dispersion of oxide particles. The doped tungsten powder can be consolidated and sintered to form tungsten bodies having a fine dispersion of the metal oxide.

Abstract: Neutron absorbing refractory B.sub.4 C-Gd and Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Gd cermets, B.sub.4 C-Gd and Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Gd metal-matrix composites, and B.sub.4 C-Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 ceramic-ceramic composites can be manufactured by applying fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic guidelines as processing principals.Three steps are involved in the fabrication of these new compositions of matter. First, the starting materials are consolidated into a compacted porous green body. Next, the green body is densified using the appropriate method depending on the class of material sought: cermet, metal-matrix composite, or ceramic-ceramic composite. Finally, either during the densification process or by subsequent heat treatment, new phase evolution is obtained via interfacial chemical reactions occurring in the microstructures.The existence of a new phase has been identified in B.sub.4 C-Gd and B.sub.4 C-Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 composites.

Abstract: A ceramic oxide superconductive composite material comprising a ceramic oxide superconductor and a non-superconductive material comprising at least one element which does not react with any of the elements of the ceramic oxide superconductor has improved superconductive properties such as a higher critical temperature and a larger critical current density.

Abstract: A pressure-reaction synthesis process for producing increased stiffness and improved strength-to-weight ratio titanium metal matrix composite materials comprising exothermically reacting a titanium powder or titanium powder alloys with non-metal powders or gas selected from the group consisting of C, B, N, BN, B.sub.4 C, SiC and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 at temperatures from about 900.degree. to about 1300.degree. C., for about 5 to about 30 minutes in a forming die under pressures of from about 1000 to 5000 psi.

Abstract: A novel method for forming homogeneous silver high temperature superconductor (HTS) composites. The novel method comprises a chemical coprecipitation of silver, barium, yttrium, and copper salts solutions, followed by calcination and milling processes. The novel method has an advantage of retaining all the virtues immanent in a composite HTS, for example, increased critical current density (Jc), and improved mechanical properties, while bypassing extant and deficient methodologies for forming a composite, the deficient composites characterized by heterogeneity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sintered ceramic superconducting wire which is made by placing powders of metal oxides or a mixture of powders of metal oxides and metal carbonates, said oxides and said carbonates each having an oxidation potential higher than or equal to that of copper, in a metallic cylinder formed from a high temperature oxidation-resistant material, and drawing the packed cylinder to a final size and sintering said drawn packed cylinder in air, wherein said cylinder is removed prior or subsequent to the final step of sintering.

Abstract: An improved ceramic-plus-metal superconducting composition of YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6+x plus substantially pure aluminum for ultimate use in making superconducting devices such as wires and tapes for utilization in motors, generators, electric circuits, etc.

Abstract: A sinter magnet based on Fe-Nd-B with improved coercive field strength and reduced temperature dependency thereof consists of 25 to 50 wt. % Nd, 0.5 to 2 wt. % B, 0 to 5 wt. % Al, 0.5 to 3 wt. % O, remainder Fe and usual impurities and has an oxygen content which is adjusted by the addition of oxygen or of oxygen-containing compounds, especially of an Al and/or Nd oxide, before the dense sintering. It is obtainable by the melting together of the pure components with formation of a pre-alloy, pulverisation of the pre-alloy, alignment of the powder in a magnetic field and pressing to a green formed body, sintering at 1040.degree. to 1100.degree. C. and subsequent annealing at 600.degree. to 700.degree. C., whereby one adds the oxygen as Al or Nd oxide or via the grinding and/or sintering atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for fabricating worked superconducting ceramic material of a mean grain size not more than 10 um is disclosed, which comprises the steps of: (a) preparing a metal casing containing a starting powder material having a composition for forming an oxide superconductor; (b) calcining the starting powder material contained in the casing at a temperature range of 850.degree. to 950.degree. C.; (c) subjecting said casing to a HIP treatment; (d) subjecting said casing containing hot deformed material to cold deformation processing; and (e) subjecting said casing to stress relief treatment by annealing in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a superconductor wire has a wire take-up spool and a feed speed control spool. A wire substrate is taken from the feed speed control spool and onto the take-up spool as the wire take-up spool is rotated. The wire passes through a container which holds a diffusion barrier material, where the diffusion barrier material is electrophoretically deposited onto the wire substrate and subsequently sintered. The wire is also passed through a container which holds a superconductor material suspended in solution, and a layer of the superconductor material is electrophoretically deposited onto the diffusion barrier. The grains of the superconductor layer are then magnetically aligned and sintered. Also, a silver coating is electrophoretically deposited onto the superconductor layer and sintered. A diffusion bonding inhibitor material is then applied to the silver coating. Then, the silver-coated superconductor wire is spooled and heated to four hundred degrees centigrade (400.

