Abstract: Rare earth alloy compositions, such as the neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) alloy are made by a Reduction-Melting process. The Reduction-Melting process comprises preparing a primary electrode containing at least one compound or metal to be reduced to form a refined metal or metal alloy ingot; placing the electrode in an electroslag refining furnace; passing a current through the electrode into a molten flux or slag to melt the electrode; reducing the metal or compound in the slag while forming an oxide by-product; collecting melted metal or metal alloy droplets falling through the slag; forming an ingot of the metal or metal alloy from the melted droplets; and collecting the solid oxide byproducts in the slag.

Abstract: An inventive material alloy for a nanocomposite magnet is represented by a general formula Fe100−x−yRxBy, Fe100−x−y−zRxByCoz, Fe100−x−y−uRxByMu or Fe100−x−y−z−uRxByCozMu. R is a rare-earth element. 90 atomic percent or more of R is Pr and/or Nd, while equal to or larger than 0 atomic percent and less than 10 atomic percent of R is another lanthanoid and/or Y. M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Pb, Au and Ag. The molar fractions x, y, z and u meet the inequalities of 2≦x≦6, 16≦y≦20, 0.2≦z≦7 and 0.01≦u≦7, respectively. The alloy includes a metastable phase Z represented by at least one of a plurality of Bragg reflection peaks observable by X-ray diffraction analysis. The at least one peak corresponds to a lattice spacing of 0.179 nm±0.005 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rare earth/iron/boron-based permanent magnet alloy composition capable of giving, by a powder metallurgical process, a permanent magnet having excellent coercive force and residual magnetization as well as good squareness ratio of the hysteresis loop. The magnet alloy composition consists of: (a) from 28 to 35% by weight of a rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium and holmium; (b) from 0.1 to 3.6% by weight of cobalt; (c) from 0.9 to 1.3% by weight of boron; (d) from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of aluminum; (e) from 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of copper; (f) from 0.02 to 0.3% by weight of zirconium or chromium; (g) from 0.03 to 0.1% by weight of carbon; (h) from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight of oxygen; (i) from 0.002 to 0.2% by weight of nitrogen; and (j) the balance to 100% by weight of iron and unavoidable impurity elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Fe based hard magnetic alloy having a very wide temperature interval in the super-cooled liquid region, having a hard magnetism at room temperature, being able to be produced thicker than amorphous alloy thin films obtained by conventional liquid quenching methods, and having a high material strength, wherein the Fe based hard magnetic alloy comprises Fe as a major component and containing one or a plurality of elements R selected from rare earth elements, one or a plurality of elements M selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W and Cu, and B, the temperature interval &Dgr; Tx in the super-cooled liquid region represented by the formula of &Dgr; Tx=Tx−Tg (wherein Tx and Tg denote a crystallization initiation temperature and glass transition temperature, respectively) being 20° C. or more.

Abstract: A cold rolled steel sheet having high strength and high formability and having excellent crushing performance can include 0.05-0.40 mass % of C, 1.0-3.0 mass % of Si, 0.6-3.0 mass % of Mn, 0.02-1.5 mass % of Cr, 0.010-0.20 mass % of P and 0.01-0.3 mass % of Al, with the remainder consisting essentially of Fe. The steel sheet includes a ferrite major phase and a minor phase consisting of martensite, acicular ferrite and retained austenite. The cold rolled steel sheet can be used in automobiles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to spindle-shaped goethite particles and spindle-shaped hematite particles, which have a narrow particle size distribution, include no dendrites, and have an appropriate particle shape and a large aspect ratio (major axial diameter/minor axial diameter); and spindle-shaped magnetic iron based alloy particles which are obtained from the spindle-shaped goethite particle or spindle-shaped hematite particles as a beginning material and which have a high coercive force and an excellent coercive force distribution. Such spindle-shaped goethite particles comprises: goethite seed containing 0.5 to 25 atm % of Co based on the total Fe in the spindle-shaped goethite particles, and goethite surface layer containing 0.5 to 15 atm % of Al based on the total Fe in the spindle-shaped goethite particles; and having an average major axial diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 &mgr;m.

