Abstract: A method of producing an organic peroxide includes introducing an organic solution and a peroxide solution into a mixing tank to form a mixture. The method further includes circulating the mixture over a fixed catalyst bed to form the organic peroxide and measuring a concentration of the organic peroxide in the mixture. Further, the method includes removing at least a portion of the mixture when the concentration reaches a set value.

Abstract: A process of sterilization of a packaging system, constituted by an apparatus for sterilizing containers and by a filling machine, which includes arranging a door so as to close the interface opening defined between the apparatus for sterilizing containers and the filling machine, at least two expandable gaskets, each closed onto itself, being interposed between the door and the opening and coupled to a perimetric region of a component chosen from either the door or the delimiting edge of the opening. In subjecting the apparatus to sterilization, keeping inactive, therefore with minimum space occupation and separated from the door, the gasket that lies closest to the apparatus and keeping expanded, therefore with maximum space occupation and in hermetic abutment against the door, the gasket that lies furthest from the apparatus.

Abstract: A sterilizing apparatus is disclosed. A sterilizing apparatus according to one embodiment comprises: a cover main body unit having an accommodation space formed therein so as to accommodate a device to be sterilized, wherein the accommodation space is open toward a bottom surface on which the device to be sterilized is disposed; an ultraviolet light emitting diode provided on a surface facing the bottom surface of the cover main body unit, and turned on so as to emit ultraviolet rays toward the accommodation space; a power supply unit for supplying power to the ultraviolet light emitting diode so as to turn on the ultraviolet light emitting diode; and a control unit for controlling an operation of the power supply unit.

Abstract: Technologies for sanitizing a medical instrument with ozone are described. In particular, systems, methods, and devices for sanitizing a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device are disclosed. The systems and device include an ozone compartment, an ozone operating system and one or more ozone distribution lines that distribute ozone to a continuous positive airway pressure device. The device may further include a heater adapter unit to connect heating systems in CPAP devices while distributing ozone to sanitize the CPAP device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a subsea storage unit (15; 15?; 15?) including a pressure hull (1) having a cargo hold (5) configured for storing cargo (3, 7) and a base (2; 8) configured for supporting the storage unit on a seabed (B). The pressure hull has a movable hatch (4), providing access to the cargo hold. The subsea storage unit also includes suspension means (11a,b, 35), wherein the subsea storage unit may be lifted and lowered in a body of water, and ballasting means. A seabed facility (30), configured for receiving and accommodating at least one subsea storage unit, is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a hydrogen production system for creating and extracting hydrogen gas. The hydrogen production system contains a reactor vessel into which a solution and a metallic or semi-metal material may be placed. The solution is added to the reactor vessel contains both water and a caustic. When contacting the metallic or semi-metal material within the reactor vessel a chemical reaction occurs. The chemical reaction creates hydrogen gas as well as heat and other byproducts. The hydrogen gas may then flow through a hydrogen extraction point located on the reactor vessel for collection or operational use.

Abstract: A biocidal purification reactor, including a main cylinder tube (1A;1B), at least one end cap (2A,2B,2C) closing at least one axial end opening of the main cylinder tube (1A;1B), at least two ports (3A,3B) communicating with the interior volume (4) of the main cylinder tube (1A;1B) in the vicinity of the respective axial ends of the cylinder tube (1A;1B), and at least one of said end caps (2A) or said main cylinder tube (1B) including a UV-light source (7A;7B).

Abstract: A wide bottom disinfecting device to disinfect a room comprising: a housing, where the housing includes a wide bottom to ensure that the housing remains upright during use; an actuator on a top portion of the housing; and a disinfecting liquid compressed within the housing, where the disinfecting liquid becomes an aerosolized spray once the actuator is pressed, and where the aerosolized spray is dispersed in the room. The housing may be a cylindrical canister in a wide bottom holder, or a conical canister with a wide bottom portion and a flat top portion.

