Abstract: A method for purifying polluted air having particle phase pollutants and gaseous phase pollutants is provided. The method comprising: separately purifying and treating particle phase and gaseous phase pollutants present in the air; providing a dust cleaning apparatus, a catalytic filter core and a valve for controlling an airflow path within an air purification apparatus; controlling the airflow path for the air to bypass the catalytic filter core in a way that: if the amount of particle phase pollutants is above a predetermined value, the valve is moved to the open position to enable the air to bypass the catalyst filtering core; if the amount of particle phase pollutants is less than a predetermined value, the valve is moved to the closed position to force the air to pass through the catalyst filtering core.

Abstract: A septum is positioned within a disposable vessel and defines a lower chamber and an upper chamber. The septum includes a plurality of apertures that provide fluid communication between the upper chamber and lower chamber. Compressed gas is introduced in the lower chamber to produce fine bubbles rising up throughout the vessel to produce a mixing and gasification needed for the growth of a biological culture and manufacture of a biological product in a nutrient medium. Adding a binding resin to the upper chamber allows harvesting, separation and purification of biological products in the reactor as a single unit operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reformed gas production apparatus that includes a reaction chamber containing a reforming catalyst, a supply route to the reaction chamber, a reformed gas conduction route from the reaction chamber, and a reaction chamber temperature control means that controls a temperature of the reaction chamber. The supply route supplies a fluid that includes a fuel containing a hydrocarbon having at least two carbon atoms, at least one of steam and a carbon dioxide-containing gas, and an oxygen-containing gas. The fuel can be a mixed fuel that includes a plurality of types of hydrocarbons that each have at least two carbon atoms. The reaction chamber temperature control means relates to the thermal decomposition index temperature of the fuel, which defines an upper limit temperature of the reforming reaction region.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a downsized ozone generation unit including control means having plurality of means for outputting an ozone gas, and the ozone generation unit. In the present invention, a gas pipe integrated block (30) has a plurality of internal pipe paths (R30a to R30f). The plurality of internal pipe paths are connected to an ozone generator (1), control means (an MFC (3), a gas filter (51), and an APC (4)), a raw gas supply port (14), an ozone gas output port (15), and cooling water inlet/outlet ports (13A, 13B), to thereby form a unit in which a raw gas input pipe path and an ozone gas output pipe path are integrated. The raw gas input pipe path extends from the raw gas supply port through the APC to the ozone gas generator. The ozone gas output pipe path extends from the ozone generator through the gas filter, the ozone concentration meter 5, and the MFC 3, to the ozone gas output port.

Abstract: A method measures a property of a germicidal solution in an endoscope processor spectroscopically by placing a quantity of the solution into a cuvette and passing a light therethrough. A reservoir receives a quantity of the solution and bubbles are filtered out via a cross-flow filter prior to putting a sample therefrom into the cuvette for measuring.

Abstract: A continuous emulsion aggregation process for the production of particles is presented including a plurality of continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR). The plurality of continuous stirred-tank reactors includes at least one feed tank of raw materials, at least one reactor for facilitating cold addition, at least two reactors for facilitating an aggregation process, at least one reactor for facilitating a shell addition process; at least one reactor for facilitating a freeze process, at least one reactor for facilitating a chelating process, at least one reactor for facilitating a ramp-up process and at least one reactor for facilitating a coalescence process, wherein the reactors are sequentially assembled in a series configuration and separated by short conduits to produce toner particles that are narrowly distributed.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for the selective reaction of terpenes (including mono-, sesqui-, di-terpenes, and others in the terpene family), alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and related olefins to their respective dimeric product in high purity using heterogeneous acid catalyst concurrent with full utilization of energy created in the process. Embodiments of the invention carry out a unique and highly efficient dimerization of terpenes, alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and olefins using cost effective catalysts and low cost equipment that are ideally suited for commercialization of jet/turbine and diesel biofuel processes producing fuels with high flashpoints and superb cold flow properties.