Abstract: With the object of improving magnetic properties by remaining amorphous phase of a quenched R—Fe—B permanent magnet, in a quenched permanent magnetic material comprising Fe as a major component, at least one lanthanoid element, R, and boron, the permanent magnetic material comprises 10 percent by area or less of a soft magnetic remaining amorphous phase, and the balance being a crystalline phase substantially formed by heat treatment and containing R—Fe—B hard magnetic compound. A bulk magnet is made of the permanent magnetic material by plastic forming.

Abstract: A composition for inoculating grey iron, particularly low sulphur grey iron, comprises by weight: rare earth 1.0-4.0%, preferably 1.5-2.5%; strontium 0.5-1.5%, preferably 0.7-1.0%; calcium 1.5% maximum, preferably 0.5% maximum; aluminum 2.0% maximum, preferably 0.5% maximum; silicon 40.0-80.0%, preferably 70.0-75.0%; iron balance. The composition is most preferably free of calcium and aluminum. The rare earth may be cerium, mischmetall or a mixture of cerium and other rare earths. The composition may be a mixture of ferrosilicon and the other constituents, a ferrosilicon alloy containing the other constituents or a rare earth and a silicon-bearing inoculant containing strontium.

Abstract: An alloy and alloy product has about 1.3% to 1.7% by weight concentration of silicon, along with iron, alloying elements, and inevitable impurities and exhibits improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and sulfide stress cracking in an intensive hydrogen-charged medium wherein H from the medium acts as an alloying element. The alloy is characterized by an Fe--Si--H system wherein Fe is a donor element with respect to Si and Si is an acceptor element with respect to Fe. Further, the alloying elements are Fe--Si noninteractive elements with respect to Fe and Si, such that the presence of the alloying elements are not donor or acceptor elements with respect to Fe or Si. In several alloy compositions, the alloy has between about 1.38% to 1.63% weight Si. The alloy may further include between about 0.10% to 0.25% weight of C. In one particular alloy, the alloy composition includes about 0.18% of C; although, in one alloy product, an alloy is used having about 0.16% to 0.24% weight of C.

Abstract: Titanium killed steel sheets which are not troubled by nozzle clogging while they are produced in a continuous casting process, have few surface defects caused by cluster-type inclusions, and are highly rust resistant, and are formed from a melt of titanium killed steel that contains any one or two of Ca and metals REM in an amount of not smaller than 0.0005% by weight, and wherein the steel contains major oxide inclusions of any one or two of CaO and REM oxides in an amount of from about 5 to 50% by weight, Ti oxides in an amount of not larger than about 90% by weight, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in an amount of not larger than about 70% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to spindle-shaped goethite particles and spindle-shaped hematite particles, which have a narrow particle size distribution, include no dendrites, and have an appropriate particle shape and a large aspect ratio (major axial diameter/minor axial diameter); and spindle-shaped magnetic iron based alloy particles which are obtained from the spindle-shaped goethite particle or spindle-shaped hematite particles as a beginning material and which have a high coercive force and an excellent coercive force distribution. Such spindle-shaped goethite particles comprises: goethite seed containing 0.5 to 25 atm % of Co based on the total Fe in the spindle-shaped goethite particles, and goethite surface layer containing 0.5 to 15 atm % of Al based on the total Fe in the spindle-shaped goethite particles; and having an average major axial diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m.

Abstract: A process for making iron, cobalt and/or nickel base alloys containing rhenium. The process involves melting together the components that form the alloys, at least one of the components being a rhenium master alloy having 30 to 70 wt % rhenium, then casting the resultant melt and allowing the melt to solidify. Possible difficulties such as the formation of rhenium heptoxide are avoided by using a master alloy containing (i) rhenium and (ii) iron, cobalt and/or nickel, instead of sintered rhenium as the rhenium source during the melting step.

