Abstract: The invention is directed to a process to prepare metal nanoparticles or metal oxide nanoparticles by applying a cathodic potential as an alternating current (ac) voltage to a solid starting metal object which solid metal object is in contact with a liquid electrolyte comprising a stabilising cation. The invention is also directed to the use of the nanoparticles as a catalyst.

Abstract: A porous catalyst layer formed from discrete particles of unsupported metal, wherein at least 80%, suitably at least 90%, of the discrete particles have a mass of from 1 to 1000 zeptograms, and wherein the catalyst layer has a metal volume fraction of less than 30% and a metal loading of less than 0.09 mg/cm2 is disclosed. The catalyst layer is suitable for use in fuel cells and other electrochemical applications.

Abstract: A methanol oxidation catalyst is provided, which includes nanoparticles having a composition represented by the following formula 1: PtxRuyTzQu ??formula 1 In the formula 1, the T-element is at least one selected from a group consisting of Mo, W and V and the Q-element is at least one selected from a group consisting of Nb, Cr, Zr and Ti, x is 40 to 90 at. %, y is 0 to 9.9 at. %, z is 3 to 70 at. % and u is 0.5 to 40 at. %. The area of the peak derived from oxygen bond of T-element is 80% or less of the area of the peak derived from metal bond of T-element in a spectrum measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectral method.

Abstract: The invention relates to platinum-metal oxide composite particles and their use as electrocatalysts in oxygen-reducing cathodes and fuel cells. The invention particularly relates to methods for preventing the oxidation of the platinum electrocatalyst in the cathodes of fuel cells by use of these platinum-metal oxide composite particles. The invention additionally relates to methods for producing electrical energy by supplying such a fuel cell with an oxidant, such as oxygen, and a fuel source, such as hydrogen. The invention also relates to methods of making the metal-metal oxide composites.

Abstract: An alloy for use in jewelry applications is provided that has a composition comprising about 45 to about 55 platinum by weight and about 55 to about 45 percent palladium by weight. The alloy possesses favorable characteristics as compared to pure platinum and pure palladium. Due to these characteristics, the alloy is attractive for use in jewelry applications.

Abstract: Electrically resistive material including platinum and from about 5 and about 70 molar percent of iridium, ruthenium or mixtures thereof, calculated based on platinum as 100%, are disclosed.

Abstract: An alloy and a gas turbine engine component comprising an alloy are presented, with the alloy comprising: palladium, in an amount ranging from about 1 atomic percent to about 41 atomic percent; platinum, in an amount that is dependent upon the amount of palladium, such that a. for the amount of palladium ranging from about 1 atomic percent to about 14 atomic percent, the platinum is present up to about an amount defined by the formula (40+X) atomic percent, wherein X is the amount in atomic percent of the palladium, and b. for the amount of palladium ranging from about 15 atomic percent up to about 41 atomic percent, the platinum is present in an amount up to about 54 atomic percent; and the balance comprising rhodium, wherein the rhodium is present in an amount of at least 24 atomic percent; wherein the alloy comprises a microstructure that is essentially free of L12-structured phase at a temperature greater than about 1000° C.

Abstract: A hard precious metal alloy member is constituted of a gold alloy, which has a gold Au content of from 37.50 to 98.45 wt %, and contains a hardening additive in a range of not less than 50 ppm but less than 15,000 ppm, wherein the hardening additive is constituted of gadolinium Gd only, or gadolinium Gd and at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare-earth elements other than Gd, alkaline-earth elements, silicon Si, aluminum Al, and boron B.

Abstract: Electrically resistive material including platinum and from about 5 and about 70 molar percent or iridium, ruthenium or mixtures thereof, calculated based on platinum as 100%, are disclosed.

Abstract: A gold-free platinum material that is dispersion-strengthened by small, finely dispersed particles of base metal oxide. The base metal is either 0.01-0.5 wt. % Sc or a mixture/alloy of Sc and at least one metal from the group consisting of Zr, Y, and Ce with a total base metal content of 0.05-0.5 wt. %.

Abstract: A heating conductor, in particular for a sensor for determining at least one gas component in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The heating conductor formed from a cermet which contains platinum, at least one metal oxide, and at least two further precious metals. A method for manufacturing the heating conductor by applying a paste containing a platinum powder, a metal oxide powder, and at least two further precious metals, to a ceramic foil and sintering the paste and ceramic foil combination.

Abstract: A lining material for glass melting furnaces comprises platinum or platinum alloy as a base material containing osmium as an impurity in an amount no more than 20 ppm. The lining material is used for that part of the melting furnace which comes into contact with molten glass. The low osmium content prevents the formation of bubbles in molten glass, thereby providing high-quality glass products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a bushing baseplate, and to a bushing baseplate. The bushing baseplate is characterized in that it comprises tips (18) constituted by hollow tubular elements of outside diameter slightly smaller than the inside diameter of holes (16) in the plate (12) forming the bushing baseplate, which tips are subjected to a step of being expanded radially relative to their axes. The method is simpler and less expensive.

Abstract: A platinum alloy has a white finish and comprises platinum, rhodium and ruthenium, with the platinum being present at a concentration of about 95% by weight, the rhodium being present at a concentration from about 2.5% to about 3.5% by weight, with increasing whiteness and workability at 3.5% Rh, and the ruthenium being present at a concentration correspondingly from about 1.5% to about 2.5% by weight, with the preferred composition being at about 1.5% by weight. In addition, methods of preparing the alloy and aesthetic items made with the alloy are included.

Abstract: A novel catalyst comprising a Pt--M alloy wherein M is one or more metals selected from the transition metal elements or from Groups IIIA or IVA of the Periodic Table in "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics" 64th Edition, CRC Press, and Y wherein Y is a bronze forming element or an oxide thereof, characterised in that the Pt--M alloy is in intimate contact with Y, and provided that M is not Ru if Y is WO.sub.3 is disclosed and which may be used as a poison tolerant catalyst for use in fuel cells, specifically as the anode of a PEM fuel cell.

Abstract: Noble metal alloys are used to produce attachments that can be cast-on, particularly in dental technology, having a melting range above 1500.degree. C. The alloys comprise about 40-70% platinum, about 10-40% palladium, about 5-20% iridium, about 0.5-10% gold, about 0-13 3% silver and about 0-1% each of ruthenium and rhodium.