Abstract: An air sanitization system including a housing having an inlet and an outlet, an ozone generator disposed in the housing and positioned between the inlet and outlet, at least one fiber optic cable positioned in visible proximity to the ozone generator, a visible light detector, and a controller. The housing is configured to receive a flow of an oxygen-containing gas through the inlet, and the ozone generator generates ozone from the flow of oxygen-containing gas. The at least one fiber optic cable is configured to receive and transmit visible light from the ozone generator. The visible light detector detects an amount of visible light transmitted by the at least one fiber optic cable. The controller is in communication with the visible light detector for determining whether the amount of visible light transmitted by the at least one fiber optic cable corresponds to a failure of the ozone generator.

Abstract: A refractory wall is provided. The refractory wall includes a plurality of wall bricks coupled together to define an inner surface of the refractory wall, and a sensor port coupled to the plurality of wall bricks. The sensor port includes an outer wall defining a radial cross-sectional shape of the sensor port and defining a top ridge of the sensor port, an inner wall defining an opening extending through the sensor port, and an end wall extending between the outer wall and the inner wall. The end wall is positioned radially inward a distance from the inner surface. A method for fabricating the refractory wall is also provided.

Abstract: A beverage dispensing device including a housing, a tapping device for dispensing a beverage, a beverage container connectable with the tapping device, a freshness indicator device, a data input unit for recording replacement of the beverage container, a temperature sensor for measuring the storage temperature of the beverage, a temperature controller for adjusting the cooling temperature of a chiller, a storage unit for storing the freshness criteria, and a processing unit. The temperature sensor transmits the current beverage storage temperature to the processing unit and the processing unit calculates, depending on a recorded storage temperature period and based on stored freshness criteria, the actual freshness of the beverage, the time left until expiry of the freshness of the beverage and/or the date of expiry of the freshness of the beverage. The processing unit transmits the calculated data to the display.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator working by hydrolysis of the metal borohydride is described comprising a reaction chamber (7) which in its bottom part has a liquid collecting area (30) and leads by short and non-complex connecting components to a conduit end (38) through which the exhaust products (31) of the reaction are discharged into the environment, generally the atmosphere and thereby saving weight and volume. By using given high pressures and temperatures for the reaction, the danger of crystallization of exhaust products is prevented.

Abstract: In the case of a gasification reactor for the production of crude gas, containing CO or H2, by gasification of ash-containing fuel with oxygen-containing gas, at temperatures above the melting temperature of the ash, wherein a reaction chamber formed by a membrane wall through which coolant flows, within a pressure container, is provided, with a narrowing transition channel into a gas cooling chamber, wherein spin-reducing, cooled bulkheads are provided in the transition channel, a solution is to be created, with which a strand formation of the outflowing ash can be achieved, for one thing, and, for another, a further slag drip edge that ensures optimal slag outflow is made available.

Abstract: A process is described for cleansing and deodorizing an environmental space including deodorizing a space with an ozone treatment for a pre-selected time; and thereafter, automatically and without human intervention, exposing the space to a nebulized liquid, having ozone quenching properties and comprising an odor neutralizing or air freshening agent, to reduce ozone levels to a level safe for human exposure and to remove residual odors. An apparatus for carrying out the process and compositions for use in the process are further disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid delivery apparatus is provided for depositing liquid materials onto prescribed areas. The apparatus includes a sensing and delivery pin and a photo sensor. The apparatus is sized to deliver a droplet of liquid material to the surface of a target area without coming into contact with the target surface. The apparatus is also capable of drawing geometric features, such as lines and grids of liquid material. The photo sensor measures the intensity of light during a processing cycle. Measured reflected-light intensity can be compared in real-time to a reference curve which is based on test process cycles representing the light intensity expected when the process proceeds in the preferred fashion to produce a normal spot having an expected droplet size. The light intensity measurements can also be fitted with a mathematical function such as an asymmetric double sigmoidal curve.

