Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling an amine contactor are provided. An exemplary method includes determining a pickup ratio for a solvent in the contactor, measuring a temperature of a lower tray of the contactor, adjusting the pickup ratio based, at least in part, on the temperature, and adjusting a flow rate for an injection of lean solvent into the contactor based, at least in part, on the pickup ratio.

Abstract: A device increasing engine efficiency and reducing exhaust and noise, comprising: the liquid catalyst pressured spraying exhaust gas reducing system, the exhaust gas bypass pipe, and the high temperature plasma exhaust gas reducing device, and the three are linked to achieve the effect of: without replacing the catalytic converter, the catalyst carrier can easily remove accumulated dirt and the block on the through holes, reduce the resistance of the exhaust gas, increase the horsepower of the engine, etc., thereby improving the efficiency of the engine and reducing the exhaust gas, so as to achieve degrading pollutants, makes vehicles comply with environmental regulations, and saves maintenance costs.

Abstract: Systems and methods including a plurality of reformer stacks extended around the combustion chamber. The reformer stacks are distributed along a length of the combustion chamber in the axial direction and configured to provide output products to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A device includes a chemical solution flow path in which a chemical solution containing polymers flows; a laser beam irradiator configured to irradiate a laser beam to the chemical solution flow path such that an optical path is intersected with a flow direction of the chemical solution in the chemical solution flow path; a light receiving element provided in the optical path passing through the chemical solution flow path; a detector configured to detect, based on a signal output from the light receiving element, an abnormality in a state of polymers corresponding to a majority of the polymers contained in the chemical solution or configured to detect a ratio between a chemical solution containing the polymers and another chemical solution in the chemical solution flow path.

Abstract: The present technology relates to an analytical device for quantitative or qualitative analysis of one or more analytes in a sample. The analytical device comprises a reaction component and a capping component. The reaction component is capable of performing an analysis on a sample placed within an inner reaction chamber that is connected to an output end and conduit that eliminates the air or liquid component of the sample. Once the output end is sealed, the inner reaction chamber may be used as an extraction, reaction and analysis chamber with an optically clear path for interrogation of the sample. The analytical device may also feature a sealing device that seals the inner reaction chamber during analysis. The sealing device may also have an inner chamber for accommodating lyophilized reagents that can be added at any point during the procedure.

Abstract: A flue gas cleaning solution purification system includes: a scrubber for removing contaminants from flue gas by using a cleaning solution; a cleaning solution purification unit for purifying the contaminated cleaning solution discharged from the scrubber; a cleaning solution resupply unit for resupplying the cleaning solution having been purified by the cleaning solution purification unit to the scrubber; and a sludge treatment unit for treating and storing sludge discharged from the cleaning solution purification unit, wherein the cleaning solution purification unit includes: a circulation buffer tank for temporarily storing the discharged contaminated cleaning solution; a coagulant supply apparatus for supplying a coagulant which coagulates contaminants of the contaminated cleaning solution discharged from the scrubber; a settling apparatus for primarily purifying the contaminated cleaning solution discharged from the scrubber by enabling settling of the contaminants; and a filtering apparatus for secondar

Abstract: A bacteria treatment mechanism and a bacteria treatment method capable of reliably sterilizing an exterior of an article are provided. A bacteria treatment mechanism includes: a bacteria treatment unit that has a space for performing bacteria treatment; a radiation irradiation unit that irradiates the bacteria treatment unit with radiation for performing the bacteria treatment; an air supply duct that supplies air to the bacteria treatment unit; a decontamination treatment fluid supply unit that supplies a decontamination treatment fluid to the air supply duct during initial decontamination of the air supply duct; and an exhaust duct that exhausts molecules in the bacteria treatment unit.

Abstract: A novel concept for a high energy and material efficient nitric acid production process and system is provided, wherein the nitric acid production process and system, particularly integrated with an ammonia production process and system, is configured to recover a high amount of energy out of the ammonia that it is consuming, particularly in the form of electricity, while maintaining a high nitric acid recovery in the conversion of ammonia to nitric acid. The energy recovery and electricity generation process comprises pressurizing a liquid gas, such as air, oxygen and/or N2, subsequently evaporating and heating the pressurized liquid gas, particularly using low grade waste heat generated in the production of nitric acid and/or ammonia, and subsequently expanding the evaporated pressurized liquid gas over a turbine. In particular, the generated electricity is at least partially used to power an electrolyzer to generate the hydrogen needed for the production of ammonia.

