Abstract: An evaporator includes a tank covered by a lightweight lid which is easily lifted to avoid high pressure in the event of an explosion. The bottom of the tank includes a flat portion which slopes downwardly toward an outlet in the sidewall of the tank. The flat section is substantially wider than the outlet to accommodate use of a square-nosed shovel to clean the tank. A fire tube in the bottom of the tank receives hot gases from a burner. A thermometer senses the temperature of the wall of the fire tube to respond to low liquid level in the tank, scale on the fire tube wall, and buildup of solids in the mixture. The open lower end of an upwardly extending standpipe is in liquid in the tank. The upper end of the standpipe is closed by a ball valve and extends above the mixture in the tank. Devices are provided for making the pressure in the standpipe different from atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Process for carrying out gas/liquid reactions at from (-50.degree.) to 300.degree. C. and from 0.1 to 100 bar by carrying out the reaction in the absence of a continuous gas phase, and, as a special case, a process for the batchwise reaction of acetylene in the liquid phase at from 0.degree. to 300.degree. C. and from 2 to 30 bar, in which acetylene is introduced a) in the absence of a continuous gas phase and b) under isobaric conditions to a degree of saturation of from 5 to 100%.

Abstract: A modified blood glucose test strip reduces the risk of contamination when it is used with a blood glucose meter. The modified strip has adhered to its top surface a protective shield that is preferably cut from a sheet of transparent plastic. The shield permits access to the sample-receiving surface of the strip, but prevents contamination of the meter by the user, because it covers a part of the meter that adjoins the strip when the strip is installed in the meter. Similarly, the shield protects a user from contacting a potentially contaminated area of the meter. The modified strip finds particular advantage in a hospital or other setting where several persons may use the same meter.

Abstract: The sterility of a drape for use on surgical equipment is ensured by the use of bar codes and a microprocessor. When a drape containing a bar code is placed on the corresponding surgical equipment, a bar code reader ascertains the bar code on the drape. A microprocessor receives the bar code and determines whether the bar code has been previously written to memory indicating the drapes prior use. If the bar code is not present, the current bar code of the drape is written into memory, and subsequent operation of the surgical equipment commences. If the bar code is present, the microprocessor prevents the surgical equipment from operating. The microprocessor conserves memory by deleting bar code numbers of drapes that surpass a user determined time period.

Abstract: In a sheet wherein a fabric sheet (A) is impregnated with a resin composition (B) containing poly-p-phenylene sulfide as a major component, by controlling the orientation degree of the resin composition (B) within the range between 0.3 and 0.9, heat resistance, thermal dimensional stability, dielectric characteristics and mechanical properties when bent are largely improved, so that the resin-impregnated fabric sheet may suitably be used as an insulation substrate for circuit boards and for multilayer wiring boards to which high densification of the circuits and decrease in the thickness are demanded.

Abstract: A process for extracting extractable material from a base material in which it is present, while protecting against explosion of any solvent vapor in air includes heating by microwave radiation in a closed pressure-resistant and heat-resistant container, such base material, extractable material and organic extraction solvent, passing air near or into contact with the extraction container so that it will carry away from the container any escaping solvent vapor, and passing said air with the solvent vapor, if present, into contact with solvent detector which turns off a source of microwave radiation when the solvent vapor is present. Preferably the invented process will include passing the air, with any solvent vapor which may be present in it, to a flow detector, which will turn off the source of microwave radiation if flow ceases.

Abstract: In chemical production processes having flammable substances in a reactor (1), the reactor is rendered inert by feeding an inert gas, while headspace gas is removed from the headspace of the reactor. This inert-rendering must also be maintained if the reactor must be opened during the production process. Even when inert gas locks (3) are used, the inert-rendering can only be reliably maintained in this case with a complex instrumental determination of the oxygen content in the reactor. This expense can be avoided by establishing and maintaining a certain difference between inert gas flowrate and head-space gas flowrate removed in a defined manner, which difference is specific to the particular production factors and is determined in advance.