Abstract: A system and process is provided for removing or treating harmful biologic and organic substances within an enclosure, such as a container, building or vehicle. Air within the enclosure is heated to a predetermined temperature to kill organisms and cause harmful substances in the structure to migrate into the ambient air. Boric acid in combination with the heat may be used to kill mold and similar undesirable organisms. Temperature and pressure levels are monitored. The heated air carrying the harmful substances is passed through a filter to remove the harmful substances, and the heated air is re-circulated to enhance efficiency. The system effectively kills insects, molds, viruses and bacteria and reduces the levels of allergens and volatile organic compounds in the structure.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator provided with a cracker which cracks a compound containing hydrogen atoms and nitrogen atoms to generate hydrogen, a compound feeder which feeds the compound to the cracker, and an oxygen feeder which feeds oxygen to the cracker. The cracker includes catalyst particles which promote the cracking of the compound and catalyst particles which promote the oxidation of the compound. The cracker is fed with the compound and oxygen, causes the compound to oxidize to generate heat of oxidation, and uses the generated heat of oxidation to crack the compound.

Abstract: A device and method for inactivating infectious biological or chemical agents using microwave-activated diazoluminomelanin (DALM). The agents are typically vacuumed into a load cavity, which is at least partially filled with DALM. The load is irradiated with microwaves via a cylindrical waveguide disposed under the load cavity, thereby inactivating or destroying the agents. The system is preferably temperature controlled and operation is preferably automated.

Abstract: Methods and systems for on-site, continuous generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining the size of particles within a fluidized bed reactor for use with thermally decomposable silicon-containing gas. The pressure of gas adjacent a gas inlet and adjacent a gas outlet of the reactor are measured with pressure sensors. An algorithm is applied to at least one of the pressure measurements to determine the size of particles within the reactor. The determined size of the particles can be used to control the operation of the reactor.

Abstract: A method for purifying polluted air having particle phase pollutants and gaseous phase pollutants is provided. The method comprising: separately purifying and treating particle phase and gaseous phase pollutants present in the air; providing a dust cleaning apparatus, a catalytic filter core and a valve for controlling an airflow path within an air purification apparatus; controlling the airflow path for the air to bypass the catalytic filter core in a way that: if the amount of particle phase pollutants is above a predetermined value, the valve is moved to the open position to enable the air to bypass the catalyst filtering core; if the amount of particle phase pollutants is less than a predetermined value, the valve is moved to the closed position to force the air to pass through the catalyst filtering core.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter provides a package and methods for disinfecting a wide variety of microbiologically contaminated products. Particularly, the disclosed package comprises a package to house the product to be disinfected and a disinfecting gas generator positioned within the interior of the package. The materials used to construct the package and/or the gas generator comprises an active agent that neutralizes the disinfecting gas from the interior of the package. The reactivity of the active agent is balanced such that the rate of neutralizing is lower than the rate of disinfecting gas release. As a result, the disinfecting gas has time to function fully before it is neutralized. Thus, when a user opens the package at the end of the disinfecting period, exposure to the disinfecting gas is minimized or eliminated.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a system comprising a meter and a disposable cartridge for analyzing a fluid sample typically blood that is drawn into the cartridge by capillary action, negative pressure, positive pressure, or a combination thereof. The cartridge has at least one flow path, and includes at least one optical chamber for spectroscopic measurement, and at least one biosensor for biosensor measurement. The meter has a sample slot for receiving the disposable cartridge. The cartridges have electrical output contacts, and the meter slot has electrical input contacts. When the output contacts mate with the input contacts, the optical chamber becomes positioned for spectroscopic measurement. The present invention can provide joint-diagnostic spectroscopic and biosensor measurements.

Abstract: A biological indicator access apparatus and method thereof is provided. The apparatus includes a cage positioned at least partially within an interior compartment of a medical sterilization container, wherein the cage has an interior portion sized to house at least one biological indicator. At least one access element is removably coupled to the cage and permitting access to the interior portion, wherein the at least one access element is located exterior to the medical sterilization container. A filter material at least partially forms the interior portion of the cage, wherein the filter material allows a sterilization substance to traverse from within the interior compartment of the medical sterilization container to the interior portion and prevents non-sterilize substances from traversing from the interior portion to the interior compartment of the medical sterilization container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sterilization coat (1) for sterilizing a device (2) like a medical detection device, wherein the sterilization coat (1) is adapted to be arranged on the device (2) and comprises a heating layer for sterilizing the device (2) by heating. If the sterilization coat (1) has been arranged on the device, several sterilization procedures can be performed by heating the sterilization coat (1) using the heating layer. Thus, it is not necessary to arrange sterile plastic drapes around the device (2) each time a sterile device is needed, for example, before each medical interventional procedure. If a sterilization of the device (2) is needed, the heating layer heats the device (2) for sterilizing. This simplifies the procedure for sterilizing the device (2).

