Abstract: A method for producing capillaries from nonferrous alloys, in particular of Al, which includes the continuous cold rotary extrusion of a blank having a solid cross-section, obtained by casting, in order to produce a tube having a hollow cross-section. The deformation of the blank to be extruded is achieved only by using friction force. The method further includes at least one step of cold drawing of the extruded tube in order to reduce its diameter to the diameters corresponding to a capillary.

Abstract: A method of forming a wrought material having a refined grain structure is provided. The method comprises providing a metal alloy material having a depressed solidus temperature and a low temperature eutectic phase transformation. The metal alloy material is molded and rapidly solidified to form a fine grain precursor that has fine grains surrounded by a eutectic phase with fine dendritic arm spacing. The fine grain precursor is plastic deformed at a high strain rate to cause recrystallization without substantial shear banding to form a fine grain structural wrought form. The wrought form is then thermally treated to precipitate the eutectic phase into nanometer sized dispersoids within the fine grains and grain boundaries and to define a thermally treated fine grain structure wrought form having grains finer than the fine grains and the fine dendritic arm spacing of the fine grain precursor.

Abstract: A die tool and process are described that provide friction consolidation fabrication and friction consolidation extrusion fabrication products including permanent magnets, and other extrusion and non-extrusion structures. The present invention overcomes previous particle size, texture, homogeneity and density limitations in conventional metallurgy processes.

Abstract: A method for producing high strength aluminum alloy powder containing L12 intermetallic dispersoids uses high pressure gas atomization to effect cooling rates in excess of 103° C./second.

Abstract: The present invention employs Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) to consolidate Fe16N2, Fe4N, Sm2Fe17Nx, either alone or in combination with other magnetic powders made from Nd2Fe14B, SmCo5, Sm2Co17, Sm2Fe17Nx and MnBi to prepare dense bodies at temperatures as low as room temperature or as high as 800° C., depending on the composition. When a soft magnetic material such as ?-Fe powder or Fe4N powder is mixed with a hard magnetic material such as Nd2Fe14B, SmCo5, Sm2Co17 or Sm2Fe17Nx or MnBi or FeCr alloys or a semi-hard material such as Fe16N2, exchange-coupled magnets are obtained. This is due to the fact that the current theory on exchange-coupling phenomena indicates that a nanocrystalline size of the soft magnetic material is a necessary condition for the promotion of exchange-coupling.

Abstract: The master batch for molding includes at least one inorganic powder, advantageously ceramic or metallic; an organic mixture, advantageously polymer, comprising: a stable polymer having good ductility features, from 30 to 90% by mass of the mixture; a lubricant, from 5 to 50% by mass of the mixture; a plasticizing polymer, from 5 to 30% by mass of the mixture; with a [% by mass of the lubricant]/[% by mass of the stable polymer] ratio smaller than or equal to 1, advantageously strictly smaller than 1.

Abstract: A method of pressure forming a brown part from metal and/or ceramic particle feedstocks includes: introducing into a mold cavity or extruder a first feedstock and one or more additional feedstocks or a green or brown state insert made from a feedstock, wherein the different feedstocks correspond to the different portions of the part; pressurizing the mold cavity or extruder to produce a preform having a plurality of portions corresponding to the first and one or more additional feedstocks, and debinding the preform. Micro voids and interstitial paths from the interior of the preform part to the exterior allow the escape of decomposing or subliming backbone component substantially without creating macro voids due to internal pressure. The large brown preform may then be sintered and subsequently thermomechanically processed to produce a net wrought microstructure and properties that are substantially free the interstitial spaces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnesium-based composite material that can achieve excellent performance such as high tensile strength not only at ordinary temperature but also at high temperature. The magnesium-based composite material of the present invention is Al2Ca-containing magnesium-based composite material, wherein said composite material is obtained by a solid-phase reaction of an aluminum-containing magnesium alloy and an additive, said additive being calcium oxide, and said composite material contains Al2Ca formed in the solid-phase reaction. In the magnesium-based composite material, CaO, in combination with Al2Ca, can be dispersed.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention may include a method of producing a composite article comprising a container, filling the container with a powdered metal, and compacting the powdered metal in the container such that an interfacial bond is created between the compacted powdered metal and the container.