Abstract: Medical instruments, including stainless steel, plastic tubing, and the like, are sterilized in a portable apparatus that provides a low volume, high pressure flow of continuously circulating water containing about 2 to 6 ppm of ozone. The portable apparatus includes a housing having an open chamber for containing medical instruments. Within the housing are a high voltage transformer, an ozone generator, and a high pressure, low volume pump for circulating ozonated water. A lid for the chamber is provided with carbon substantially to preclude ozone from escaping from the chamber into the atmosphere outside the housing. The lid includes a safety switch so that the apparatus will not operate unless the lid is in place.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for controlling a system used to pasteurize food products such as milk, orange juice and raw eggs. Such system has components including at least one product tank, a pump for flowing a product through the system, a flow diversion device and a heat exchanger. The apparatus has a programmable logic controller linked to at least one component and also includes a display panel having (a) a depiction relating to one of the components, and (b) an input device such as a touch-pad type pushbutton connected to the controller for controlling a component. There are several depictions displayed in sequence and when a depiction is displayed, the input device associated therewith is also displayed and may then be actuated. After pasteurization, a batch report is printed. Vitamin injection is optionally available.

Abstract: A small, inexpensive, and easy-to-use automated immunochemical anlayzer is provided. The automated immunochemical analyzer comprises at least one reaction plate of disposable type forming a plurality of containers in one body, a table that can be drawn out for mounting the reaction plates, a table can be drawn out for mounting specimen racks, a reagent thermostatic unit, a reaction thermostatic unit, a reaction plate holding part, an apparatus for aspirating and discharging sample liquid, and an XY moving part mounting the reaction plate holding part and the apparatus for aspirating and discharging sample liquid. First, by the XY moving part, the holding part holds the reaction plate before use from the table for mounting the reaction plates and moves up to the reaction thermostats unit.

Abstract: A distilling apparatus for distillation of water, including a condensing chamber divided into an upper holding space for receiving water from a water source and a lower holding chamber for condensing steam into water, a heating chamber controlled to heat water from the upper holding space into steam and having a steam outlet connected to the lower holding space for guiding steam into the lower holding space for condensing, a hot water chamber, which receives condensed water from the lower holding space of the condensing chamber, and a cold water chamber, which receives distilled water from the hot water chamber and cools it down by an electronic cooler.

Abstract: An aftermarket catalytic converter for motor vehicle exhaust gas systems has a clamshell housing with an upper heat shield and stainless steel inlet and outlet bushings and contains a catalyst coated substrate cushioned and supported inside of it by a heat expandable mat, the features and parts of the converter being constructed and arranged to enable one converter construction to be used as a replacement converter in a substantial number of different applications for the original equipment converters.

Abstract: An explosion proof microwave heated solvent extraction apparatus or system for extracting organic materials includes a pressure resistant microwave transmissive extraction container, which is preferably of reinforced polyetherimide lined with fluoropolymer, in a microwave radiation heated chamber, with a device for controlling a microwave radiation generator, such as a magnetron, in response to the presence of any solvent vapor in a collection container for rupture diaphragm discharged material from an extraction container or in exhaust gas from the chamber. The presence of the solvent in the collection container or exhaust gas is preferably detected by a semiconductor gas sensor which decreases its electrical resistance in the presence of solvent vapors, thereby increasing its voltage and thus controlling operation of the magnetron, turning it off when solvent vapor (and a potentially explosive gas mixture) is present.

Abstract: A method of terminating, under emergency conditions, an olefin polymerization reaction conducted in the presence of a transitioned metal based catalyst in a gas phase reactor by using a recycle gas from the reactor or a feed stream to the reactor to operate an expander associated with a circulator which maintains fluidized conditions in the reactor while introducing a kill gas into the reactor to terminate the reaction.

Abstract: A reactor provided with a gas-safety device/module therefor comprises (i) a reaction vessel having an open upper end, (ii) demisting means engaging and at least partially closing off the open upper end of such reaction vessel, and situated to traverse the path of direction of a gas stream, e.g., hydrogen, evolving from a reaction conducted within such reaction vessel, and (iii) inlet means intermediate such open upper end of the reaction vessel and the demisting means (ii) for charging a stream of air into the reaction vessel, such inlet means (iii) being adopted to charge an amount of air into the reaction vessel such as to maintain the composition of any air/evolved gas mixture below the ignition/explosive limits thereof.

Abstract: A method of increasing rainout from a liquid jet of an aerosolable corrosive and toxic substance, e.g. hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, ammonia or chlorine, exiting from a pressurized source, such as a vessel, conduit, pump. The method includes spacing an impact plate from the pressurized source for deflecting the liquid jet to dissipate forward velocity and energy of the liquid jet. The impact plate is positioned a distance from the pressurized source to impact the liquid jet before the liquid is capable of expanding to form a substantial aerosol of vaporized substance. A mesh pad abuts the impact plate and faces the pressurized source for initially reducing the velocity and energy of the liquid jet, and for preventing back and radial splash of the liquid jet deflecting off the impact plate to coalesce droplets of the substance and thereby produce a collectable run-off.

