Abstract: Aqueous or partly aqueous systems are treated against the corrosion of metals, especially ferrous metals, in contact therewith, and/or against scale deposition therefrom, by adding to these systems from 0.1 to 50 000 ppm of 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid having the formula I ##STR1## or a water-soluble salt thereof.

Abstract: A method of preventing corrosion and scale formation on metals exposed to industrial recirculating waters having a pH ranging between about 7.0 to about 9.5, which consists essentially of adding to said industrial recirculating waters an effective amount of a combination of a water-soluble zinc salt, a nitrogen-containing N-alkylated acrylamide zinc complexing polymer and an orthophosphate ion source, wherein:(a) the weight ratio of zinc to nitrogen-containing zinc complexing polymer ranges between 1:1 to about 1:20;(b) the nitrogen-containing N-alkylated acrylamide zinc complexing polymer has a weight average molecular weight ranging between 2,000 to 25,000 and is selected form the group consisting of water-soluble copolymers and terpolymers containing at least two mole percent of an N-alkylated acrylamide monomer, wherein the nitrogen substituted alkyl group contains from 3-12 carbon atoms and wherein the N-alkyl group may be linear or branched.

Abstract: Iron oxide deposits are removed from substrates by use of aqueous solution at approximately neutral pH containing a phosphonate (e.g., hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid), a reducing agent (e.g., sodium sulfite), and a corrosion inhibitor (e.g., benzotriazole). Optionally, a surfactant and dispersant may be included.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor for ferrous and non-ferrous aqueous systems comprising (a) a water soluble phosphonic acid or salt thereof, preferably an amino methylene phosphonic acid; (b) a phosphonocarboxylic acid, preferably a phosphonoalkane carboxylic acid; (c) an azole, preferably benzotriazole or tolyltriazole; and (d) a water soluble molybdate salt, preferably sodium molybdate.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3); R.sub.2 is OH, OM, or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and a is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibiting compositions for inhibiting corrosion and the deposition of mineral scale on metal in aqueous systems contain sequestrants such as carboxylic acids, phosphates, or optionally sulfur containing lignosulfonates, as well as carboxylated phosphonic acids of the formula ##STR1## wherein m is from 1 to about 6, wherein n is from 0 to about 6, wherein R is --H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, -aryl, -alkyl substituted aryl, -cycloalkyl, -methylene phosphonic acid, or -methylene carboxylic acid, and wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently is --H, -alkyl, -aryl, -alkyl substituted aryl, --OH, --SH, --NH.sub.2, --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, --CO.sub.2 H, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H, halogen, or --SO.sub.3 H. The composition can also contain other corrosion inhibiting compounds such as azoles, molybdates, and the like.

Abstract: The corrosion tendencies of polymers of 4-methyl-1-pentene, when combined with tris-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate and bis(2,4-ditert-butyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite are reduced. Optionally, metal stearates and/or poly[[6-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino]-5-triazine-2,4-diyl][2,2,6,6-tet ramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]hexamethylene[2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)im ino]] can be added to further reduce the polymer corrosion tendencies.

Abstract: A method to determine performance of a treating agent (CA) added to a system body of liquid to enhance performance of the liquid body is determined by employing an inert fluorescent tracer (T) in a known T:CA dosage proportion, prepared on the basis of a concentration of CA (e.g. ppm) proposed for optimum performance in the liquid body. The system liquid is sampled and, on the basis of fluorescent emission, the sampled indicator is compared to a standard ppm concentration of T to determine the concentration and efficacy of CA and the physical characteristics and operating parameters of the liquid body.

Abstract: The corrosive effects of liquid nitrogen-based fertilizer compositions on metal surfaces is reduced by adding to the fertilizer compositions small amounts of amine oxides.

Abstract: A method of treating an aqueous system is disclosed which comprises adding thereto a water-soluble zinc salt, a chelant and either a product containing at least one phosphorous-containing acid group and at least one carboxylic acid group or an acrylic, vinyl or allyl carboxylic acid polymer.