Abstract: Disclosed are ruthenium-based catalyst systems, hafnium-based catalyst systems, and yttrium-based catalyst systems for use in ammonia decomposition. Catalyst systems include ruthenium, hafnium, and/or yttrium optionally in combination with one or more additional metals that can be catalytic or catalyst promoters. Hafnium-based and yttrium-based catalyst systems can be free of ruthenium. The catalyst systems also include a support material. Disclosed catalyst systems can decompose ammonia at relatively low temperatures and can provide an efficient and cost-effective route to utilization of ammonia as a carbon-free hydrogen storage and generation material.

Abstract: A process for maintaining an optimum polymerization process in a continuous loop polymerization reactor by driving a catalyst feed range set-point around a bad catalyst set-point range using a bad catalyst feed rate program to vary the catalyst feed rate for differing periods of time between previously determined good catalyst feed rates.

Abstract: Various embodiments concern a sprayer having a blower that outputs a HVLP flow of air into a hose, the hose connecting with a spray gun. A pressure sensor measures pressure of the HVLP air within the hose via a tube that branches from a fitting to which the hose connects. If the sensor indicates that the pressure level has increased above a threshold amount, indicating that the trigger of the spray gun is not being actuated, then power output to the blower is reduced (e.g., stopped). HVLP air is trapped within the hose by two valves when the trigger is not actuated. When the sensor indicates that the pressure level has decreased, corresponding to release of the trapped HVLP air into the gun for spraying by actuation of the trigger, power to the blower is increased (e.g., resumed).

Abstract: An exhaust gas turbine (30) for expanding exhaust gas, comprising a turbine housing (33) having an inflow housing portion (35) for exhaust gas to be expanded and an outflow housing portion (36) for expanded exhaust gas, a turbine rotor (34) received by the turbine housing (33), the turbine rotor (34) being rotatable about an axis of rotation, a metering means (42) for a reducing agent or a precursor substance of a reducing agent, wherein the reducing agent or the precursor substance can be introduced into the expanded exhaust gas via the metering device (42), and with a swirl atomizer (43), rotating together with the turbine rotor (34), for the reducing agent or the precursor substance, the reducing agent or the precursor substance being atomizable in the expanded exhaust gas via the swirl atomizer (43), the swirl atomizer (43) engaging the turbine rotor (34) at a downstream, hub-side portion of the turbine rotor (34).

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust gas purification apparatus having a control device that monitors the transition of a detection value of each of an upstream NOx sensor and a downstream NOx sensor, and when the NOx purification rate of the SCR catalyst falls to a value of a first threshold or lower, generates an abnormality detection signal indicating that an over storage state has occurred in an SCR catalyst if the amount of change in the detection value of the upstream NOx sensor per unit time is at least a second threshold and the amount of change in the detection value of the downstream NOx sensor per unit time is at most a third threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: a gas maintenance system having a gas supply system fluidly connected to one or more gas discharge chambers; a detection apparatus fluidly connected to each gas discharge chamber; and a control system connected to the gas maintenance system and the detection apparatus. The detection apparatus includes: a vessel defining a reaction cavity that houses a metal oxide and is fluidly connected to the gas discharge chamber for receiving mixed gas including fluorine from the gas discharge chamber in the reaction cavity, the vessel enabling a reaction between the fluorine of the received mixed gas and the metal oxide to form a new gas mixture including oxygen; and an oxygen sensor fluidly connected to the new gas mixture to sense an amount of oxygen within the new gas mixture. The control system is configured to estimate a concentration of fluorine in the received mixed gas.

Abstract: An automated system of reactors carries out a solid-phase peptide synthesis, and more particularly a solid-phase peptide synthesizer which is automated, by means of a reactor with a liquid-recirculation loop making it possible to measure, in real time, chemical species in the reactor via measuring cells. This system includes inlet pipes, namely: pipes dedicated to the introduction of resin, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the synthesis and washing solvent, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the agent for deprotecting the amino acid introduced, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the reagents, and includes an assembly reactor and a loop for recirculation of the liquid of the reactor.