Abstract: With the intention of establishing fabrication methods for cheaply produced (Fe,Co)--Cr--B--R-type bonded magnets or (Fe,Co)--Cr--B--R--M-type bonded magnets containing few rare earth elements and having a coercive force iHc above 5 kOe and a residual magnetic flux density Br above 5.5 kG matching the cost performance of hard ferrite magnets, we have obtained iron-based permanent magnets consisting of microcrystal clusters where the average crystal size of each component phase is in the range 1 nm .about.30 nm and where both a soft magnetic phase consisting of a ferromagnetic alloy whose main components are .alpha.-Fe and a ferromagnetic alloy having iron, and a hard magnetic phase having a Nd.sub.2 Fe.sub.

Abstract: Hard magnetic materials of the present invention contain at least one element of Fe, Co and Ni as a main component, at least one element M of Zr, Nb, Ta and Hf, at least one rare earth element R and B. The texture of the materials has at least 70% of fine crystalline phase having an average grain size of 100 nm or less, and the residue having an amorphous phase, the fine crystalline phase mainly composed of bcc-Fe or bcc-Fe compound, Fe--B compound and/or R.sub.2 Fe.sub.14 B.sub.1.

Abstract: Composite bodies of magnetostrictive materials of the type RE-Fe.sub.2, where RE is one or more of the rare earth elements, preferably samarium or terbium, can be suitably hot pressed with a matrix metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium or nickel to form durable and machinable magnetostrictive composites still displaying appreciable magnetostrictive strains.

Abstract: A hard magnetic material of the present invention contains Fe as a main component and further contains elements R and L, and B. Not less than 60% of the structure of the hard magnetic material is composed of a fine crystalline phase having an average grain size of not more than 100 nm and the rest is composed of an amorphous phase. The fine crystalline phase essentially consists of bcc-Fe and contains at least R.sub.2 Fe.sub.14 B.sub.1.

Abstract: A permanent magnetic material of the present invention has a TbCu.sub.7 phase as the principal phase and high magnetic characteristics with an extremely small variation among the values. This permanent magnetic material is expressed in a general formula:R1.sub.X R2.sub.y A.sub.z O.sub.u B.sub.v M.sub.100-x-y-z-u-vwherein R1 is at least one element selected from the rare earth elements including Y, R2 is at least one element selected from Zr, Hf and Sc, A is at least one element selected from hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus, M is at least one element selected from Fe and Co, x, y, z, u and v are atomic percent individually defined as 2.ltoreq.x, 0.01.ltoreq.y, 4.ltoreq.x+y.ltoreq.20, 0.001.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.10, 0.01.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.2, 0<v.ltoreq.10, and a principal phase has a TbCu.sub.7 crystal structure.

Abstract: The magnetic properties of rare earth magnet are improved by means of forming a novel structure of the cast alloy used for the production of a rare earth magnet, which contains from 27 to 34% by weight of at least one rare earth element (R) including yttrium, from 0.7 to 1.4% by weight of boron, and the balance being essentially iron and, occasionally any other transition element, and comprises an R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B phase, an R-rich phase and optionally at least one ternary phase except for the R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B phase and the R-rich phase. The novel structure is that the volume fraction (V) in percentage of said R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B phase and said at least one ternary phase is more than 138-1.6r (with the proviso that r is the content of R), the average grain size of the R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B phases is from 10 to 100 .mu.m and, further, the average spacing between the adjacent R-rich phases is from 3 to 15 .mu.m.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a composition for permanent magnet with excellent magnetic properties exhibiting well the latent ability of the RFeB system tetragonal compounds. The composition for permanent magnet according to the present invention is a complex of (1) a crystalline RFeB or RFeCoB system compound having a tetragonal crystal structure with lattice constants of a.sub.o about 8.8 .ANG. and c.sub.o about 12 .ANG., in which R is at least one of rare earth elements, and (2) a crystalline neodymium oxide having a cubic crystal structure, in which both crystal grains are epitaxially connected and the RFeB or RFeCoB crystal grains are oriented to the c.sub.o direction. The lattice constant a.sub.o of the cubic Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3 is about 4.4 .ANG. which is the half length of the lattice constant a.sub.o about 8.8 .ANG. for the RFeB or RFeCoB tetragonal crystal, and the epitaxial connection is achieved, and the RFeB or RFeCoB crystal grains are oriented to the c.sub.o direction.