Abstract: For water-treatment in swimming pools, cooling towers, hot tubs, and other systems, it is desired to feed various chemicals in small quantities but at optimum rates into the system. In several embodiments of the invention the water is recirculated through the system which usually includes a filter. It has been discovered that the chemicals can be fed by enclosing them in generally spherical plastic capsules suggestive of table tennis balls, but about the size of a base ball. The rate of feeding depends upon the size and number of small holes which are provided, or the user pokes through the shell of the capsule, upon the solubility of the chemical, and upon the flow rate of the water through a strainer, skimmer, or other chamber in the system into which the capsule is introduced. The random orientation of the capsule tends to average out variations.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and have a pH of at least 8, which composition comprises a water-soluble organic phosphonate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaliine environment and a hydrocarbon polymer containing an N-substituted acrylamide polymer with an amide structure as follows: ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or an alkyl and R is alkylene or phenylene, and X is sulfonate, (poly)hydroxyl, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and a pH of at least 6.5, by dosing the water with a composition which comprises a water-soluble inorganic phosphate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaline environment and a hydrocarbon polymer containing an N-substituted acrylamide polymers with an amide structure as follows: ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or an alkyl and R is alkylene or phenylene, and X is sulfonate, (poly)hydroxyl, (poly)carboxyl or carbonyl, and combinations thereof; or containing derivatized maleic anhydride homo-, co- and terpolymers having N-substituted maleamic acid units, N-substituted maleimide units and maleic acid (and salts) units having a structure as follows: ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and a pH of at least 6.5, comprising using a water-soluble inorganic phosphate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaline environment and a co- or terpolymer of acrylic acid and certain substituted acrylamides such as t-butyl acrylamide. A water-soluble organic phosphonate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an alkaline environment may be used as an adjunct for the phosphate.

Abstract: A series of water-dispersible corrosion inhibiting solutions and a method of using these solutions are disclosed which contain a thiol ester represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, or an alkyl or alkylaryl group that is the nucleus of a dimerized fatty acid having about 28 to about 36 carbon atoms, X is a dithiol having about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, m=0 where R has about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, m=0 or 1 where R has about 28 to about 36 carbon atom. It has been discovered that the use of these thiol esters along or the addition of the thiol esters to organic inhibitor systems reduces corrosion.

Abstract: Polymeric phosphonate anhydrides are formed by dehydrating a reaction mixture comprising a salt of a diphosponic acid. The invention includes the polymeric phosphonate, its method of preparation, and a primary use.

Abstract: An all-in-one treatment composition for a water cooling tower includes a water soluble aromatic azole corrosion inhibitor such as benzotriazole, an organophosphorous antiscalant and a polymeric quaternary ammonium compound. The polymeric quaternary ammonium compound has the following general formula: ##STR1## The composition is suitable for use at low level continuous applications rates. The polymeric quaternary ammonium compound is also suitable for use at low concentration as a continuous biocide/biostat. This compound does not suffer from the acclimatization typically encountered when one biocide is used on a continuous low level basis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of inhibiting the corrosion of copper and copper alloys in an aqueous system containing oxygen using an effective amount of a polymer prepared from:(A) about 30 to about 70%, by weight, of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid;(B) about 30 to about 70%, by weight, of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid or 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid; and(C) about 15 to about 25%, by weight, of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylphosphonic acid or 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropylphosphonic acid, acrylamide or methacrylamide; wherein the polymer has an intrinsic viscosity of from about 0.05 to about 4.5 dl/g, in 1.0 M NaCl.

Abstract: A process and composition using hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid or its water-soluble salts in combination with certain copolymers, such as water-soluble 1-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymers with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, provide improved corrosion protection for iron based metal in contact with the system water of aqueous systems.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system, for example a cooling system, is disclosed which comprises adding to the system a phosphonate of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, hydroxyl or amino, or a salt thereof and a cationic polymer.

Abstract: Aqueous or partly aqueous systems are treated against the corrosion of metals, especially ferrous metals, in contact therewith, and/or against scale deposition therefrom, by adding to these systems from 0.1 to 50 000 ppm of 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid having the formula I ##STR1## or a water-soluble salt thereof.