Abstract: System for increasing rainout from a liquid jet of an aerosolable corrosive and toxic substance, e.g. hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, ammonia or chlorine, exiting from a pressurized source such as a vessel, conduit, pump. The system includes an impact plate spaced from the pressurized source for deflecting the liquid jet to dissipate forward velocity and energy of the liquid jet. The impact plate is positioned a distance from the pressurized source to impact the liquid jet before the liquid is capable of expanding to form a substantial aerosol of vaporized substance. A mesh pad abuts the impact plate and faces the pressurized source for initially reducing the velocity and energy of the liquid jet, and for preventing back and radial splash of the liquid jet deflecting off the impact plate to coalesce droplets of the substance and thereby produce a collectable run-off.

Abstract: Not only the dialysis machine, but also its outer supply conduits and connection tubes together with the associated water distribution system can be flushed and disinfected in the present disinfection method by including these members in the cleaning circuit. Energy is saved and the amount of disinfectants is reduced during hot cleaning and chemical disinfection in a recirculatory process, and the duration of the disinfecting operations can moreover be decreased. Furthermore, a five-valve assembly is provided in or on the dialysis apparatus, in an additional apparatus with respect to the dialysis apparatus or in a water supply system integrated into the wall of a dialysis station for the dialysis apparatus so as to carry out the disinfection method, and a supply means is provided for introducing the disinfectant into the recirculatory circuit.

Abstract: An appliance for disinfecting contact lenses or the like wherein the lenses are disposed within a disinfecting solution which liberates the gas during the disinfecting action, includes a container body for immersion of the lenses within the disinfecting solution and a removable cap closing the container body. The appliance further includes a normally closed vent conduit for passage of the pressurized affluent gas from the container body through the cap, and within the vent conduit is a check valve including a disc member having a slit therethrough which opens for vent discharge of the gas with sufficient pressure on the disc exerted by the gas during passage through the vent conduit, after which the slit recloses to vent any subsequent leakage of the solution therethrough.

Abstract: A liquid-liquid contacting apparatus is provided having the capacity to control and contain a fire occurring within a separator vessel. Mixing of two liquid phases such as an organic and an aqueous solution may be advantageously conducted when the two phases are supplied at steady flow rates. Variations in the rates of supply of the phases are compensated for by pumping each liquid at a constant flow rate higher than the maximum flow rate provided by the supply, and permitting recirculation of a disengaged phase in the amount necessary to meet the demand of the system. The organic solution having a lower density than the aqueous solution rises within a separator vessel and may be ignited upon its upper surface. By flooding the vessel with a third nonflammable liquid such as water, the liquid level within the vessel is raised until the organic solution is removed by flowing over a channel weir within the vessel and is drained away through a fluid trap.

Abstract: A spray combining apparatus for use at the outlet of a fluid collection system (10) includes an outlet pipe (11) containing a diffuser and atomizer (15) adjacent an outlet opening (18). A conical rain cap (19) is mounted vertically above the outlet opening. A downwardly-facing nipple and spray nozzle (22) is positioned above the rain cap. The nozzle is supplied with a pressurized second fluid from a source (26). If first fluid is detected in the outlet, the second fluid is discharged through the spray nozzle in a selected enveloping pattern toward the outlet. As the atomized first fluid is emitted from the outlet opening, it is combined with the enveloping spray of the second fluid. The resulting neutralized or "washed" product is either suspended in the air, or is contained in the vicinity of the outlet.

Abstract: An HF alkylation unit incorporates a source of a proton acceptor additive which may be added to the HF alkylation acid in the event of a release of acid from the unit. The addition of the proton acceptor to the acid alters the character of HF droplets in an HF cloud to make them more easily treated by a simple water drench. The proton acceptor is maintained in a pressurized container in the unit and is connected to the reaction section of the unit by way of additive release valves under the control of an emergency controller which opens the valves and permits the additive to enter the reaction section of the unit and mix with the acid to modify its characteristics. The container may be connected to the major acid-containing process vessels in the unit, specifically the acid settler and the acid cooler (in a gravity flow unit) or the acid settler and the reactor (in a pump-around unit).