Abstract: A container packed with a mixture of powders classified respectively into two or at least three particle-size distribution groups which are different in average particle size, the powders comprising a hydrogen absorbing alloy singly or the combination of such an alloy and a substance not absorbing hydrogen. The mixture is at least 0.03 to not greater than 0.50 in the ratio d.sub.2 /d.sub.1 wherein d.sub.1 is the average particle size of the powder having the particle-size distribution of the largest average particle size, and d.sub.2 is the average particle size of the powder having the particle-size distribution of the second largest average particle size. The weight ratio of the powder to the total weight of the powders is greater when that powder has a particle-size distribution of larger average particle size.

Abstract: The magnetic properties of rare earth magnet are improved by means of forming a novel structure of the cast alloy used for the production of a rare earth magnet, which contains from 27 to 34% by weight of at least one rare earth element (R) including yttrium, from 07 to 1.4% by weight of boron, and the balance being essentially iron and, occasionally any other transition element, and comprises an R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B phase, an R-rich phase and optionally at least one ternary phase except for the R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B phase and the R-rich phase. The novel structure is that the volume fraction (V) in percentage of said R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B phase and said at least one ternary phase is more than 138-1.6r (with the proviso that r is the content of R), the average grain size of the R.sub.2 T.sub.14 B phases is from 10 to 100 .mu.m and, further, the average spacing between the adjacent R-rich phases is from 3 to 15 .mu.m.

Abstract: An age hardenable martensitic steel alloy having a unique combination of very high strength and good toughness consists essentially of, in weight percent, about______________________________________ C 0.21-0.34 Mn 0.20 max. Si 0.10 max. P 0.008 max. S 0.003 max. Cr 1.5-2.80 Mo 0.90-1.80 Ni 10-13 Co 14.0-22.0 Al 0.1 max. Ti 0.05 max. Ce 0.030 max. La 0.010 max. ______________________________________the balance essentially iron. In addition, cerium and sulfur are balanced so that the ratio Ce/S is at least about 2 and not more than about 15. A small but effective amount of calcium can be present in place of some or all of the cerium and lanthanum.

Abstract: A rare earth permanent magnet consisting essentially, by weight, of 27.0-31.0% of at least one rare earth element including Y, 0.5-2.0% of B, 0.02-0.15% of N, 0.25% or less of O, 0.15% or less of C, at least one optional element selected from the group consisting of 0.1-2.0% of Nb, 0.02-2.0% of Al, 0.3-5.0% of Co, 0.01-0.5% of Ga and 0.01-1.0% of Cu, and a balance of Fe, and a production method thereof. The contents of rare earth element, oxygen, carbon and oxygen in the magnet are regulated within the specific ranges.

Abstract: A method of making a permanent magnet wherein 1) a melt is formed having a base alloy composition comprising RE, Fe and/or Co, and B (where RE is one or more rare earth elements) and 2) TR (where TR is a transition metal selected from at least one of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and Al) and at least one of C and N are provided in the base alloy composition melt in substantially stoichiometric amounts to form a thermodynamically stable compound (e.g. TR carbide, nitride or carbonitride). The melt is rapidly solidified in a manner to form particulates having a substantially amorphous (metallic glass) structure and a dispersion of primary TRC, TRN and/or TRC/N precipitates. The amorphous particulates are heated above the crystallization temperature of the base alloy composition to nucleate and grow a hard magnetic phase to an optimum grain size and to form secondary TRC, TRN and/or TRC/N precipitates dispersed at grain boundaries.

Abstract: An iron-rare earth metal permanent magnetic composition, comprising predominant phase having a body-centered tetragonal structure, and consisting essentially of an iron-based alloy having a composition represented by the formula:Fe.sub.a R.sub.b M.sub.c N.sub.d B.sub.e C.sub.f Co.sub.g Ni.sub.hwherein R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Th and the lanthanide elements;M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, V, Zr, Nb, Al, Mo, Mn, Hf, Ta, W, Mg, Si, Sn, Ge and Ga;the elements are present in atomic percentages indicated by a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h, wherein a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h=100 atomic %; and further,3.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.300.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.300.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.500.ltoreq.e.ltoreq.500.ltoreq.f.ltoreq.50provided that 0.3.ltoreq.d+e+f.ltoreq.500.ltoreq.g.ltoreq.50 and0.ltoreq.h<30.