Abstract: A process for producing high-strength, substantially nonporous alloys by means of a three-component mixture, including admixing a first component of one or more low-melting temperature metals or alloys thereof, a second component of one or more high-melting temperature metals or alloys thereof, and a substantially inert third component of one or more refractory compounds, subjecting the mixture to changes in temperature so as to form a mixture capable of being shaped at a temperature well below the melting or decomposition temperature of the highest melting metal and the inert refractory compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sintered ceramic wire.Ceramic materials, such as A1N, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, have various superior characteristics including heat-resistance, and sintered ceramic materials have been of interest as superconducting materials of high critical temperatures.However, various disadvantages are involved in the formation of the sintered ceramic materials as thin wires, and in the practical use thereof.The present invention elminates such disadvantages to provide a thin and long sintered ceramic wire having sufficient strength and toughness to avoid breakage.A sintered wire is made by placing powders of metal oxides, precursors of the desired sintered material, having oxidation potentials less than that of copper, in a tube of a high temperature oxidation-resistant metal. This product is worked to its final size and a sintering step is performed. The method is satisfactory for manufacture of ceramic superconductors.

Abstract: A method for making rare earth element, iron and boron sintered permanent magnets, and a particle mixture for use therein. A hydrided 100% dross or particle mixture of virgin alloy particles and scrap alloy particles and/or dross alloy particles are dehydrided and sintered to produce a substantially fully dense article for use as a permanent magnet.

Abstract: Enhanced crystallographic texture is developed in an alpha or alpha-beta titanium alloy having a dispersion of particles therein, by heating the alloy to essentially the all beta phase range and mechanically hot working the alloy in this range. The mechanical working is preferably accomplished by extrusion, rolling, or forging. The particles are stable during working, and prevent the formation of random texture in recrystallized beta phase grains at the working temperature. The particles are preferably oxides formed from rare earth elements such as erbium or yttrium, that are introduced into the alloy during manufacture. The alloys processed according to the invention are preferably prepared by powder metallurgy to achieve a uniform microstructure prior to working. A particularly suitable alpha-beta (but near alpha) titanium alloy contains aluminum, zirconium, hafnium, tin, columbium, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, germanium, silicon, and erbium.

Abstract: A method for making metal/ceramic superconductor thick film structures including the steps of preparing a silver/superconductor ink, applying the ink to a substrate, evaporating the ink's binder, decomposing a silver compound in the residue to coat the superconductor grains, sintering the coated superconductor grains, and oxygenating the superconductor grains through the silver coating. The resultant inter-granular silver increases the critical current and mechanical strength of the superconductor.

Abstract: A process for producing coarse, longitudinally oriented column crystals with improved temperature change resistance and ductility in the transverse direction in a workpiece of any cross-section from an oxide-dispersion-strengthened nickel-base superalloy, which exists in fine-grained form, by annealing in the temperature range between 1000.degree. and 1200.degree. C., cooling to room temperature and isothermally annealing for coarse grain in the range between 1230.degree. C. and 1280.degree. C.

Abstract: A superconductor metal matrix composite formable into an electrical current carrying material. A superconductive particulate is intermixed with a normal metal matrix, pressed into form and heated to form the composite. The metal matrix surrounds the superconductive particulate to prevent loss of oxygen from the superconductive particulate so the particulate retains its superconductive properties. The metal matrix also becomes superconductive due to proximity effect.