Abstract: A device is disclosed for heating of articles and organisms, and in particular for destroying or rendering harmless organisms containing nucleic acids and/or proteins by action of microwave radiation generated by a microwave emission device. The microwave emission device illustratively comprises a plurality of magnetrons emitting microwave radiation into a sterilization chamber and configured such that cold spots are avoided. The invention further relates to a microwave radiation level monitoring device positioned in the vicinity of areas of likely microwave leakage such as a door to the sterilization chamber.

Abstract: An acoustical wave trap is combined with the rupture disc or relief valve used in vessels for storing potentially explosive materials. The acoustical wave trap operates to substantially reduce the magnitude of the rarefaction wave produced within the vessel when the rupture disc or relief valve opens, and thereby simplifies the pressure relief requirements.

Abstract: The improved milk pasteurizing control apparatus is of the type having a flow diversion valve controller in an enclosure with a door, panel or the like required to be sealed on the outside of the enclosure by a regulatory official. Such seal is applied only after the official is satisfied that the controller and its control routine is operating properly. The improvement includes a controller with a computer chip for executing a control routine programmed in the chip. A barrier, overlay or other obstructing technique within the enclosure "blocks" access to the chip program and prevents alteration of the routine. If the exterior seal is broken (to perform certain types of maintenance, for example), the door may be re-sealed by the official without again testing the entire control routine.

Abstract: A water treatment dispensing apparatus for an engine cooling system, such as in a diesel locomotive, includes one or more probes for measuring the conductivity of the fluid circulating in the system. From the conductivity of the fluid, a determination of the level of concentration of treatment chemicals in the fluid can be ascertained. A comparator is utilized for determining whether, based on the conductivity readings of the fluid, the level of concentration of treatment chemicals in the fluid is at or above a desired level. When it is determined that the level of concentration has fallen below the desired level, a valve is actuated so as to divert a portion of fluid from the system to a chemical treatment dispensing apparatus. Simultaneously, an outlet valve is actuated to allow mixed fluid and chemical treatment to be routed back into the circulating system. The dispensing apparatus includes a housing adapted to receive a container for containing a quantity of chemical treatment therein.

Abstract: The disclosed pressurized vessel has a door seal which is pressurized by a steam supply. A diaphragm actuated solenoid valve is connected between the steam supply and the door seal. The diaphragm solenoid valve precludes the door seal from depressurizing unless the pressure within the vessel is within a preselected pressure tolerance. Also, a check valve is provided to preclude the door seal from completely depressurizing if the pressure at the steam supply is interrupted.

Abstract: In a separation system (1 to 11) for tube reactors or autoclaves, which are used for the polymerization of ethylene or copolymerization of ethylene with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers in the presence of an initiator under from 500 to 4,000 bar and at from 150.degree. to 350.degree. C., for reducing the emission of solids during pressure relief processes of the reaction mixture present in the reactor or autoclave, the reaction mixture let down is fed via two or more separating containers (1, 1a) installed in series before it reaches the atmosphere.

Abstract: An appliance for containing and venting fluid, typically for disinfecting contact lenses, includes a container body which has an access opening and a removable closure for the opening. A gasket is seated to form a normally liquid-tight seal between the container body and the closure, and the gasket means has a composition which is sufficiently resilient to at least partially deflect and unseat from the container body upon exertion against the gasket of elevated gas pressure developed within the container, for example, during a disinfection process. The pressurized gas can then be vented past the unseated gasket which forms a vent passageway between the closure and the container body, after which venting the gasket redeflects to reseat and seal against the container body to prevent any subsequent leakage of fluid from the container body.

Abstract: A flame arresting method, conduit section and apparatus for the safe disposal of combustible waste gases from a source such as a reactor. The invention involves providing a waste gas conduit section with a flame-detecting chamber and one or more upstream snuffing chambers divided by flame arresting grid members, and automatically introducing snuffing gases to the snuffing chamber(s) whenever a flame is detected in the flame-detecting chamber. The outlet from the waste gas conduit section opens to a combustion chamber, for incineration purposes, or to a scrubber.

Abstract: A shield is provided for isolating excess liquid on the surface of a diagnostic cartridge from a monitor with which the cartridge is used. In a preferred embodiment the shield is a strip of flexible, resilient material which can lie flat while the cartridge is in its packaged condition but which automatically springs up to serve as a shielding surface when the cartridge is unpackaged and inserted into the monitor.