Abstract: A rare earth-iron-nitrogen magnet alloy contains a rare earth element (at least one of the lanthanoids including Y), iron and nitrogen as its main components, or may further contain at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Al, Si and C as another main component M. The main phase of the alloy also contains 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of at least one of Li, Na, X, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba.

Abstract: A magnet consists essentially of 4-8 at % of R, 10-20 at % of N, 2-10 at % of M, and the balance of T wherein R is at least one rare earth element, Sm being present in R in a proportion of at least 50 at %, T is Fe or Fe and Co, M is Zr with or without partial replacement by at least one element of Ti, V, Cr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Mo, W, Al, C, and P. Contained in the magnet are a hard magnetic phase based on R, T, and N and containing at least one crystalline phase selected from TbCu.sub.7, Th.sub.2 Zn.sub.17, and Th.sub.2 Ni.sub.17 types and a soft magnetic phase consisting of a T phase having a bcc structure, the soft magnetic phase having a mean grain size of 5-60 nm and being present in a proportion of 10-60% by volume. This construction ensures high coercivity, high squareness ratio, and high maximum energy product.

Abstract: A heavy-wall steel having a flange thickness of about 40 mm or more and possessing excellent strength, toughness, weldability, and seismic resistance capable of being used for structure members such as columns and beams of high-rise buildings. The heavy-wall steel has a tensile strength of about 490-690 MPa, a yield ratio of about 80% or less, and Charpy absorbed energy at 0.degree. C. of about 27 J or more at the center in terms of thickness of the flange portion in each of the rolling direction, the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, and the plate-thickness direction.

Abstract: In a non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet including about 0.01 wt % or less of C, about 1.0 wt % or less of Si, Mn in a range of about 0.1 wt % to 1.5 wt %, Al in a range of about 0.2 wt % to 1.5 wt %; the steel sheet having a critical amount of about 2 to 80 ppm rare earth metal, and the quantities of Ti and Zr in the steel sheet being limited to about 15 ppm or less of Ti, and about 80 ppm or less of Zr. The sheet exhibits excellent magnetic characteristics, such as iron loss, even when punched and laminated sheets are stress relief annealed at a low temperature for a short period of time.

Abstract: A method of making a rare earth compound, such as a earth-transition metal permanent magnet compound, without the need for producing rare earth metal as a process step, comprises carbothermically reacting a rare earth oxide to form a rare earth carbide and heating the rare earth carbide, a compound-forming reactant (e.g. a transition metal and optional boron), and a carbide-forming element (e.g. a refractory metal) that forms a carbide that is more thermodynamically favorable than the rare earth carbide whereby the rare earth compound (e.g. Nd.sub.2 Fe.sub.14 B or LaNi.sub.5) and a carbide of the carbide-forming element are formed.

Abstract: An alloy ingot for permanent magnet consists essentially of rare earth metal and iron and optionally boron. The two-component alloy ingot contains 90 vol % or more of crystals having a crystal grain size along a short axis of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m and that along a long axis of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m. The three-component alloy ingot contains 90 vol % or more of crystals having a crystal grain size along a short axis of 0.1 to 50 .mu.m and that along a long axis of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m. The alloy ingot is produced by solidifying the molten alloy uniformly at a cooling rate of 10.degree. to 1000.degree. C./sec. at a sub-cooling degree of 10.degree. to 500.degree. C. A permanent magnet and anisotropic powders are produced from the alloy ingot.