Abstract: Antifreeze composition and composition concentrate containing at least one organophosphate and at least one silicate in buffer/alcohol, together with method of making and using the composition and composition concentrate.

Abstract: Antifreeze composition containing at least one organophosphate in buffer/alcohol, together with method of using and composition.

Abstract: A method of controlling the corrosion of a metal surface in contact with an aqueous system while at the same time preventing the precipitation of potentially scale-forming calcium phosphate. The water in such systems is treated with a combination of a source of orthophosphate ion and a mixture of methylene phosphonic acid derivatives of C.sub.6 diamines, or the salts thereof. A composition for preventing the precipitation of calcium phosphate containing a mixture of methylene phosphonic acid derivatives of C.sub.6 diamines or the salts thereof.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor for ferrous and non-ferrous aqueous systems comprising (a) a water soluble phosphonic acid or salt thereof, preferably an amino methylene phosphonic acid; (b) a phosphonocarboxylic acid, preferably a phosphonoalkane carboxylic acid; and (c) a triazole, preferably benzotriazole or tolyltriazole.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibition and scale control method and composition are disclosed. The method comprises, adding to a cooling water system, for which protection is desired, a water soluble zinc salt, a water soluble sulfonated styrene/maleic anhydride (SSMA) copolymer and an organo-phosphorus acid compound. A corrosion inhibitor compound such as a 1,2,3-triazole or thiazole compound may be added to afford additional protection. Molybdate salts may also be included as optional corrosion inhibitors. A cellulose gum material and/or water soluble acrylic acid polymer or copolymer may be conjointly used with the SSMA copolymer.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3); R.sub.2 is OH, OM, or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and a is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3); R.sub.2 is OH, OM, or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and a is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: Scale control polymers and methods of use are disclosed. The polymers are water soluble and are composed of repeat units formed from an .alpha., .beta.ethylenically unsaturated commpound, and repeat units formed from allyl alkylene phosphite ethers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of inhibiting corrosion and the precipitation of scale-forming salts in an aqueous system, comprising adding to the system at least 0.1 mg/l of a polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.05 to 4.5 dl/g, in 1.0 M NaCl, prepared from:(A) 35 to 65%, by weight, of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid;(B) 15 to 45%, by weight, of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid or 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid; and(C) 15 to 25%, by weight, of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl phosphonic acid or 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropylphosphonic acid.

Abstract: Composition for inhibition of ferrous metal corrosion consisting essentially of (a) HEDPA compound and (b) HPAA compound. Optionally the composition may also include (c) an azole.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in aqueous acidic compositions comprising 3-amino-5-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles and aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid); and a method for its use.

Abstract: Compositions useful as corrosion inhibitors for high density brines at high temperatures comprise phosphonium salts, such as triphenyldocosyl phosphonium chloride.

Abstract: The invention is an improved process for inhibiting corrosion of metals in water conducting systems. It comprises employing in combination a compound of manganese together with organic aminoalkylenephosphonic acid derivatives to the water in such systems. These amine derivative compounds may also contain other functional groups, e.g., carboxylates, quaternary amines, hydroxyalkyl groups and the like.

Abstract: Antifreeze composition and composition concentrate containing at least one organophosphate in buffer/alcohol, together with method of using the composition and composition concentrate.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for cooling an internal combustion engine with an oil-in-alcohol containing consolute antifreeze composition.