Abstract: A method of making a selectively corrodible article is disclosed. The method includes forming a powder comprising a plurality of metallic powder particles, each metallic powder particle comprising a nanoscale metallic coating layer disposed on a particle core. The method also includes forming a powder compact of the powder particles, wherein the powder particles are substantially elongated in a predetermined direction to form substantially elongated powder particles. In one embodiment, forming the powder compact includes compacting the powder particles into a billet, and forming the billet to provide the powder compact of the powder particles, wherein the powder particles are substantially elongated in a predetermined direction to form substantially elongated powder particles.

Abstract: A method of forming a sputtering target and other metal articles having controlled oxygen and nitrogen content levels and the articles so formed are described. The method includes surface-nitriding a deoxidized metal powder and further includes consolidating the powder by a powder metallurgy technique. Preferred metal powders include, but are not limited to, valve metals, including tantalum, niobium, and alloys thereof.

Abstract: A standard calibration set having at least three calibration standards. Each standard is a molded article made of a thermoplastic polymer which contains the elements Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and Br, with the Cr:Pb:Hg:Br:Cd ratio being different in each of the three calibration standards. Further disclosed is a method for manufacturing the calibration standards and their use in X-ray fluorescence analysis.

Abstract: A process for producing a foamed metal article comprises the steps of combining together at least one metal powder, silicon powder a gas-producing blowing agent to form a mixture; including graphite along with said mixture; compacting the mixture into a foamable metal precursor; placing the foamable metal precursor in a carrier; and heating the foamable metal precursor in the carrier to at least a predetermined temperature for at least a predetermined amount of time, to thereby cause the foamable metal precursor to foam, thus producing a foamed metal article.

Abstract: A high-strength and high-toughness magnesium based alloy contains, by weight, 1 to 8% rare earth element and 1 to 6% calcium and the maximum crystal grain diameter of magnesium constituting a matrix is not more than 30 ?m. At least one intermetallic compound (6) of rare earth element and calcium has a maximum grain diameter of 20 ?m or less and it is dispersed in a crystal grain boundary (5) and a crystal grain (4) of magnesium of the matrix.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of producing a hard metallic material by forming a mixture containing at least 55% iron and at least one of B, C, Si and P. The mixture is formed into an alloy and cooled to form a metallic material having a hardness of greater than about 9.2 GPa. The invention includes a method of forming a wire by combining a metal strip and a powder. The metal strip and the powder are rolled to form a wire containing at least 55% iron and from two to seven additional elements including at least one of C, Si and B. The invention also includes a method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate by processing a solid mass to form a powder, applying the powder to a surface to form a layer containing metallic glass, and converting the glass to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

Abstract: A shaped charge liner formed by injection molding, where the liner comprises a powdered metal mixture of a first and second metal. The mixture includes about 50% to about 99% by weight percent of the first metal, about 1% to about 50% by weight percent of a second metal, about 1% to about 50% by weight percent of a third metal. In one embodiment, the first metal comprises tungsten, the second metal may comprise nickel, and the third metal may comprise copper.

Abstract: Three dimensionally large metallic structures comprised of submicron grain sizes are produced by a process which includes directing a supersonic powder jet against a substrate such that the powder adheres to the substrate and to itself to form a dense cohesive deposit. The powder jet may be comprised of refractory metal powders. The powder may be deposited by a supersonic jet and may be extruded by Equi channel angular extrusion.

Abstract: An improved L12 aluminum alloy having magnesium or nickel; at least one of scandium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium; at least one of gadolinium, yttrium, zirconium, titanium, hafnium, and niobium; and at least one ceramic reinforcement. Aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, titanium boride, titanium diboride and titanium carbide are suitable ceramic reinforcement particles. These alloys derive strengthening from mechanisms based on dislocation-particle interaction and load transfer to stiffen reinforcements.