Abstract: An alloy ingot for permanent magnet consists essentially of rare earth metal and iron and optionally boron. The two-component alloy ingot contains 90 vol % or more of crystals having a crystal grain size along a short axis of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m and that along a long axis of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m. The three-component alloy ingot contains 90 vol % or more of crystals having a crystal grain size along a short axis of 0.1 to 50 .mu.m and that along a long axis of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m. The alloy ingot is produced by solidifying the molten alloy uniformly at a cooling rate of 10.degree. to 1000.degree. C./sec. at a sub-cooling degree of 10.degree. to 500.degree. C. A permanent magnet and anisotropic powders are produced from the alloy ingot.

Abstract: Magnetic materials comprising Fe, B, R (rare earth elements) and Co having a major phase of Fe--Co--B--R intermetallic compound(s) of tetragonal systems and sintered anisotropic permanent magnets consisting essentially of, by atomic percent, 8-30% R (at least one of rare earth elements inclusive of Y), 2-28% B, no less than 50% Co, and the balance being Fe with impurities. Those may contain additional elements M (Ti, Ni, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Al, Sb, Ge, Sn, Zr, Hf) providing Fe--Co--B--R--M type materials and magnets.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating an R--Fe--B based alloy magnetic powder excellent in magnetic anisotropy, and an R--Fe--B--Co based alloy magnetic powder excellent in magnetic anisotropy and temperature characteristic an R--Fe--B based alloy is subjected to hydrogenation under pressurized hydrogen gas and to dehydrogenation. Excellent magnetic properties and stable with less variation in range can be attained in an industrial fabrication by using a plurality of divided reaction tubes. Moreover, the R--Fe--B--Co based alloy magnetic powder is constituted of an aggregate structure including, as a main phase, a recrystallized structure of an extremely fine R.sub.2 Fe.sub.14 B type phase with an average grain size of 0.05 to 3 .mu.m, and has excellent magnetic anisotropy and temperature characteristic. Additionally, a resin bonded magnet excellent in magnetic properties and temperature characteristic is fabricated by injection molding or compression molding using the above R--Fe--B--Co based alloy magnetic powder.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a two-phase magnetic material that includes as the major phase a crystalline alloy of one or more rare earth metals, boron and iron, substantially all of the crystallites of which have a size of less than 35 nanometers, and as the minor phase .alpha.-Fe, involves the steps of (i) melt spinning an alloy consisting of up to 12 atomic percent of one or more rare earth metals, 3 to 7 atomic percent of boron and the balance iron or a mixture of iron and cobalt; (ii) quenching the melt spun alloy form step (i) under conditions such that a mixture of crystalline and amorphous material is produced, (iii) subjecting the material from step (ii) to an annealing treatment under conditions such that controlled crystal growth occurs to provide the crystalline alloy phase, substantially all of which has a particle size of less than 35 nanometers, the resulting materials having a remanence in excess of the theoretical value of 0.8 Tesla.

Abstract: A low boron amorphous alloy having excellent soft magnetic characteristics, composed of B: about 6-10 at %, Si: about 10-17 at %, P: about 0.02-2 at % and the balance Fe and incidental impurities. The invention lowers production costs because the content of expensive boron is reduced.

Abstract: A rare earth iron permanent magnet including at least one rare earth element, iron and boron as primary ingredients. The magnet can have an average grain diameter of less than or equal to about 150 .mu.m and a carbon content of less than or equal to about 400 ppm and a oxygen content of less than or equal to about 1000 ppm. The permanent magnet is prepared by casting a molten alloy. In one embodiment, the cast body is heat treated at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 250.degree. C. Alternatively, the material can be cast and hot worked at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 500.degree. C. Finally, the material can be cast, hot worked at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 500.degree. C. and then heat treated at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 250.degree. C. The magnets provided in accordance with the invention are relatively inexpensive to produce an have excellent performance characteristics.

Abstract: There is provided according to the present invention a magnetic alloy with ultrafine crystal grains having a composition represented by the general formula:Fe.sub.100-x-y M.sub.x B.sub.y (atomic %)wherein M represents at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Mo, Ta, Cr, W and Mn, 4.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.15, 2.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.25, and 7.ltoreq.x+y.ltoreq.35, at least 50% of the alloy structure being occupied by crystal grains having an average grain size of 500 .ANG. or less, and the crystal grains being based on a bcc structure. It may further contain X (Si, Ge, P, Ga, etc.) and/or T (Au, Co, Ni, etc.). This magnetic alloy has an excellent saturation magnetic flux density, permeability and heat resistance.