Abstract: An impact extruded perforated aluminum housing contains a two-stage gas generator having a perforated bulkhead positioned between the stages. Each stage includes a combustion chamber having an igniter and pyrotechnic charge therein with cooling and filter screens surrounding the combustion chamber. The igniter of the first stage is fired by a squib responsively to an external electrical signal. A rupturable barrier and a ball valve associated with the bulkhead control the flow of gas through the bulkhead and provide mechanical timing for ignition delay in the firing of the second stage after the first stage has been fired, and also provide pressure control after ignition of both stages to prevent repressurizing the first stage. A rupturable foil barrier surrounding the combustion chamber in the first stage promotes a rapid rise in pressure therein and thus breakout sooner therefrom of gas to an airbag to be inflated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sterilizing materials and/or equipment by exposure to a biocidal gas. The apparatus is designed to be used with an exhaust vent system. A sensor is provided in the exhaust vent system for determining flow of gas therethrough. The sensor provides a signal to the control unit of the sterilizer so as to control the operational status of the sterilizing apparatus when a flow of gas in the exhaust vent system is stopped.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the production of gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid fuel in a fluidized bed, the solid particles contained in the product gas are separated off in a cyclone separator and recycled to the fluidized bed by way of a recycling conduit. The recycling conduit is provided with injection nozzles for introducing gas flows into the recycling conduit in a pulse-like manner in order to loosen up the particles therein. The gas flows may be introduced into the recycling conduit in displaced relationship in respect of time in such a way that, of two adjacent injection locations, gas is injected through the injection location which is arranged at a greater spacing from the reactor at a later time than at the injector location which is closer to the reactor.

Abstract: A calorimeter for measuring the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions, microbial fermentations, and other processes of industrial importance is described. The present invention also relates to a method of operation of this apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided an improvement in a method for terminating a gas phase olefin polymerization reaction with a kill gas such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The improvement involves the use of a carrier gas to increase the rate of penetration of kill gas into the reaction medium. The improved method is particularly adaptable to a fluid bed reactor system.

Abstract: A reverse flow post-mixer attachment for direct-fixed asphaltic concrete mixers includes a modified discharge box for the downstream end of the drum and an enclosure for the downstream portion of the drum forming a passage along the exterior of the drum. If the smoke point of the liquid asphalt to be added to the material in the drum meets an established standard it is injected into the material upstream of the downstream end of the drum and discharged from the latter end in the normal manner. If the smoke point of the asphalt does not meet the standard, the material exiting the drum is diverted into the passage along the exterior of the drum and the asphalt added there out of the burner stream in the drum. The material and asphalt are then mixed and moved through the passage and finally discharged.

Abstract: A sheltered-type protection means for process instrumentation/automation, particularly quality measuring equipment for industrial processes with a hazardous environment and materials is described, which has a self-supporting housing with an extractable support member, on which is arranged at least one analyzer, a sample preparation means, an auxiliary material system and a unidirectional or bidirectional communications means for electrical signals. This arrangement permits a very compact construction and ensures that after extracting the support member unimpeded access to the individual components is possible. The invention also has the advantage that as a result of the small dimensions of the housing, it can be constructed in an extremely tight manner, so that the interior thereof is scavenged e.g. with an inert gas and can be kept under overpressure without leakage losses occurring.

Abstract: A test tube for combustible gases is intended to be provided with protective devices, so that, in proving the presence of combustible gases, it cannot become an ignition source. To that end, a flame arrester is arranged in front of and/or behind the test material.

Abstract: A chemical reactor vessel is provided with a plurality of tubes filled with a heat exchange fluid. The tubes are disposed in a heat exchange relationship with the reactor contents and are coupled via pressure sensitive rupture discs and a header to a reservoir. Upon overheating of the reactor contents, excess heat is absorbed by the heat exchange fluid which boils off at a predetermined vaporization temperature and vapor pressure to rupture the discs and thereby establish fluid communication between the tubes and a heat exchange fluid contained in the reservoir, and thereby maintaining the reactor contents at a preselected safe temperature.

Abstract: The danger of explosion due to decomposition of high-pressure industrial process gases, such as ethylene, is reduced by beginning to cool the decomposition gases with a delay of no more than 25 milliseconds from the onset of flow of the gases out of a high-pressure vessel. The process may be implemented by using apparatus comprising: (1) means containing an inert gas at a pressure P between about 5 and 50 bars and an inert liquid of high heat of vaporization; and (2) a valve located upstream of an inert-liquid dispersing means, of which the opening is operated by a means detecting the opening of a safety means of the high-pressure vessel and operating the working of the dispersing means.