Abstract: A standalone radiopharmaceutical preparation hotcell for preparing a radiopharmaceutical includes a housing and a plurality of compartments defined within the housing. The plurality of compartments including at least a pharmaceutical synthesizing and dispensing compartment and a different second compartment, the synthesizing and dispensing compartment being maintained at a first pressure and the second compartment being maintained at a different second pressure using a compartment pressurization system.

Abstract: A plant for producing hydrogen peroxide by an autoxidation process (AO-process) comprising hydrogenating an anthraquinone in a working solution, oxidizing the hydrogenated anthraquinone with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide and extracting the hydrogen peroxide from the working solution, the plant comprising at least one skid mounted module selected from the group consisting of a skid mounted module comprising at least one hydrogenator (hydrogenation reactor) to hydrogenate the anthraquinone in the working solution (hydrogenation skid 1); a skid mounted module comprising at least one oxidizer (oxidation reactor) to oxidize the hydrogenated anthraquinone with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide (oxidizer skid 2); optionally a skid mounted module comprising at least one means to compress air (process air compressor skid 3), to feed oxygen, in particular oxygen from the air, into an oxidizer of skid 2, and in case of presence of skid 3 a further skid mounted module comprising at least one means to recover the solven

Abstract: A filter system includes a housing, a filter medium disposed within the housing, an optical analyte sensor, and an optical reader. The optical analyte sensor is characterized by a first region that exhibit a first response to an analyte of interest and a second region that exhibit a second, different, response to an analyte of interest. The optical analyte sensor includes a detection medium and is disposed within the housing such that the detection medium is in fluid communication with the filter medium. The optical reader includes at least one light source and at least one detector.

Abstract: A container with automatic cartridge activator allows automatic activation of the ethylene oxide cartridges and ampoules used in the oxide sterilization peculiar to the gas diffusion system without external human control and intervention and removal of the residual ethylene oxide from the sterilized materials at the end of the sterilization process. The container ensures safe use of the ethylene oxide without posing any danger against human health. The container also eliminates the requirement for use of sterilization bags known as Liner Bag or simply bag, traditionally used in the ethylene oxide sterilization based on gas diffusion system, also allowing instant monitoring of the sterilization conditions inside the container, the sterilization cell, from outside of the system.

Abstract: Abatement systems are used to remove harmful pollutants resulting from manufacturing processes. Prior art abatement systems can dangerously back-flash due to, for example, changes in gas velocity and if the inlets become constricted due to clogs. To prevent back-flash a sprayer is introduced to an inlet of the abatement system. The sprayer sprays a volume of a cooling liquid, such as water, into the inlet. In the event of a back-flash, the liquid can extinguish the flame, preventing further damage to the abatement system. The sprayed liquid can provide further benefits, such as cooling the incoming, mitigating effects of reactions within the cooling gases,, and flushing away solid particles that would otherwise clog the inlet. These further benefits can allow the abatement system to safely handle additional gases and larger volumes of incoming gas.

Abstract: A multilayer material is described herein that includes at least one signaling layer configured to propagate at least one electromagnetic signal; and a flexible layer configured to enclose the at least one signaling layer, wherein the flexible layer is substantially impermeable to an environment and to the at least one electromagnetic signal. The multilayer material including the at least one signaling layer is configured to transmit a change in the at least one electromagnetic signal upon exposure of the signaling layer to the environment. A system, an article of clothing, or a method is described herein.

Abstract: Methods and systems for idling a hydrocracker are provided. The method can include hydrocracking a hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst and hydrogen in a reactor to produce a hydrocracked product. A kill agent can be introduced to the reactor in an amount sufficient to reduce hydrocracking by at least 10% therein. In some examples, the kill agent can include one or more nitrogen-containing compounds, such as ammonia, amines, anilines, ammonia-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or, aniline-containing compounds. In some examples, the catalyst can include one or more Group VIII metals (e.g., cobalt, nickel, palladium, iron, alloys thereof), one or more Group VIB metals (e.g., molybdenum, tungsten, alloys thereof, or oxides thereof), and a catalyst support, such as a zeolite.