Abstract: A titanium or titanium alloy composite having a porous surface layer, which comprises a titanium or titanium alloy substrate and a porous titanium or titanium alloy layer that adheres strongly to said substrate, said porous layer being formed by first providing said substrate with a firmly adhering sinter of a mixture of a titanium or titanium alloy powder and a magnesium powder, and then removing magnesium from the sinter. A process for producing a titanium or titanium alloy composite having a porous surface layer, comprising: providing a coating composition comprising a binder added to a mixture of a titanium or titanium alloy powder and a magnesium powder; applying said composition to the surface of a titanium or titanium alloy substrate; heating the substrate at a temperature of from 650.degree. to 800.degree. C. in vacuo or an inert atmosphere so as to form a sinter of the powders of titanium or titanium alloy and magnesium which firmly adheres to said substrate; and removing magnesium from said sinter.

Abstract: Permanent magnets are prepared by a method comprising mixing a particulate rare earth-iron-boron alloy with a particulate additive metal powder, compacting the aligned mixture to form a shape, and heating the compacted shape at a temperature at least 150.degree. C. less than the sintering temperature of a rare earth-iron-boron alloy and usually in the range from about 700.degree. C. to less than 850.degree. C.

Abstract: A superconductive body of an oxidic superconductive material having good mechanical properties is characterized in that the oxidic material forms a matrix through which finely divided particles are mixed at least the surface of which consists of a metal or a metal alloy. Particles in the form of fibres are preferably used and the surface of the particles consists of silver or gold.

Abstract: A ceramic superconductor is made by consolidating a plurality of metals and a chalcogen and applying a magnetic field during the consolidation operation.

Abstract: The method of producing a superconducting product includes: providing a pressed-powder preform consisting essentially of REBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x where 6.0<x<7.0; preheating the preform to elevated temperature for a time period between 0 and 10 minutes, within a medium consisting of a mixture of refractory ceramic particles, carbonaceous particles and ultra fine graphitic particles; providing a preheated grain bed and embedding the heated preform in that bed, the bed having the same composition as the medium; and consolidating the preform to at least about 95% of theoretical density by application of pressure to the grain bed, thereby to form the product.

Abstract: A process for densifying porous articles comprises providing a non-reactive container with a green article and sufficient solid encapsulating agent selected from the group consisting of tin and the tin-magnesium eutectic to encapsulate the green article when the agent is in the molten state. The temperature is raised sufficiently to melt the agent and to encapsulate the article. The encapsulated article is maintained at a pressure below the infiltrating pressure of the green article while heating the encapsulated article sufficiently to create a surface on the article that is essentially free of porosity and thereafter, the pressure on the encapsulated article is increased while maintaining the article at its sintering temperature for a sufficient time to increase the density of said article to at least about 98% of theoretical.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ceramic/metal composite material comprising cerium/aluminum mixed oxides as the ceramic phase and an alloy or intermetallic compond of cerium and at least one of aluminum, nickel, iron and cobalt as the metal phase. The ceramic phase may comprise interengaged crystal lattices of ceria and alumina. The material may be a self-sustaining body which may be used as substrate for a dimensionally stable anode in molten sale aluminum electrowinning cells, coated with a protective layer of cerium oxyfluoride in situ during electrolysis in molten cryolite containing cerium ions.

Abstract: In a method for producing tungsten-alloyed rods, a particular tungsten electrodes for tungsten inert gas welding, tungsten plasma welding, tungsten plasma fusion cutting and the like, in which pulverulent tungsten with an admixed oxide additive is compacted, sintered, mechanically worked and submitted to a recrystallization treatment, to achieve a hitherto unobtained high lanthanum integration the pulverulent tungsten is alloyed with a highly pure relaxed lanthanum oxide additive of about 1.8 to 2.2% by weight with respect to the total weight the compacting is carried out with a multiphase pressure buildup and the sintering is carried out with a multiphase temperature buildup.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a superconductive film composed of a RE.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x compound, or a (Bi.Sr.Ca.Cu.O) compound. In a first embodiment, oxides or carbonates of the component materials, namely Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, BaCO.sub.3, and CuO are mixed in atomic ratios of 1:2:3, according to the chemical formula of RE.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x, and sintered to create a rhombic perovskite structure. The sintered mixture is powdered again, with added powdered amounts of Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and powdered metallic Cu, and sintered. The sintered product is used as the source for an electron beam evaporator. In a second embodiment the (Bi.Sr.Ca.Cu.O) compound is formed into a sintered pellet which is composed of a mixture of one part of BiO, 3-15 parts of SrCO.sub.3, 4-30 parts of CaCO.sub.3, and 2-5 parts of CuO, in atomic ratios of Bi, Sr, Ca and Cu.