Abstract: A plasma generation apparatus and method, which achieve both sterilization and deodorization of attached bacteria even under the condition that steam or fine droplets of water are present. A pair of electrodes is prepared, plasma discharge is carried out by applying designated voltage between the pair of electrodes, fluid passage holes are provided at corresponding parts of respective electrodes so as to communicate with each other, and steam or fine droplets of water are applied to the fluid passage holes and plasma generated around the fluid passage holes.

Abstract: A method of dispensing a volatile material comprises the steps of providing power to a volatile material diffuser having a diffusion element. The method further includes the step of operating the diffusion element for a randomly determined period of time, wherein the diffusion element is continuously activated and deactivated during the period of time at a randomly determined duty cycle.

Abstract: A method for gas phase application of chlorine dioxide within an enclosed volume that includes the steps of: climatizing the enclosed volume to achieve a relative humidity (RH) in the range of about 5% to about 56%; generating chlorine dioxide gas; and introducing the chlorine dioxide gas under specified conditions of chlorine dioxide gas concentration and contact time, the specified conditions being effective to eliminate contaminants within the closed volume, and further to mitigate corrosion within the enclosed volume during the gas phase application.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for taking out and analyzing a sample from a polymerization reactor comprising one or more sample conduits (2), for taking a sample out of said reactor and for conducting said sample to one or more sample flash tanks (3), whereby said conduits each are in communication with said reactor (19) and each are provided with at least two sampling valves (4, 5); comprising one or more sample flash tanks (3), for separating said solid particles and evaporated gas, whereby said sample flash tanks are connected to said conduits (2) and provided with means for analyzing said evaporated gas (7), and comprising one or more sample receivers (6), for purifying said solid particles, whereby said receivers are connected to said sample flash tanks (3) and provided with means (8) for analyzing said solid particles. The invention further relates to a method for improving a polymerization reaction in a polymerization reactor.

Abstract: A method of forming a sheet wafer melts feedstock material in a crucible that is part of a crystal growth furnace, and passes a plurality of filaments through the crucible to form a (un-separated) sheet wafers. A plurality of sheet wafers may be formed in different lanes in the crucible. One or more vision systems is used, during growth, to determine if a sheet wafer has a defective condition. If a defect is detected, then any of a variety of corrective actions may be taken, such as activating a cutting device to remove at least a portion of the sheet wafer, assessing the defect and grading a portion of the sheet wafer (e.g., for sorting based on grade), and/or producing an indicia. In a multiple-lane embodiment, a defect may be attended to in one lane while sheet growth continues in one or more other lanes.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor includes a bottom portion, a roof portion and side walls vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, forming a reaction chamber of the fluidized bed reactor. A solids separator is in connection with the reaction chamber. At least one side wall of the reaction chamber forms at least one indentation in the reaction chamber, which indentation is substantially vertical and extends from the plane of the side wall towards the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A test paper includes a porous membrane capable of separating an object that should be filtered out of a sample by filtration, the porous membrane carrying a reagent capable of reacting with a specified component of the sample to result in coloring. The porous membrane includes a first layer having a surface on which the sample is supplied and a second layer having a surface at which sample percolation and measuring are effected, the first layer composed of large pore portions, the surface of the first layer consisting of a smooth surface having open pore portions, the second layer composed of minute pore portions the surface of the second layer consisting of a surface having open pore portions. The porous membrane has a thickness of 50 to 200 ?m and a porosity of 60 to 95%.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for adjusting a pressure in a microreactor system. An example microreactor system may include a reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is effective to receive at least one reactant, and carry out a reaction on the reactant to produce a product. An example method may comprise controlling a first electroosmotic pump to drive a first fluid toward the reaction chamber with a first force. In some examples. the method may further comprise controlling a second electroosmotic pump to drive a second fluid toward the reaction chamber with a second force. In some examples, the method may further comprise carrying out the reaction on the reactants in the reaction chamber to produce the product. The first and the second forces may be effective to generate a pressure inside the reaction chamber, where the pressure is greater than one atmosphere.