Abstract: The invention discloses a bionic human esophagus and stomach digestive system including a bionic stomach assembly and a bionic esophagus assembly. The bionic stomach assembly includes a bionic stomach including a stomach body provided with a pylorus and a cardia, a rolling compression apparatus disposed outside the stomach body for performing rolling compression on the bionic stomach, and a gastric juice tube in fluid communication with the stomach body. The bionic esophagus assembly includes a bionic esophagus in fluid communication with the cardia, a first and second esophagus clamp which are respectively clamped at two ends of the bionic esophagus for controlling the esophagus to be opened or closed, and a vibrator disposed between the first and second esophagus clamps for driving the bionic esophagus to vibrate. In the application, the bionic stomach and esophagus are subject to mechanical compression and vibration, thereby simulating a real stomach digestive system.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a link motion-based food swallowing simulator comprising a swallowing module including a bionic oral cavity assembly, a shred collecting assembly and a supporting assembly wherein two side plates of a maxillary base of the bionic oral cavity assembly connect to a mounting plate of the supporting assembly, wherein the shred collecting assembly is positioned on a mounting base of the supporting assembly; an adjusting module, positioned under the mounting base, includes a bearing assembly and an adjusting assembly wherein the bearing assembly is disposed on the adjusting assembly, achieving the simulation of the food swallowing mechanism from static to dynamic. The adoption of the driving module realizes the swallowing action through link motion simulation, simulating the swallowing process of the human body and the swallowing process of the patient lying on the back through adjusting modules, improving the swallowing situation with higher adaptability.

Abstract: A method of producing a gas mixture, said method comprising the steps of: a) subjecting water to electrolysis to obtain a hydrogen gas stream and an oxygen gas stream; b) reacting the hydrogen gas stream with solid carbon to obtain a stream comprising hydrocarbon gas, such as methane gas; and c) mixing the oxygen gas stream with the stream comprising hydrocarbon gas.

Abstract: A control device for controlling a flue gas denitrizer including a reductant supply part for supplying a reductant to an exhaust gas passage to which an exhaust gas from a boiler is introduced. The control device comprises: a storage part which stores a plurality of opening degree patterns of a plurality of first valves corresponding to a plurality of operational states of the boiler respectively; an opening degree pattern acquisition part configured to acquire an opening degree pattern corresponding to a present operational state of the boiler among the plurality of opening degree patterns from the storage part; and a first valve control part configured to regulate an opening degree of each of the plurality of first valves, on the basis of the opening degree pattern acquired by the opening degree pattern acquisition part.

Abstract: An urea injection control system for an internal combustion engine, specifically adapted to apply a scheme for decreasing a NOx level downstream of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst of an ICE related exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The present disclosure also relates to a corresponding computer implemented method and a computer program product.

Abstract: Fuel reform apparatus includes: internal combustion engine including injector and configured so that compression-ignition combustion is carried out in combustion chamber; reform unit interposed in fuel supply path from fuel tank to injector and including reformer reforming fuel stored in fuel tank by oxidation reaction; and controller including CPU and memory. Controller performs: estimating progress level of oxidation reaction in reformer; and controlling operation of reform unit based on progress level of oxidation reaction estimated.

Abstract: A method for storing and delivering hydrogen gas is described. The method includes reacting a chemical hydride with water in the presence of a synergist. The synergist advances the extent of reaction of the chemical hydride with water to increase the yield of hydrogen production. The synergist reacts with byproducts formed in the reaction of the chemical hydride with water that would otherwise inhibit progress of the reaction. As a result, a greater fraction of hydrogen available from a chemical hydride is released as hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A method for removing hydrogen sulphide ions (HS?) from a liquor (300) of a pulp mill process, the method comprising pumping the liquor (300) to an injector arrangement (710) using a pump arrangement (720) such that the pumping of the liquor (300) through a jet nozzle (115) generates suction at a gas inlet (130), whereby reagent gas (310) is mixed with the liquor (300), and letting out the treated liquor (300) from the injector arrangement (710) to a vessel (200). In this way, the liquor (300) is treated to form at least partly treated liquor (300). A corresponding use of an injector arrangement. A system for performing the method.

Abstract: A method for reprocessing a medical device uses a medical device processor with an enclosure for holding the medical device. The enclosure also has a reservoir containing a disinfectant, a water source, and a mixing chamber that retains the medical device. The method delivers disinfectant from the reservoir to an internal channel of the medical device, and further delivers water from the water source to the mixing chamber. A flow sensor is operable to monitor the disinfectant delivered to the internal channels of the medical device.