Abstract: A multilayer material is described herein that includes a flexible inner layer and a flexible outer layer configured to enclose at least one signaling layer, the at least one signaling layer including at least one chemical compound. The multilayer material including the chemical compound within the at least one signaling layer is configured to release a gas-phase chemical compound to signal to a detector indicating a breach of the multilayer material. A multilayer material, a system, an article of clothing, or a method is described herein.

Abstract: A threat detection system includes a facility including at least three separate rooms located in the facility and a positive pressure zone located external to the facility. A ventilation system is coupled to the at least three separate rooms. A first room is located in the facility, wherein the first room includes a first room pressure zone that is negative with respect to the positive pressure zone external to the facility. A second room is located in the facility and connected to the first room, wherein the second room includes a second room pressure zone that is negative with respect to the first room pressure zone.

Abstract: A multilayer material is described herein that includes at least one signaling layer configured to propagate at least one electromagnetic signal; and a flexible layer configured to enclose the at least one signaling layer, wherein the flexible layer is substantially impermeable to an environment and to the at least one electromagnetic signal. The multilayer material including the at least one signaling layer is configured to transmit a change in the at least one electromagnetic signal upon exposure of the signaling layer to the environment. A system, an article of clothing, or a method is described herein.

Abstract: Fumigation systems and processes that are especially applicable for the fumigation of perishable (or otherwise sensitive to temperature) agricultural products as the temperature conditions under which the product is being treated are closely controlled to advantageously prevent the product from being exposed to temperature drops and/or spikes during the fumigation cycle. In addition, the present invention incorporates an air filtration system as a part of the fumigation system to substantially remove the toxic fumigant residuals from the air before it is exhausted into the open atmosphere, which typically occurs at the completion of a fumigation cycle. As such, the harmful effect of the fumigant on the products and the surrounding environment and work areas is greatly minimized. In summary, the systems and processes of the present invention provide the ability to conduct fumigations in a well-controlled environment.

Abstract: The invention extends the utility of apparatus used to extract medicinal cannabis compounds into an eluate by separating a portion of medicinal cannabis compounds contained within a portion of eluate at a first extraction target level providing enough clean solvent to continue extraction operations. A high efficiency concentrator such as a rotary evaporator or a wiped film evaporator processes eluate from one or more tanks or extraction vessels creating clean solvent when extraction targets are met or when clean solvent is exhausted. This manages eluate concentration levels and limits the quantity of concentrated medicinal cannabis compounds on site at any moment in time. The invention enables a business model for keeping medicinal cannabis compounds within a legal system, and reduces pollution because law enforcement would no longer have to burn large quantities of cannabis plant matter.

Abstract: A reactor system including an enclosed pressure relief system and/or a control system. The enclosed pressure relief system including a slurry separation system communicatively coupled with a pressure relief valve coupled to a loop reactor such that activation of the pressure relief valve results in discharge of a slurry from the loop reactor to the slurry separation system, wherein the slurry separation system is capable of separating solid and liquid components from gas components of the slurry and transmitting the gas components to a flare via a flare header.

Abstract: An underwater carbon dioxide storage facility including a carbon dioxide deposit stored underwater as a clathrate includes a flexible barrier disposed at least partially over the carbon dioxide deposit. The carbon dioxide deposit may be stored in or at the bottom of a body of water.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for responding to an unintended increase in pressure within a high pressure processing system. The system and method of the present disclosure provides a pressure relief system that releases pressure reliably even if the material under pressure is of mixed phase. In addition, the system and method for releasing pressure avoids the need for complex subsystems to contain and process materials that escape the system during the pressure release process.