Abstract: There is provided an accicular ferromagnetic metal powder with which one can produce magnetic media for high-density recording that are improved in storage stability and magnetic characteristics.The improved ferromagnetic metal powder essentially consists of iron and 50 atm % based on the amount of iron of cobalt and at least one of aluminum and yttrium or any other rare earth element and contains no more than 0.05 wt % of an element of Group Ia of the periodic table (Li, Na, K). The amount of aluminum is in the range of 0.1-30 atm %, the amount of yttrium or any other rare earth element is in the range of and 0.1-10 atm %, each being based on the total quantity of the metal elements present. In either of these cases, the residue of an element of Group IIa of the periodic table (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) is preferably 0.1 wt % or less.

Abstract: A permanent magnet alloy and method for production thereof. The permanent magnet alloy has a rare earth element including Nd, B, Fe, C, and oxygen, with additions of Co and at least one of Cu, Ga and Ag. The alloy may be produced by contacting particles thereof with carbon- and oxygen-containing material to achieve desired carbon and oxygen contents.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium of the coating type using a metal magnetic powder, for the purpose of improving switching field distribution (SFD) and electromagnetic properties, there is used a metal magnetic powder based on iron and containing Al and/or Si and a rare earth element, the content of Al and/or Si being 0.5 to 8% by weight based on the iron and the content of rare earth element (inclusive of Y) being 1 to 10% by weight based on the iron, and optionally 6 to 30% by weight of Co, preferably having a length of 0.06 to 0.30 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of from 4 to 15.

Abstract: Disclosed are a hydrogen storage alloy which contains carbon in a proportion of from 30 to 500 ppm and is represented by the stoichiometric formula A.sub.x B.sub.5.0, wherein A is La or a mixture of La with at least one rare earth metal other than La, B is at least one metal selected from a group consisting of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, V, Zn and Zr, and x is a rational number in the range 0.95.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.1.00; and has a texture in which only the intermetallic compound phase named AB.sub.5 phase is present and every other intermetallic compound phase is absent: and a method of producing said alloy and an electrode using the same.

Abstract: A rare earth iron permanent magnet including at least one rare earth element, iron and boron as primary ingredients. The magnet can have an average grain diameter of less than or equal to about 150 .mu.m and a carbon content of less than or equal to about 400 ppm and a oxygen content of less than or equal to about 1000 ppm. The permanent magnet is prepared by casting a molten alloy. In one embodiment, the cast body is heat treated at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 250.degree. C. Alternatively, the material can be cast and hot worked at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 500.degree. C. Finally, the material can be cast, hot worked at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 500.degree. C. and then heat treated at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 250.degree. C. The magnets provided in accordance with the invention are relatively inexpensive to produce an have excellent performance characteristics.

Abstract: A rare earth-cobalt supermagnetostrictive alloy having a composition represented by the general formula, in atomic fraction: R (Co.sub.1-x Fe.sub.x).sub.x, wherein 0.001.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.8, 0.2.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.15, and R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu and is consisting essentially of a cubic system whose easy axis of magnetization is generally <100> or <110> oriented; or R (Co.sub.1-x Fe.sub.x).sub.x, wherein 0.001.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.8, 0.2.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.15, and R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, and Lu. Such an alloy exhibits satisfactory magnetostriction in a wide range of temperatures from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature.

Abstract: A permanent magnet is composed of a magnetic material which is represented by a general formula R1.sub.x R2.sub.y A.sub.z Co.sub.u Fe.sub.100-x-y-z-u (where R1 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements, R2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Zr and Hf, A is at least one element selected from the group of C, N and P, and x,y,z and u are atomic percent defined as 2.ltoreq.x, 4.ltoreq.x+y.ltoreq.20, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.20, 0.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.70), wherein the material includes a principal phase of TbCu.sub.7 structure and .alpha.-Fe, a peak width at half height of the main peak of X-ray diffraction of the principal phase obtained by using Cu-K.alpha. X-rays with the resolution of 0.02.degree. or less is about 0.8.degree. or less, and a ratio of peak intensity between the principal phase and .alpha.-Fe satisfies a relation that the value of I.sub.Fe /(I.sub.p +I.sub.Fe) is about 0.4 or less where I.sub.