Abstract: A method of forming a sputtering target and other metal articles having controlled oxygen and nitrogen content levels and the articles so formed are described. The method includes surface-nitriding a deoxidized metal powder and further includes consolidating the powder by a powder metallurgy technique. Preferred metal powders include, but are not limited to, valve metals, including tantalum, niobium, and alloys thereof.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catalyst, a catalyst precursor, or a catalyst support comprising: (a) mixing a refractory metal oxide or precursor thereof with a liquid to form a paste; (b) adding said paste to an extruder, the extruder having a die plate comprising one or more dies, each die having a plurality of apertures, the outlet of each aperture having a cross sectional area of 6 mm2 or less; (c) extruding the paste through the apertures to form catalyst support extrudates; wherein the inlet of the apertures has a greater cross sectional area than the outlet of said apertures; and wherein for at least one die the combined cross sectional area of all apertures at the inlet relative to the total cross sectional area of the die at the inlet is higher than 50%.

Abstract: A copper alloy extruded material is provided by extruding a copper alloy powder solidified billet and old grain boundaries remain in it.

Abstract: Method for producing a precious material for ornamental articles, which envisages introducing, into the plasticization chamber of an extruder at a temperature of between 120 and 220° C., an amount of a Polymer composition and an amount of a metallic powder formed with one or more precious metals having particles with an average size of less than 0.5 micron in order to achieve thorough mixing between the amount of polymer composition in the liquid state and the amount of metallic powder by means of one or more screws provided with mixing segments; and then an extrusion and cutting step in order to obtain an intermediate product with a precious metal content to be treated during a subsequent forming step aimed at obtaining an ornamental article in the desired form.

Abstract: An article made of constituent elements is prepared by furnishing at least one nonmetallic precursor compound, wherein all of the nonmetallic precursor compounds collectively contain the constituent elements. The constituent elements include a titanium-base metallic composition, boron present at a level greater than its room-temperature solid solubility limit, and, optionally, a stable-oxide-forming additive element present at a level greater than its room-temperature solid solubility limit. The precursor compounds are chemically reduced to produce a material comprising a titanium-base metallic composition having titanium boride particles therein, without melting the titanium-base metallic composition. The titanium-base metallic composition having the titanium boride particles therein is consolidated without melting.

Abstract: An endoprosthesis that includes a composite having a metal matrix and a plurality of stiffening particles in the matrix. The metal of the metal matrix can include titanium, niobium, tantalum, or alloys thereof The stiffening particles can include a metal core and a thin surface layer. The thin surface layer can include oxides, carbides, nitrides, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A powder metallurgy method includes the steps of forming a member, such as a work piece or an aerospace component, from a titanium alloy powder. The average size of a carbide phase in the titanium alloy powder is controlled in order to control an average size of a carbide phase in the member. In one example, an amount of carbon within the titanium alloy and size of the carbide phase are selected to provide a desirable balance of good hot workability, resisting formation of an alpha-titanium phase within the member and a desired level of fatigue performance.

Abstract: Cored wires having a core comprising agglomerates of superfine particles and/or nanoparticles for thermal spray or overlay weld applications and methods of making the same are provided. Methods of coating a substrate by thermal spraying such as electric arc spraying with such cored wires are also provided. In an embodiment, a cored wire comprises a metallic sheath at least partially surrounding a core comprising agglomerates of superfine particles, nanoparticles, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing particles.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a collimator includes mixing an x-ray absorbent material with at least one of a temporary binder and a temporary gel, and extruding the mixed x-ray absorbent material through a die to form a unitary collimator structure that is at least one of substantially honeycomb in shape and substantially rectangular in shape.