Abstract: A biodiesel plant includes a loop-shaped reactor which circulates reactants, e.g., feed stock and a methanol catalyst mixture through mesh to mix the reactants and form crude biodiesel. The feed stock is preferably heated to about 200 to 210° F. After the reaction, methanol may be recovered. There may also be a tank for removal of glycerin from the crude biodiesel. In another embodiment, there is a method for reacting the feed stock and methanol catalyst mixture by circulating the reactants through a turbulence-creating path, such as by using mesh in the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention obtains both the feature of deodorizing by means of active species and the feature of killing floating and attached bacteria by releasing the active species to the exterior of a device. The present invention is provided with a pair of electrodes (21, 22), electrode (21) being arranged with the dielectric film (21a) on the surface facing electrode (22) and electrode (22) being arranged with dielectric film (22a) on the surface facing electrode (21), wherein plasma is discharged when a predetermined voltage is applied between the electrodes (21, 22). The present invention is configured in a manner such that a fluid through-hole (21b, 22b) is disposed on and through each electrode (21, 22) on a corresponding location, and is characterized in that at least a portion of the outline of the corresponding fluid through-holes (21b, 22b) are positioned at a different position from one another when viewing from face plate direction of the electrodes.

Abstract: A container with automatic cartridge activator allows automatic activation of the ethylene oxide cartridges and ampoules used in the oxide sterilization peculiar to the gas diffusion system without external human control and intervention and removal of the residual ethylene oxide from the sterilized materials at the end of the sterilization process. The container ensures safe use of the ethylene oxide without posing any danger against human health. The container also eliminates the requirement for use of sterilization bags known as Liner Bag or simply bag, traditionally used in the ethylene oxide sterilization based on gas diffusion system, also allowing instant monitoring of the sterilization conditions inside the container, the sterilization cell, from outside of the system.

Abstract: A multilayer material is described herein that includes a flexible inner layer and a flexible outer layer configured to enclose at least one signaling layer, the at least one signaling layer including at least one chemical compound. The multilayer material including the chemical compound within the at least one signaling layer is configured to release a gas-phase chemical compound to signal to a detector indicating a breach of the multilayer material. A multilayer material, a system, an article of clothing, or a method is described herein.

Abstract: Various medical systems and methods are described, including a medical monitoring system. The medical monitoring system can have a fluid system configured to receive bodily fluid and optically analyze said fluid to determine analyte concentration. The fluid system can have a removable portion. The removable portion can have an opening with a port. The system can also have a container configured to contain anticoagulant. The container can have a portion configured to mate with the port of the removable portion. The container can be further configured to not fit into a conventional luer fitting. An anti-coagulant insertion apparatus is also described. The apparatus can have a syringe, a dock with a port, and an adapter configured to connect the syringe to the port. The dock can also have a tab configured to move with the port.

Abstract: The application provides an assembly comprising a housing (20) having an electrical housing connector (50) and a strip port (40) for a BGM sensor arranged in the vicinity of the electrical connector. The assembly further comprises an external electrical connector (60) adapted for releasable connection to the housing connector, wherein the external electrical connector comprises a portion (62) adapted to block the port opening when the external electrical connector is connected to the housing connector, thereby preventing insertion of a strip in the port when the two connectors are connected to each other. In this way it is prevented in a simple and cost-effective manner that a patient via an inserted strip is subjected to a too high voltage or current supplied to the circuitry of the electronic device.

Abstract: A layered adaptive membrane structure that has movable membranes is provided. The structure can change its gas, liquid and/or particulate permeability in response to surrounding environmental conditions. Applications include protective apparel that is comfortable to wear wherein the level of protection provided is based on conditions in the environment. Hence, the protective apparel is highly breathable and comfortable in a non-hazardous environment but impermeable or only semipermeable in a hazardous environment.

Abstract: Disclosed are a germicidal system and method for deactivating pathogens on the surface of a bodily extremity protected by a prophylactic covering substantially opaque to UV-C radiation. The device includes an enclosure having one or more openings through which the extremity can be inserted. The enclosure contains a radiation source configured to produce germicidal radiation having a wavelength of about 253.7 nm. The openings are configured relative to the radiation source such that the inserted extremity is in close proximity to the radiation source. The prophylactic covered extremity is preferably a gloved hand thereby sanitizing the surface of the glove. The extremity inserted is preferably exposed for a predetermined period of time to ensure a desired level of sanitization. Optionally, the device can include detectors to determine the position of the hand, the spread of the fingers, and whether the hand is covered by a glove.