Abstract: A nuclear reactor in one embodiment includes a cylindrical body having an internal cavity, a nuclear fuel core, and a shroud disposed in the cavity. The shroud comprises an inner shell, an outer shell, and a plurality of intermediate shells disposed between the inner and outer shells. Pluralities of annular cavities are formed between the inner and outer shells which are filled with primary coolant such as demineralized water. The coolant-filled annular cavities may be sealed at the top and bottom and provide an insulating effect to the shroud. In one embodiment, the shroud may comprise a plurality of vertically-stacked self-supported shroud segments which are coupled together.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus includes an SCR catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage, a heating device that heats the SCR catalyst, a urea solution supply device that supplies a urea solution to an upstream side of the SCR catalyst, a controller that operates the heating device and the urea solution supply device, and at least one sensor that acquires information related to a state of the exhaust gas control apparatus. The controller executes a state determination process for determining whether the exhaust gas control apparatus is currently in a predetermined state in which ammonia is not adsorbable on the SCR catalyst based on the information from the at least one sensor, and a heating avoidance process for avoiding heating the SCR catalyst with the heating device irrespective of an operating condition of the internal combustion engine when the exhaust gas control apparatus is currently in the predetermined state.

Abstract: The application relates to a process for operating in starting mode or in stand-by mode a unit, termed power-to-gas unit, comprising a number N of reactors (1) with a stack of elemental electrolysis cells of solid oxide type (SOEC), the cathodes of which are made of methanation reaction catalyst material(s).

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system for use with an over-the-road vehicle is disclosed. The exhaust aftertreatment system includes a flash-boil doser mounted to an exhaust conduit and a catalyst coupled to the exhaust conduit. The flash-boil doser configured to inject heated and pressurized reducing agent into an exhaust passageway defined by the exhaust conduit for distribution throughout exhaust gases passed through the exhaust conduit. The catalyst configured to react the reducing agent with the nitrous oxide in the flow of exhaust gases to provide treated exhaust gases with a reduced nitrous oxide amount.

Abstract: A scalable, portable and modular chlorine dioxide fumigant decontamination system having an activating area and a neutralizing area which may be housed separately or as a single operationally connected unit, and which may be configured as a closed loop system connected to a decontamination chamber for decontamination of articles, or as an open loop system for decontamination of interiors and large confined spaces, and employing a specialized activating cup that is permeable to air yet substantially impermeable to water and chlorine dioxide reaction by-products such that directing air through the activation cup releases nearly pure chlorine dioxide fumigant. Methods and articles relating to the system are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dosing system for a turbocharger turbine of an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, the dosing system comprising a distribution device and a metering device. The distribution device comprises a receiving surface, and at least one distribution surface. The receiving surface is equipped to receive exhaust additive dosed to the distribution device. The distribution surface is in fluid communication with the receiving surface and is equipped to distribute exhaust additive in an exhaust stream passing through the turbocharger turbine by a rotary motion of the distribution device. The distribution device is attached to a shaft or hub of the turbocharger turbine. The metering device comprises a supply channel, a metering valve, and a dosing pipe arranged downstream of the metering valve in the direction of flow of reductant when dosing. The metering device is arranged to supply exhaust additive to the receiving surface of the distribution device.

Abstract: A planting implement including a toolbar and a seed metering system supported by the toolbar. The seed metering system includes at least one row unit. Each row unit includes a frame, an auxiliary seed hopper supported by the frame, a seed meter fluidly coupled to the auxiliary seed hopper, and a vacuum fan fluidly coupled to the auxiliary seed hopper and the seed meter in a closed fluid system in which the vacuum fan recirculates air through the auxiliary seed hopper and the seed meter.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and associate system for removing acid gas from a sour gas stream are provided. The method includes (1) passing the sour gas stream in a counter-flow arrangement with an encapsulated phase change material and a lean amine based sorbent liquid configured to absorb the acid gas from the sour gas stream in an absorber; (2) separating the rich amine based sorbent liquid and the encapsulated phase change material; (3) passing the rich amine based sorbent liquid to an amine regenerator wherein the rich amine based sorbent liquid is heated to release the absorbed sour gas and regenerate the lean amine based sorbent liquid; and (4) passing the encapsulated phase change material and the regenerated lean amine based sorbent liquid through a cooler to reduce the temperature of the encapsulated phase change material such that the phase change material in the encapsulated phase change material solidifies.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and associate system for removing acid gas from a sour gas stream are provided. The method includes (1) passing the sour gas stream in a counter-flow arrangement with an encapsulated phase change material and a lean amine based sorbent liquid configured to absorb the acid gas from the sour gas stream in an absorber; (2) separating the rich amine based sorbent liquid and the encapsulated phase change material; (3) passing the rich amine based sorbent liquid to an amine regenerator wherein the rich amine based sorbent liquid is heated to release the absorbed sour gas and regenerate the lean amine based sorbent liquid; and (4) passing the encapsulated phase change material and the regenerated lean amine based sorbent liquid through a cooler to reduce the temperature of the encapsulated phase change material such that the phase change material in the encapsulated phase change material solidifies.