Abstract: Manufacture health ornaments such as necklaces, bracelets and wristbands that provide sufficient health-promoting function and effective therapeutic action for a long time, by burning a gaseous mixture of oxygen and hydrogen in high-pressure water, using the resultant gas to heat and granulate titanium material, and combining the obtained titanium powder with an elastomer material.

Abstract: A processing apparatus is powered by an internal combustion engine. Airborne emissions that are separate from the exhaust of the internal combustion engine are produced during processing. An air feedback mechanism directs the airborne emissions produced during processing to the air intake of the internal combustion engine, resulting in the emissions being combusted within a combustion area in the internal combustion engine. By combusting the emissions, the harmful level of emissions is reduced.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure molding apparatus 1 having a spinneret 4 provided with a back pore part 3 for introducing a molding material and a slit part 2 for extruding the molding material, and a press plate 5 for fixing the spinneret 4, in which the spinneret 4 comprises an inner side part 11 and an outer peripheral part 12, the inner side part 11 is protruded to the downstream side to form a level difference part 15 between the inner side part 11 and the outer peripheral part 15, the press plate 5 is opened opposing the inner side part 12 of the spinneret 4 and presses the downstream side of the outer peripheral part 12 of the spinneret 4 through a gap part 7, and there is provided a gap adjusting means 130 capable of changing width of the gap of the gap part 7.

Abstract: Methods for preparing fibrous monolith composite materials include continuously extruding cell and boundary material compositions. A filament is formed from a cell material composition and passed through a chamber of an extrusion assembly. A boundary material composition is extruded generally about the cell material composition filament and the two material compositions are co-extruded to form an extruded coated filament.

Abstract: Processes for mechanically fabricating two and three-dimensional fibrous monolith composites include preparing a fibrous monolith filament from a core composition of a first powder material and a boundary material of a second powder material. The filament includes a first portion of the core composition surrounded by a second portion of the boundary composition. One or more filaments are extruded through a mechanically-controlled deposition nozzle onto a working surface to create a fibrous monolith composite object. The objects may be formed directly from computer models and have complex geometries.

Abstract: A method for preparation of a solid state electrochemical device having a cathode, and anode and an electrolyte positioned between the cathode and the anode is disclosed, comprising the steps of forming a controlled geometry feedrod having a cross sectional area, having at least a first extrusion compound and a second extrusion compound, and co-extruding the controlled geometry feedrod through a reduction die at least once to achieve a desired reduction in cross sectional area. Such microfabrication by thermoplastic co-extrusion enhances production of complex and multiphase electrodes and electrolytes.