Abstract: Micro-scale chemical process simulation apparatus is disclosed which is useful for design of full-scale processes and associated equipment as well as emergency relief systems. A thin-walled vessel for receiving a quantity of the material to be evaluated is supportd within and thermally insulated from the walls of a surrounding containment unit. A guard heater is provided around the vessel and temperature thermocouples and pressure transducers are strategically located to monitor the temperature conditions existing in the material in the vessel as well as the pressure within the vessel and the containment unit respectively. Fluid may be selectively introduced into or exhausted from the containment unit to maintain a required pressure balance between the interior of the vessel and that of the containment unit.

Abstract: There is disclosed a modular contact lens disinfecting system comprising a combination carrying case-and-heater module including a pair of receptacles for receiving a pair of contact lenses therein, a heating arrangement responsive to a predetermined electrical current for producing heat and positioned and configured for radiating heat to the receptacle, and electrical connectors coupled with the heating arrangement for receiving electrical current; and an energizing-and-timer module including a housing, an AC plug coupled with the housing for coupling an AC receptacle to receive electrical current, mating electrical connectors coupled to the housing for complementary mating with the electrical connectors of the case-and-heater module, and a timer coupled in electrical circuit intermediate the plug and the mating electrical connectors for controlling the time duration during which electrical current is applied to the mating electrical connectors.

Abstract: In a method for safely operating a coal gasifier which is indirectly cooled by passing a heat-carrying oil through a cooling jacket of the gasifier, the pressure of the heat-carrying oil is continually measured after having passed through the cooling jacket. If the measured pressure falls below a predetermined pressure, the supply of coal and gasifying agents to the gasifier is interrupted, the passage of heat-carrying oil is interrupted and water or steam is passed through the cooling jacket until the gasifier is safely shutdown.

Abstract: An apparatus for evacuating the gases resulting from the decomposition of industrial process gases, such as ethylene, contained in a vessel under high pressure is adjacent to the vessel. The apparatus comprises:(1) at least one safety means separating the apparatus from the vessel;(2) a reservoir with a volume which is 2 to 100 times that of the vessel;(3) at least one connecting pipe between the vessel and the reservoir; and(4) at least one chimney between the reservoir and the atmosphere.The apparatus is useful for the recovery of decomposition gases for the purpose of preventing atmospheric pollution. The risk of explosion is reduced by evacuating decomposition gases through the apparatus.

Abstract: The danger of explosion due to decomposition of high-pressure industrial process gases, such as ethylene, is reduced by beginning to cool the decomposition gases with a delay of no more than 25 milliseconds from the onset of flow of the gases out of a high-pressure vessel.The process may be implemented by using apparatus comprising:(1) means containing an inert gas at a pressure P between about 5 and 50 bars and an inert liquid of high heat of vaporization; and(2) a valve located upstream of an inert-liquid dispersing-means, of which the opening is operated by a means detecting the opening of a safety means of the high-pressure vessel and operating the working of the dispersing means.The apparatus is useful for the recovery of decomposition gases in order to avoid atmospheric pollution, as well as for reducing the risk of explosion.

Abstract: Method and apparatus system for quickly determining on site if chemicals which are to be mixed can be done so safely without having a run-away exothermal reaction take place and without exposing personnel to the chemicals. The invention is particularly useful in dumping quantities of waste chemicals into a waste chemical reservoir containing a very complex mixture of many other waste chemicals.

Abstract: In order to prevent burn-off of a radial feedstock nozzle in a carbon black reactor, resulting when the feedstock stopped flowing through the nozzle, a preselected minimum temperature of the feedstock tube actuates a mechanism to withdraw the feedstock from the hot zone of the reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating an anaerobic or microaerophilic atmosphere. A package consisting of a foil envelope has internal compartments for a hydrogen generating material, for a catalyst and for receiving water. The catalyst compartment is provided with a flash arrestor. Water, on being added to the envelope, reacts with the hydrogen generating material. The liberated hydrogen then reacts catalytically with oxygen in the atmosphere external to the package.

Abstract: An apparatus for evacuating the gases resulting from the decomposition of industrial process gases, such as ethylene, contained in a vessel under high pressure is adjacent to the vessel. The apparatus comprises:(1) at least one safety means separating the apparatus from the vessel;(2) a reservoir with a volume which is 2 to 100 times that of the vessel;(3) at least one connecting pipe between the vessel and the reservoir; and(4) at least one chimney between the reservoir and the atmosphere.The apparatus is useful for the recovery of decomposition gases for the purpose of preventing atmospheric pollution. The risk of explosion is reduced by evacuating decomposition gases through the apparatus.