Abstract: A process and/or apparatus for removing one or more volatile organic compounds from a gas stream. The apparatus including: a first conduit containing thermal media forming a pre heating zone, wherein the pre heating zone increases the temperature of the gas stream via heat transfer; and, a combustion chamber forming a combustion zone wherein the combustion chamber is in fluid connection with the first conduit. The combustion zone is at a temperature sufficient whereby at least one of the volatile organic compounds in the gas stream combusts. The process including the steps of passing a gas stream through a pre heating zone wherein the pre heating zone is composed of thermal media contained within a first conduit; and, introducing the gas stream exiting the pre heating zone into a combustion zone wherein at least one of the volatile organic compounds included in the gas stream is combusted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for indoor air purification and sterilization which excites indoor air by arc discharge to decompose bad odor and sterilize air, wherein an excited state is maintained by applying a magnetic field and the contact time between molecules activated by arc and pollutants is extended, thereby improving air purification and sterilization effects, and the noise generated by arc discharge is reduced by a silencer and ozone and static electricity are removed by a filter which removes ozone and a metal filter for removing static electricity, respectively, thereby enabling very suitable configuration for indoor air purification and sterilization.

Abstract: Acoustic resonators and systems for controlling the same to cause desired reactions and physical effects therein are described. Some aspects are directed to an acoustic cavitation resonator that can be placed under high static pressure and to which a set of ultrasonic drivers are coupled so as to cause cavitation in the resonator during operation. Inlet and outlet ports allow introduction of one or more fluid species into the resonator so that the desired processing of the fluids can be accomplished under pressure and in the presence of cavitation.

Abstract: A germicidal system and method for deactivating pathogens on the surface of a bodily extremity protected by a prophylactic covering substantially opaque to UV-C radiation. The device includes an enclosure having one or more openings through which the extremity can be inserted. The enclosure contains a radiation source configured to produce germicidal radiation having a wavelength of about 253.7 nm. The openings are configured relative to the radiation source such that the inserted extremity is in close proximity to the radiation source. The prophylactic covered extremity is preferably a gloved hand thereby sanitizing the surface of the glove. The extremity inserted is preferably exposed for a predetermined period of time to ensure a desired level of sanitization. Optionally, the device can include an orientation detector to determine the position of the user's hand and the spread of the user's fingers, and a surface detector to determine whether the user's hand is covered by a glove.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for point of use location treatment of potable water supplies on demand on board passenger vehicles, such as aircraft. The systems described generally provide increased safety features, alternate ultraviolet light sources, and reduced power consumption.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided to prevent emissions of hydrogen peroxide from a packaging machine forming sealed packaging containers from a packaging material web. The packaging machine has a sterilization portion comprising an inlet chamber, a peroxide bath and an aseptic chamber. The aseptic chamber is held at an overpressure while the inlet chamber is held at an underpressure during normal operation of the packaging machine. The peroxide bath functions as a seal between the inlet chamber and the aseptic chamber. A safety chamber placed in front of the inlet chamber is held at an underpressure to avoid peroxide emissions to the environment. The packaging material web will pass the safety chamber before going into the inlet chamber.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring sterilization status are provided.