Abstract: A battery includes a housing, a cathode and an anode within the housing, and a battery-life indicator including a fragrance that is released to indicate usage of the battery.

Abstract: Acoustic resonators and systems for controlling the same to cause desired reactions and physical effects therein are described. Some aspects are directed to an acoustic cavitation resonator that can be placed under high static pressure and to which a set of ultrasonic drivers are coupled so as to cause cavitation in the resonator during operation. Inlet and outlet ports allow introduction of one or more fluid species into the resonator so that the desired processing of the fluids can be accomplished under pressure and in the presence of cavitation.

Abstract: A continuous method and a production device for producing hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium (Ti4+) are provided. The method comprises six steps: (i) carrying out redox reaction between metal titanium and excess strong acid; (ii) carrying out primary chelation; (iii) diluting; (iv) adjusting pH value for the first time; (v) carrying out secondary chelation; and (vi) adding microelement and adjusting pH value for the second time. The device includes a reaction kettle, multiple metering pumps, a chelation kettle, dilution tank, multiple precise mixing reaction kettles, the first chelator storage tank, a pure water storage tank, an alkali liquor storage tank, the second chelator storage tank, multiple microelements storage tanks, a control center, etc. The method uses a multi-points, spiral, reverse and atomization spraying technique synchronously to carry out digital full automatic continuous production and reach the effect of elaborately mixing the material.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing corrosion in a turbomachine are provided. The method may include providing a process gas to a condenser, wherein the process gas contains a condensate having a pH level that is acidic. The condenser may be configured to remove at least a portion of the condensate from the process gas. Any condensate that is not removed is a remaining condensate. The method may further include increasing the pH level of the remaining condensate to above about 4 by mixing the process gas and the remaining condensate with an amount of pH modifier to form a mixture, and directing the mixture to a compressor coupled to the condenser, wherein the compressor is configured to compress the mixture.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a crystallization device and a crystallization process for obtaining (meth)acrylic acid with higher purity without causing leakage of a crude solution by preventing complete clogging in a crystallization tube from occurring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microwave apparatus, a method or use of the apparatus and a method of carrying out chemical reactions on a continuous basis with the apparatus, wherein the apparatus is particularly suitable for microwave-assisted organic synthesis.

Abstract: Microwave heating apparatus for chemical-physical processes comprising a microwave source, operatively connected to an end of an antenna at a connector. The antenna is put in a reaction container where it irradiates with microwaves a reacting material. The antenna is coated with a sheath that avoids a direct contact with the reacting material, or is put into in a housing executed in the container. The housing, made of a material transparent to microwaves, can cross the reaction container for a part thereof, or for all its width. The arrangement of the antenna in the reacting material provides a quick and effective heating. Furthermore, it is possible to increase considerably the selectivity, the control and the efficiency of a chemical-physical processes to which the heating technique above described is applied. This allows also to provide a considerable energy saving with respect to apparatus of prior art.

Abstract: A decontamination apparatus is provided including an enclosure. A first and second decontamination system may be provided within the enclosure. The first and second decontamination systems may be arranged within the enclosure and configured to decontaminate the articles received in the enclosure. The first and second decontamination systems may rely on different methods of decontamination. The enclosure of the decontamination apparatus may be defined by a plurality of connected prefabricated modular walls. A mobile control and supply module may also be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for synthesizing oligonucleotides wherein a reaction zone has a variable volume based on the position of a piston, and the piston is adjusted to control the amount of headspace above solid support in the reaction zone. Methods and apparatus that limit the size or existence of the headspace are described.

Abstract: Provided is a pressure-cycling type of extraction device comprising: an extraction unit for accommodating and extracting an extraction target substance; a compression unit for increasing the pressure inside the extraction unit; and a decompression unit for decreasing the pressure inside the extraction unit; wherein the pressure inside the extraction unit is increased and decreased by alternately operating the compression unit and the decompression unit, and the extraction unit comprises a bubbling nozzle for supplying bubbles into the extraction target substance. Further provided is a pressure-cycling type of extraction method in which a compression process and a decompression process are carried out alternately, and compositions produced by the method. The extraction device and method allow low temperature extraction, permit outstanding extraction efficiency and can prevent colour changes, olfactory changes and thermal denaturation of the extraction target substance.