Abstract: A process for producing a thermoelectric material based on two or more elements selected in the group constituted by Bi, Sb, Te and Se, which process comprises: i. an alloying step wherein determined amounts of the elements Bi, Sb, Te or Se are mixed until an homogenous powdered alloy is obtained; ii. an extrusion step of the powdered homogenous alloy obtained in the preceding step. The elements Bi, Sb, Te or Se being preferably mechanically mixed in an homogenous powdered alloy. The thermoelectric material, which are obtainable by this process, exhibits improved thermoelectric and mechanical properties and are therefore suitable, for example, as cooler, as temperature stabilizer in a electronic device or as power generator.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a particularly simple and inexpensive process for manufacturing tin/tungsten composite elements having a thickness of between 1 mm and 6 mm, such as spherical shot for hunting cartridges or fishing sinkers, from a tin/tungsten powder blend. The powder blend is extruded, in the solid state, directly into a wire whose thickness is between 1 mm and 6 mm with an extrusion rate≦80 mm/s. Next, the wire is cut into pieces which are then forged to the desired shape, especially into spheres. The subject of the invention is also the aforementioned process for obtaining the wire.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method and apparatus for forming and extruding ceramic materials. The apparatus utilizes a vacuum chamber mounted within a heating chamber or element; and the ceramic forming chamber is mounted within the vacuum chamber. A press is slidably mounted within vacuum and forming chambers in order to apply pressure to the ceramic materials during the heating step and subsequently during the ceramics extrusion step. The heating chamber applies heat to the vacuum chamber and forming chamber during the sintering and extrusion step. The forming chamber preferably remains in position within the vacuum chamber during the entire ceramic article manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a multi-layered magnetic rod in which a steel powder is reduced and extruded through a die. To improve the magnetic properties, a layer of rare earth magnetic power formed around the low alloy steel in the extruder chamber. A second layer of coating formed around the rare earth powder and the three layers are co-extruded through the die to produce a layered rod having improved magnetic properties. The resulting magnetic rod may be machined using conventional machining methods.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a multi-layered magnetic rod in which a steel powder is reduced and extruded through a die. To improve the magnetic properties, a layer of rare earth magnetic power formed around the low alloy steel in the extruder chamber. A second layer of coating formed around the rare earth powder and the three layers are co-extruded through the die to produce a layered rod having improved magnetic properties. The resulting magnetic rod may be machined using conventional machining methods.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a billet using aqueous salt solutions. The method for manufacturing a billet using aqueous salt solutions, comprising the following steps of: infiltrating aqueous salt solutions into metal powders or cut metal wires by adding the solutions to metal powders or cut metal wires filled in a cylindrical container, to obtain a mixture of aqueous salt solutions infiltrated into the metal powders or metal wires; evaporating water in aqueous salt solutions by heating said container containing the mixture, to obtain a dried mixture; and separating said dried mixture of metal powders or metal wires and salts from the container, to obtain a billet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing metallic fibers. It comprises pre-treating metal powder of a predetermined size such that finally obtained metallic fibers can be separated with ease; elongating the pre-treated metal powder at a predetermined draw ratio by use of compression molding; and separating metallic fibers from the drawn metallic material. The metallic fibers can find various applications in the electrically conducing material industries, including fillers for conducting paints, pastes and plastics, metal catalysts, electrode materials, sound-absorbing plates, and filters.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a thermoelectric element with a higher thermoelectric performance than that of a conventional thermoelectric element. This fabrication method includes the steps of: (a) preparing a thermoelectric material having a predetermined composition; and (b) applying extruding pressure to the thermoelectric material in a first direction to extrude it through a die having, in an area which is not less than half of a deforming area of the thermoelectric material in the first direction, a maximum strain rate within +30% of an average strain rate so as to plastically deform the thermoelectric material into an extruded product of the thermoelectric material.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a particularly simple and inexpensive process for manufacturing tin/tungsten composite elements having a thickness of between 1 mm and 6 mm, such as spherical shot for hunting cartridges or fishing sinkers, from a tin/tungsten powder blend.

Abstract: A method of extruding an electrode, batch material, particularly a zinc or nickel, electrode material, and an extruder assembly for extruding the material, are described. The method and extruder are designed to produce a low compaction of the material and low, back pressure, whereby working of the batch material is limited.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to aluminum containing iron-base alloys useful as electrical resistance heating elements. The aluminum containing iron-base alloys have improved room temperature ductility, electrical resistivity, cyclic fatigue resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, low and high temperature strength, and/or resistance to high temperature sagging. The alloy has an entirely ferritic microstructure which is free of austenite and includes, in weight %, over 4% Al, ≦1% Cr and either ≧0.05% Zr or ZrO2 stringers extending perpendicular to an exposed surface of the heating element or ≧0.1% oxide dispersoid particles. The alloy can contain 14-32% Al, ≦2% Ti, ≦2% Mo, ≦1% Zr, ≦1% C, ≦0.1% B, ≦30% oxide dispersoid and/or electrically insulating or electrically conductive covalent ceramic particles, ≦1% rare earth metal, ≦1% oxygen, ≦3% Cu, balance Fe.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the continuous extrusion of rods of plastic raw material. The rods contain at least one inner channel which is at least in part spiral-shaped. The raw material may be a powder-metallurgical or ceramic mass. The material is extruded through a nozzle mouthpiece and made to rotate by an arrangement of flow guiding surfaces. At least one thread made of a flexible or elastic material is entrained and gives the rod a spiral shape with a predetermined pitch. The thread is retained upstream of the nozzle mouthpiece in an eccentric position relative to the rod axis that extends through the nozzle mouthpiece. The movement of rotation of the raw material is adjusted by an outer adjusting force which modifies the angle between the arrangement of flow guiding surfaces and the longitudinal axis of the nozzle mouthpiece to adjust the position and pitch of the spiral channel.