Abstract: Process for conditioning metal surfaces to inhibit their corrosion and/or to inhibit scale deposition thereon by treating said surfaces:(A) prior to contact with a corrosive or scaling environment, with 2-hydroxy-phosphonoacetic acid or a metal salt thereof and optionally with a metal ion component (b) as hereinafter defined(B) during contact with an aqueous system capable of corroding said metal surfaces or depositing scale thereon, with a combination of:(a) 2-hydroxy-phosphonacetic acid or a water-soluble salt thereof; and(b) a metal ion which enhances, synergistically, the metal conditioning effected, individually, by 2-hydroxy-phosphonoacetic acid and the metal ion.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for inhibiting corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale in aqueous systems comprising adding to the system at least 0.1 ppm. of a water soluble polymer, having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.05 to 2.5 dl/g, prepared from:(A) 50 to 95%, by weight, of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, or its salt, and(B) 5 to 50%, by weight, of a betaine-containing monomer selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein R, which may be the same or different, is hydrogen, a straight or branched, alkyl or an aryl or alkylaryl group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms;R.sup.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting amorphous silica scale formation on surfaces in contact with industrial waters containing dissolved silicates is disclosed. The method involves treating the industrial waters with a boron compound which dissolves in or hydrolyzes in these industrial waters to give the orthoborate ion. The preferred boron compound is boric acid, its salts, or precursors.

Abstract: A method for treating cold or hot water delivered through copper tubes characterized by dosing the hexaphosphoric acid ester of myo-inositol (C.sub.6 H.sub.18 O.sub.24 P.sub.6) or its salts into the cold or hot water.

Abstract: Composition and method for inhibiting corrosion in aqueous systems using synergistic combination of an inorganic nitrite and a phosphonate, e.g., 10-20 ppm sodium nitrite plus 0.5-5 ppm hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid.

Abstract: Compositions for inhibiting mineral scale and the corrosion of metals particularly the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in the presence of aqueous liquids are disclosed. The combination of a water-soluble phosphate with at least one of a water-soluble molybdate, tungstate, or selenate is disclosed as providing a synergistic protective effect against the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in aqueous liquids.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of phospho-compositions, for example phosphates, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates, organophosphates, etc., as corrosion inhibitors in oxygen-containing aqueous systems of particulate matter such as slurries of solids, such as coal, etc.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibition and scale control method and composition are disclosed. The method comprises, adding to a cooling water system, for which protection is desired, a water soluble zinc salt, a cellulose gum material and an organo-phosphorus acid compound. Optionally, a corrosion inhibitor compound such as a 1,2,3-triazole or thiazole compound may be added to afford additional protection. Molybdate salts may also be included as optional corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: An improved oxygen scavenger for aqueous mediums is disclosed which comprises hydrazine-free solution of hydroquinone and mu-amine.

Abstract: Asymmetrical phosphate esters of formula I ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.1-20 alkyl,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-20 alkyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methylx is 1-15and M is hydrogen, an alkali metal ion or an equivalent of an alkali earth metal or zinc ionare effective inhibitors of oxidative corrosion of metals in the presence of electrolytes. They may be used alone or in conjunction with further additives, and are preferably dissolved in the electrolyte with which the metal is to come in contact.

Abstract: Antifreeze compositions and a process for inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum in contact with aqueous liquids are disclosed. The antifreeze compositions comprise a combination of an alkanolamine, an alkali metal phosphate, a heterocyclic nitrogen compound, as defined, and a conventional corrosion inhibitor in effective corrosion inhibiting amounts. The aqueous liquid can be an alcohol such as ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A water soluble isopropenylphosphonic acid copolymer composition and method of use thereof are disclosed. The copolymer comprises repeat units (a) of the formula ##STR1## wherein X=OH or OM, wherein M is a cation; and repeat units (b) of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is chosen from the group consisting of hydroxy, hydroxylated alkoxy, and amide and water soluble salts thereof; R.sub.2 is H, or lower alkyl of from 1-3 carbon atoms. These copolymers are effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also act to inhibit corrosion in water systems.

Abstract: Hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and alkali metal or ammonium salt of such acid are prepared. They are useful in detergent compositions and in sequestering and chelating polyvalent metals.

Abstract: Compositions for inhibiting mineral scale and the corrosion of metals particularly the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in the presence of aqueous liquids are disclosed. The combination of a water-soluble phosphate with at least one of a water-soluble molybdate, tungstate, or selenate is disclosed as providing a synergistic protective effect against the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in aqueous liquids.