Abstract: A catalytic purification device including a substrate permeable to exhaust gases, is optionally impregnated with catalytic materials, and is provided with an upstream face and an opposing downstream face; and an envelope containing the permeable substrate and defining an enclosure provided with an inlet line and an outlet line, between which the permeable substrate is arranged, the upstream face of the permeable substrate projecting along the extension of the inlet line, and the axis of the inlet line defining, with the upstream face (14A), an angle smaller than 20°. The envelope includes a deflector arranged at the outlet of the inlet line, the deflector being inclined towards the upstream face and used to orient the exhaust gases escaping from the inlet line towards the permeable substrate. The envelope also includes elements for creating turbulence in the flow along the upstream face.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: An integrating system of a pressurized fluid generator and vortex separator comprises a pressurized fluid generator and a vortex separator. The pressurized fluid generator includes a high pressure tank which connects to a fluid storage tank and a pressure indicator through a pressure booster pump. A heating element and a temperature indicating controller are installed in the high pressure tank. The vortex separator is connected to the pressurized fluid generator through transfer pipes. The vortex separator includes a vortex separating tank. The vortex separating tank has an outlet at a bottom side thereof; the outlet is connected to a plurality of collection bottles. A spindle is located in the vortex separating tank and is driven by a driving device. The spindle is installed with a penetrating fluid channel which is connected to a plurality of transfer pipes; each of the transfer pipes is installed with a plurality of electric controlled switches.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A vehicle efficacious constituents supply apparatus 10 includes a main unit 13 including an air gun and a subunit 15 including an air gun. A curling ring V1 of air containing aromatic constituents is projected from the main unit 13 towards an efficacious area A, while a curling ring V2 of air is projected from the subunit 15 towards the efficacious area A. A control unit for controlling projection timings of curling rings V1, V2 includes an alarming mode in which a projection interval at which curling rings v1 are projected is set shorter than a projection interval at which curling rings V2 are projected, and by executing this alarming mode, curling rings V2 can be applied to an occupant without causing the curling rings V2 so projected to disappear in the efficacious area A.

Abstract: A threat detection system includes a facility including at least three separate rooms located in the facility and a positive pressure zone located external to the facility. A ventilation system is coupled to the at least three separate rooms. A first room is located in the facility, wherein the first room includes a first room pressure zone that is negative with respect to the positive pressure zone external to the facility. A second room is located in the facility and connected to the first room, wherein the second room includes a second room pressure zone that is negative with respect to the first room pressure zone.

Abstract: What is disclosed are methods and apparatus for loading or removing samples for testing. The apparatus comprises a sample disk body for holding a sample for testing, a sample disk lid configured to cover at least a part of the sample disk body and comprising a fixed lid which is fixedly attached to the sample disk body and a movable gate which is movable relatively to the fixed lid, and a locking mechanism to lock the movable gate into a closed position. The opening and closing of the movable gate is controlled by the locking mechanism to prevent inadvertent opening of the sample lid while the sample disk is operating.

Abstract: A vessel assembly is disclosed for high pressure high temperature chemistry. The vessel assembly includes a cylindrical vessel and a cylindrical vessel seal cover. The vessel and the seal cover have respective surfaces that, when engaged, define a circumferential interior passage between the vessel and the seal cover. A pressure release opening in the seal cover is in fluid communication with the circumferential passage. A retaining ring surrounds the vessel and the seal cover at the position where the vessel and the seal cover meet to maintain an outer circumferential engagement between the seal cover and the vessel when pressure forces gases in the vessel to flow into the circumferential passage and then outwardly from the pressure release opening.

Abstract: A dehydrogenation fuel theft prevention system for preventing the theft of dehydrogenation organic fuel containing hydrogen is provided. The dehydrogenation fuel theft prevention system is for systems including a reformer for dehydrogenating organic fuel containing at least hydrogen and a dehydrogenation fuel recovery tank for storing dehydrogenation fuel produced when organic fuel is dehydrogenated in the reformer. The theft prevention system is provided with a means for mixing an odorant as a component with a pungent odor other than the fuel components or a agent for coagulating the fuel components. The odorant or the coagulating agent is mixed when fuel is manufactured, distributed, utilized, recovered, or stored or fuel is about to be stolen.

Abstract: A hand sanitizer having first and second compartments in which the first compartment includes an access permitting user's hands and forearms to be inserted and an ozone generator for sanitizing the hands. The second compartment houses an ultraviolet source for converting ozone present in said second compartment into molecular oxygen and includes also an access permitting user's hands and forearms to be inserted. The ozone concentration in the first compartment is maintained at a predetermined level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drainage assembly of the type having an upward opening for the draining opening of a new or existing chemical reactor, particularly of the enameled type, characterized in that the outer outlet opening (6) for the drainage is provided in the lower portion thereof with a removable seat part in the form of a planar annual seal (11) having an upper portion with at least one recess (21) used as a seat for the under-face of the head (10) of the valve and as a full flow ramp. The invention is particularly intended for the manufacturers and users of chemical reactors, in particular of the enameled type.