Abstract: A method for operating a nitrogen oxide sensor of a vehicle having a first nitrogen oxide sensor, a second nitrogen oxide sensor and a catalytic converter, one of the first and second nitrogen oxide sensors being arranged upstream of the catalytic converter with respect to the exhaust gas flow direction, and the other of the first and second nitrogen oxide sensors being arranged downstream of the catalytic converter, includes: determining a first characteristic value of the first nitrogen oxide sensor; determining a second characteristic value of the second nitrogen oxide sensor determining a ratio of the first characteristic value to the second characteristic value; and adapting a sensor or measured value of the second nitrogen oxide sensor in accordance with the ratio of the first characteristic value to the second characteristic value.

Abstract: Dry thawing systems and devices for thawing biological substances are provided herein. Methods for thawing biological substances are also provided.

Abstract: An NH3 supply amount controller reduces and adjusts a supply amount of NH3 to an SCR catalyst by an NH3 supplier, when an exhaust gas flowing into an NOX catalyst has a rich air-fuel ratio and NOX occluded by the NOX catalyst is reduced to N2. A reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set smaller when a temperature of the NOX catalyst detected or estimated by an NOX catalyst temperature detector is higher.

Abstract: An NH3 supply amount controller reduces and adjusts a supply amount of NH3 to an SCR catalyst by an NH3 supplier, when an exhaust gas flowing into an NOx catalyst has a rich air-fuel ratio and NOx occluded by the NOx catalyst is reduced to N2. A reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set larger when s flow amount of the exhaust gas detected or estimated by an exhaust-gas flow amount detector is larger.

Abstract: An NH3 supply amount controller reduces and adjusts a supply amount of NH3 to an SCR catalyst by an NH3 supplier, when an exhaust gas flowing into an NOX catalyst has a rich air-fuel ratio and NOX occluded by the NOX catalyst is reduced to N2. A reduction amount of the supply amount of the NH3 controlled by the NH3 supply amount controller is set larger when an amount of reducing agent detected or estimated by a reducing agent amount detector is larger.

Abstract: An automotive exhaust aftertreatment system includes an onboard ammonium carbamate reactor. The onboard ammonium carbamate reactor is coupled to a diesel emission fluid reservoir also included in the system and is configured to generate aqueous ammonium carbamate solution from diesel emission fluid. A doser configured to inject the generated aqueous ammonium carbamate solution has integrated heating.

Abstract: Systems and methods for steam and catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon inlet stream comprising hydrocarbons. Systems and methods can include a catalyst feed stream, where the catalyst feed stream comprises a fluid and a heterogeneous catalyst, the heterogeneous catalyst operable to catalyze cracking of the hydrocarbons on surfaces of the heterogeneous catalyst a steam feed stream, where the steam feed stream is operable to effect steam cracking of the hydrocarbons, and where the steam feed stream decreases coking of the heterogeneous catalyst; and a downflow reactor, where the downflow reactor is operable to accept and mix the hydrocarbon inlet stream, the catalyst feed stream, and the steam feed stream, where the downflow reactor is operable to produce light olefins by steam cracking and catalytic cracking, and where the downflow reactor is operable to allow the heterogeneous catalyst to flow downwardly by gravity.

Abstract: Performing a decontamination process by introducing a decontamination agent into a first containment, the first containment is being surrounded by a housing having a primary inlet for admitting a gas medium into the first containment, and a primary outlet for discharging the gas medium from the first containment. The primary outlet leads to an area external to the first containment, into the open atmosphere, or to a second containment and has a gas-technology connection to a first catalyst unit through which the gas medium flows. By means of the at least first catalyst unit, the decontamination agent, which is introduced into the first containment during the decontamination process and enters with the gas medium into the area, open atmosphere or the second containment, can be split into non-critical components and degraded to a non-critical residual concentration.