Abstract: For the purpose of establishing the manufacturing method to obtain the Fe.sub.3 B type Fe--Co--B--R--M system high performance resin bonded magnet which possesses improved iHc and (BH)max and can be reliably mass produced, the specific composition of Fe--Co--B--R (Pr, Nd)--M(Ag, Al, Si, Ga, Cu, Au) type molten alloy was rapidly solidified by the melt-quenching or atomization methods, or a combination of the two methods to obtain more than 90% of the solid in an essentially amorphous structure. After the temperature was raised at the rate of 1.degree..about.15.degree. C./min., the alloy was heat treated at 550.degree..about.730.degree. C. for 5 minutes.about.6 hours to obtain Fe-rich the boron compound phase, which crystallizes the body centered tetragonal Fe.sub.3 P type crystalline structure, and the Nd.sub.2 Fe.sub.14 B type crystalline structure phase both coexisting as fine crystalline clusters of the average crystalline diameter of 5 nm.about.100 nm.

Abstract: There is provided a metallic magnetic powder with which one can produce magnetic media for high-density recording that are improved in storage stability and magnetic characteristics.The improved ferromagnetic metal powder contains no more than 0.05 wt % of an element of Group Ia of the periodic table. The powder may optionally contain 0.1-30 atm % of aluminum and/or 0.1-10 atm % of Y or any other rare earth element based on the total quantity of the metal elements present. In either of these cases, the residue of an element of Group IIa of the periodic table is preferably 0.1 wt % or less.

Abstract: A magnetic material with an improved maximum energy product useful for high performance permanent magnet, bond magnet and other applications is disclosed. The magnetic material is expressed in a general formula R1.sub.x R2.sub.y M.sub.100-x-y where R1 is at least one element selected from the rare earth elements, R2 is at least one element selected from elements having an atomic radius in a range of 0.156 to 0.174 nm, M is at least one element selected from Fe and Co and x and y are atomic percent individually defined as x.gtoreq.2, y.gtoreq.0.01 and 4.ltoreq.x+y.ltoreq.20, and M occupying 90 atomic percent or more in the principal phase of the compound.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of alloys of the SE.sub.2 Fe.sub.17-x TM.sub.xN.sub.y type where SE stands for a rare earth metal, including Y or a mixture of these metals, while TM stands for Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Ga, Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, Si, A1, V, Mo, Cr, Zn or Sn or a mixture of these metals, x=0 to 10, y=>0 to 5 is described. The preparation involves calciothermal reduction of a finely divided, homogeneous mixture of the alloying components, subsequent diffusion of the components, followed by nitriding and separating the calcium oxide and excess calcium formed. The method is characterized by:a) Preparation of an alloy of the SE.sub.2 Fe.sub.17-x TM.sub.x bya1) Adjusting the exothermic reaction of the calciothermal reduction by the oxide content of the reaction mixture, so that T.sub.M >TR .gtoreq.0.9 T.sub.M where T.sub.M is the melting temperature of the intermetallic phase, and T.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic material which suppresses formation of impurity phase of Fe, Co or Fe-Co alloy, possesses a stable ThMn.sub.12 crystal structure as the principal phase, and is excellent in magnetic properties and lower in cost. Such magnetic material is expressed in a general formula:R1.sub.x R2.sub.y Si.sub.z M.sub.u T.sub.vwhere R1is at least one element selected from Zr and Hf, R2is at least one element selected from rare earth element, M is at least one element selected from C, N and P, T is at least one element selected from Fe and Co, x+y+z+u+v=100, x, y, z, u, v are atomic percent individually defined as 0.1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.20, 2.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20, 0.5.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.20, 0.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.20, v.gtoreq.50, and of which principal phase possesses a ThMn.sub.12 crystal structure.