Abstract: This invention concerns a heat treatment method for rare earth type permanent magnets which are primarily of the Nd-Fe-B type. With regard to these permanent magnets, which oxidize rather easily in the air, the alloy is crushed, and either compression formed in a magnetic a non-magnetic field, sintered at 900.degree. to 1,200.degree. C., and then machined into the shape desired, and then solution treated in an atmosphere of oxygen and/or nitrogen at a temperature of 900.degree. to 1,200.degree. C., and then aged at 300.degree. to 900.degree. C. in order that an oxide and/or nitride protective layer of 0.001 to 10 .mu. be formed on the surface of the permanent magnet to prevent corrosion and in order to relieve machining strain.

Abstract: A surface structure of A1N substrate comprising:an A1N substrate,an intermediate layer disposed on the A1N substrate, anda metallized layer disposed on said intermediate layer, said intermediate layer comprising at least aluminum, nitrogen and oxygen. The metallized layer has a main component of one of Mo-Mn alloy, Mo and W, and has a thickness of 1-20 .mu.m,This surface structure is produced by coating a surface of A1N substrate with metallizing layer components, heat treating the resultant coated substrate at a temperature of 200.degree.-500.degree. C. under an oxidizing atmosphere, and further heating the heat treated coated substrate at a temperature of 1200.degree.-1400.degree. C. under a nonoxidizing atmosphere having a dew point of -35.degree.to 5.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cermet exhibiting superconducting properties with improved mechanical properties comprising a mixture of a superconducting ceramic and one or more metals, the cermet resulting from liquid phase sintering at a temperature at which one of the metals is molten and below the melting temperature of the superconducting ceramic.

Abstract: Refractory metal oxide particles are dispersed in an aluminum melt which is then cast to form a dispersion hardened aluminum alloy composition. A master mix of carrier metal particles surrounding individual oxide particles is pressed into a billet. The billet is dissolved in the melt in the presence of a wetting metal.

Abstract: A permanent magnetic alloy essentially consists of 10 to 40% by weight of R, 0.1 to 8% by weight of boron, 50 to 300 ppm by weight of oxygen and the balance of iron, where R is at least one component selected from the group consisting of yttrium and the rare-earth elements.An alloy having this composition has a high coercive force .sub.I H.sub.C and a high residual magnetic flux density and therefore has a high maximum energy product.

Abstract: Improved lubrication of tools for hot working rare earth-transition metal alloy particles is provided by suitably applied glass or glass/graphite lubricants.

Abstract: Compositions for the production of rare earth-ferromagnetic-metal permanent magnets comprise mixtures of rare earth-ferromagnetic metal alloy powder and a lesser amount of a powdered second-phase sintering aid, wherein there is added up to about 2 percent by weight of a particulate refractory oxide, carbide, or nitride additive. Permanent magnets are prepared by mixing the components, aligning the mixture in a magnetic field, pressing and sintering. The refractory material inhibits grain growth in the second phase during sintering, improving the magnetic properties of the major phase.

Abstract: Permanent magnets are prepared by a method comprising mixing a particulate rare earth-iron-boron alloy with a particulate rare earth oxide, aligning the magnetic domains of the mixture, compacting the aligned mixture to form a shape, and sintering the compacted shape.

Abstract: A nickel anode electrode fabricated by oxidizing a nickel alloying material to produce a material whose exterior contains nickel oxide and whose interior contains nickel metal throughout which is dispersed the oxide of the alloying material and by reducing and sintering the oxidized material to form a product having a nickel metal exterior and an interior containing nickel metal throughout which is dispersed the oxide of the alloying material.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprises aluminium or aluminium alloy, such as LM 13, into which has been incorporated between 5 and 50% by volume of zirconia. The zirconia may be in the form of fibres or of powder. As compared with the aluminium alloy, this reduces the thermal conductivity and coefficient of expansion, and provides a material which has, particularly at elevated temperatures above 300.degree. C., improved tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness and reduced elongation.