Abstract: Systems and methods for software-reconfigurable chemical process systems useful in a wide range of applications. Embodiments may include software control of internal processes, automated provisions for cleaning internal elements with solvents, provisions for clearing and drying gasses, and multitasking operation. In one family of embodiments, a flexible software-reconfigurable multipurpose reusable “Lab-on-a-Chip” or “embedded chemical processor” is realized that can facilitate a wide range of applications, instruments, and appliances. Through use of a general architecture, a single design can be economically manufactured in large scale and readily adapted to diverse specialized applications. Clearing and cleaning provisions may be used to facilitate reuse of the device, or may be used for decontamination prior to recycling or non-reclaimed disposal.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially applicable method for producing acrolein via treatment with supercritical water from glycerin obtained as a by-product during the process of biodiesel fuel production from waste animal/plant fat or oil with the use of an alkali catalyst. The present invention provides a method for producing acrolein, which comprises: a determination step of determining the hydrogen ion concentration in glycerin obtained as a by-product; an acid addition step of adding to the glycerin an acid at an amount calculated based on the results of the determination step so as to make the glycerin acidic; and a supercritical water treatment step of allowing supercritical water to act on the glycerin after the acid addition so as to produce acrolein from the glycerin.

Abstract: By providing a tool internal sensor device in a process tool in a semiconductor facility, metal contamination may be monitored in situ, thereby avoiding or at least significantly reducing the requirement for sophisticated sample preparation techniques, such as vapor phase decomposition tests in combination with subsequent analysis procedures. Thus, a full time inspection of process tools may be accomplished.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system or method of increased efficiency in carbon nanomaterial synthesis. In one embodiment, a system or method of automated collection of deposited carbon nanomaterial is disclosed. According to one or more embodiments, a method of automated collection of deposited nanomaterial may comprise using cleaner blades to clean the wall of a deposition chamber and the surface of a central body where carbon nanomaterial has been deposited. The method of automated carbon nanomaterial collection may be used in connection with a method of carbon nanomaterial synthesis, to create a more efficient synthesis process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling a real-time oxidation-reduction potential in a hot water system to inhibit corrosion in the hot water system. The method includes defining one or more operational protective zones in the hot water system. One or more of the operational protective zones includes an oxidation-reduction potential probe that is operable to measure a real-time oxidation-reduction potential in the hot water system at operating temperature and pressure. The probe transmits the measured real-time potential to the controller, which assesses and interprets the transmitted potential to determine whether it conforms to an oxidation-reduction potential setting. If the measured potential does not conform the oxidation-reduction potential setting, the controller is operable to feed one or more active chemical species into the hot water system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bubble column reactor comprising a column reactor containing a lower 2-phase cm section and an upper gaseous phase section, characterized in that the reactor comprises a measurement device for measuring the level of 2-phase section in the column reactor, wherein the measurement device comprises an emitter and a detector for electromagnetic PI- radiation which are positioned outside of the column reactor and to a method for level measurement in such a reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas hydrate reactor including a supply line for supplying water and gas, a thermoelectric module assembly, a front panel including an observation window, and a housing to which the thermoelectric module assembly and the front panel are attached and into which water and gas are supplied using the supply line so that a gas hydrate is formed therein. This reactor enables rapid and precise temperature control, thus allowing accurate data about properties to be easily acquired in kinetics, phase equilibrium, morphology and microscopic (Raman, XRD, etc.) research of a gas hydrate, thereby leading to the discovery of a gas hydrate production/decomposition mechanism and ensuring important information necessary for a gas hydrate application process.

Abstract: The present invention describes a system and method for accurately measuring the concentration of a substance within a filter housing. A concentration sensor and a communications device are coupled so as to be able to measure and transmit the concentration of a particular substance within the filter housing while in use. This system can comprise a single component, integrating both the communication device and the concentration sensor. Alternatively, the system can comprise separate sensor and transmitter components, in communication with one another. In yet another embodiment, a storage element can be added to the system, thereby allowing the device to store a set of concentration values. The use of this device is beneficial to many applications. For example, the ability to read concentration values in situ allows integrity tests to be performed without additional equipment.