Abstract: A method for making a radioactive article such as wire, includes the steps of providing a metal article having a first shape, such a cylinder, that is either radioactive itself or can be converted to a second, radioactive isotope by irradiation; melting the metal article one or more times; optionally adding an alloying metal to the molten metal in order to enhance ductility or other properties; placing the metal article having the first shape (e.g., cylindrical) into a cavity in the interior of an extrusion body (e.g.

Abstract: A component, particularly for land vehicles, preferably a car body component for motor vehicles, consists of a metallic foam material with a foamed porous layer comprising a metal powder and a blowing agent and possibly at least one solid metal sheet, there being metallic bonds between the solid metal sheet and the foamed porous layer. The component has at least one stamped contour which is raised from its surface, the angles, occurring in the region of the transitions between the three-dimensionally molded contour and the surface region being of the order of 100.degree. to 180.degree.. To produce the component, an essentially flat, metallic foam material, which is provided with solid metal sheets as covering layers, is initially shaped into a semi-finished molded product, which is end-contoured on one side, and the semi-finished molded product, so formed, is placed into a foaming mold, one wall of which is adapted to the end-contoured side of the semi-finished molded product, and foamed therein.

Abstract: Powder mixtures and a method of forming and shaping the mixtures. The method involves compounding the components of powder materials, binder, solvent for the binder, surfactant, and non-solvent with respect to at least the binder, the solvent, and the powder materials. The non-solvent is lower in viscosity than the binder combined with the solvent. The solvent is present in an amount that is less than the amount that would be present otherwise. The components are mixed and plasticized, and shaped to form a green body. The choice of components results in improved wet green strength in the green body. The method is especially useful for extrusion processing of aqueous binder systems such as water and cellulose ethers and hydrophobic non-solvents, to form structures such as honeycombs. In the body, the ratio, upon subsequent firing, of the isostatic strength to the A-axis strength is at least about 20% higher than in bodies made without the mixture composition of the invention.

Abstract: A process for production of a moulded ceramic and/or metallic body from a ductile material comprising one or more ceramic and/or metallic components, which material is fed into the pre-heated mould cavity (1) of a moulding tool. The moulded tool includes at least two mould parts (4, 5) of which at least one wholly or partly consists of a microporous material with communicating micropores. At least one mould cavity (1) comprising at least one mould surface (2, 3) exhibiting closed micropores is arranged in the microporous mould part (4, 5) or in a microporous section (6) thereof. The microporous mould part (4, 5) or the microporous section (6) thereof is pre-heated by supply of warm fluid, such as a heated gas. Said part (4, 5) or section (6) is after terminated moulding cooled by supply of cold fluid, such as a condensed gas. the invention includes in a further aspect a moulded body produced according to the process.

Abstract: A method for extruding a stiffer powder mixture at lower extrusion pressure involves providing an aqueous mixture of inorganic powder that can be metal, ceramic, glass, glass ceramic, molecular sieve, and/or carbon, fatty acid the main chain of which has at least 12 carbon atoms, thermally gellable cellulose ether binder, and wax that can be paraffin and/or propylene glycol hydroxystearate, wherein the powder is coated with the fatty acid component. If clay is included in the mixture, it is provided as either calcined or hydrous. The mixture is passed through an extruder and through an extrusion die to produce a green extrudate at an extrusion pressure that is equal to or lower than it would be absent the combination of the fatty acid, the cellulose ether binder, and the wax. The mixture in the extruder and the extrudate are stiffer than without this combination.