Abstract: An alcohol-based solvent chiller includes an insulated vessel; a spiral-shaped heat exchanger designed specifically to chill alcohol-based solvents that become viscous at low temperatures within the insulated vessel; a cryogenic tank with pressure building capability that will force coolant through the heat exchanger at a specific pressure; and a cryogenic pump to circulate viscous cryogenic temperature liquids within the insulated vessel.

Abstract: A medical device processor includes an enclosure for holding at least one medical device, a first reservoir containing a disinfectant therein, a water source containing water therein and in fluid communication with a mixing chamber, and a liquid distribution system configured to deliver disinfectant from the first reservoir to the at least one medical device. The liquid distribution system is configured to deliver water from the water source to the mixing chamber. The liquid distribution system includes a pump and a flow sensor. The pump is operable to deliver the disinfectant from the first reservoir to an internal channel of the at least one medical device. The flow sensor is operable to monitor the disinfectant delivered by the pump to the internal channels of the at least one medical device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus includes first and second tanks configured to store a gas fed from a gas feeder. The apparatus further includes a chamber configured to process a wafer by using the gas fed from the gas feeder, the first tank or the second tank. The apparatus further includes a controller configured to control feeding of the gas to the first tank, the second tank and the chamber.

Abstract: A system for regulating an amount of fresh lime slurry introduced to a spray dry absorber. The control system includes a controller configured to receive input from a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS), a valve in communication with the controller and a spray dry absorber suction pump, the valve adapted to regulate an amount of fresh lime slurry provided to the spray dry absorber suction pump and a valve in communication with the controller and a pre-mix tank, the valve adapted to regulate an amount of fresh lime slurry provided to the pre-mix tank.

Abstract: An article transport device includes a transport mechanism which is configured to support, from below, a container being transported and to transport the container along a transporting path, and a housing which forms an accommodating space in which at least a part of the transport mechanism is housed. The housing has one or more support plates, a plurality of brackets, and a housing panel. Each of the one or more support plates is a plate-shaped member extending along the transporting path and is configured to support the transport mechanism from below. A lower end portion of each of the plurality of brackets is attached to a corresponding one of the one or more support plates such that the plurality of the brackets are spaced apart from one another along a direction along the transporting path, outside the accommodating space along the lateral width direction.

Abstract: A non alpha controlled Tin including Tin and a trace amount of Polonium is utilized as a plating anode to selectively plate Tin upon a plating cathode. Tin may be selectively plated by pulse plating the non alpha controlled Tin with current control to suppress plating of Polonium upon the plating cathode. Tin may also be selectively plated by pulse plating the non alpha controlled Tin with potential control to suppress plating of Polonium upon the plating cathode. Tin may also be selectively plated by pulse and reverse plating to plate out Polonium upon a filtering cathode. Tin may also be selectively plated by plating out Polonium upon a filtering cathode within a concentrate. Tin may also be selectively plated by plating out purified Tin upon a filtering cathode, separating the purified Tin from the filtering cathode, and utilizing the purified Tin to plate Tin upon the plating cathode.

Abstract: There is disclosed that a MOx nanostructure manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof can not only supply a reaction gas more effectively to the surface of a molten metal with ease by injecting a carrier gas to the surface of the molten metal above a graphite crucible as well as bringing the reaction gas in the lower side of the graphite crucible, but also maximize volatilization rates through an inflow of the reaction gas from the lower portion toward the upper of the graphite crucible.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the presence of blood in an extracorporeal blood circuit are disclosed. A control unit, which is connected to a blood detector and to one or several pressure sensors, determines whether blood is present in the membrane device based on the differential pressure there over and generates a signal if the presence of blood as detected by the blood detector and the presence of blood as determined based on the differential pressure value do not coincide with each other.

Abstract: An optical detection system for detecting undesirable constituents in a fuel cell system includes a sensing material configured to change color in the presence of the undesirable constituents and at least one sensor configured to register the change in color of the sensing material. The sensor is coupled to a corresponding light source. The sensing material, the sensor and the light source are enclosed in a housing.