Abstract: A method for stepwise extraction of silica and hydroxide from silicate substances. The silicate substances are leached by chlorine-containing inorganic acids, and the hydroxides are extracted step by step from the leaching liquor by electrochemical deposition method; The raw material of the powder is put in the reactor, inorganic acids, water-soluble alcohol and water are added as the leaching liquor, heated and reacted under the condition of 0.1 MPa or more, and the acidic multi-ion mixed solution and filter residue are obtained by filtration. The acidic multi-ion mixed solution is heated and boiled, and the silicon-containing volatile components are collected, decomposed and deposited in the collector; The deposited volatile components is dried to obtain high purity silica powder; The filter residue is washed and dried to obtain silica; The hydroxides are extracted from the acidic multi-ion mixed solution by electrochemical deposition method.

Abstract: An agitator (1) is for a liquid analysis system (3, 50). It has a chamber (5) for reception of a sample liquid. A passageway (6) from the bottom of the chamber (5) ends in an agitator chamber (7). A side wall of the agitator chamber (7) is formed by a diaphragm (8). The diaphragm (8) is connected to an electric motor (9) with an eccentric drive for reciprocating movement of the diaphragm (8). A gas inlet (10) in the opposite side of the body (2) is connected by a passageway (11) to the agitator chamber (7). The agitation chamber has a domed internal face opposed to the diaphragm, by which about 10% of the agitation chamber (7) volume is displaced by the inward movement of the diaphragm (8). Also, advantageously, there is a uniform application of displacement force within the agitation chamber (7) by virtue of the domed internal surface.

Abstract: A method for removing formaldehyde from a blend of partially oxygenated hydrocarbons is provided. The method including a step of reacting a hydrocarbon-containing gas with an oxygen-containing gas in a reaction vessel to form first product blend. The first product blend includes a blend of partially oxygenated compounds that include formaldehyde. The blend of partially oxygenated compounds is provided to a reactive scrubbing station where it is contacted with a reactive scrubbing liquid to form a reactive liquid-formaldehyde compound. The reactive liquid-formaldehyde compound is then removed from the first blend of partially reactive compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are process and apparatus for vertical splitting of the oxygen supply to a post-oxidation reactor. Further disclosed are process and apparatus for supplying reaction medium to a post-oxidation reactor at a mid-level inlet. Such apparatus and process can assist in reducing oxygen pinch throughout the post-oxidation reactor.

Abstract: A process for producing higher molecular weight polyester includes heating a polyester to form a melt, and applying and maintaining a vacuum of between about 5 mm and about 85 mm of mercury to the melt while passing bubbles of gas through the melt until molecular weight has increased. The process may involve esterification of a diacid component and a diol component at elevated temperature. After the acid functional groups have essentially reacted, a vacuum of about 5 mm of mercury or less was applied and excess diol stripped off during transesterification, thereby increasing molecular weight.

Abstract: Sulfur emissions from liquid sulfur are reduced, or even entirely avoided by degassing the liquid sulfur at pressure in an out-of-pit vessel and by sweeping the rundown pit (or vessel) with a sweep gas that is non-poisonous for a hydrogenation catalyst. Acid gases from degassing are fed at pressure to the Claus unit, while sweep gases are fed to the tail gas treatment unit to substantially recycle the acid gases to extinction. In preferred plants and methods, motive fluids and booster eductors or compressors are not needed, and incineration of the acid gases can be avoided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a single shell open interstage reactor (“SSOI”). The SSOI comprises a first reaction stage, an interstage heat exchanger, an open interstage region, and a second reaction stage. The SSOI may be configured for upflow or downflow operation. Further, the open interstage region of the SSOI may comprise a supplemental oxidant feed. When the open interstage region comprises a supplemental oxidant feed, the SSOI may further comprise a supplemental oxidant mixing assembly. Processes for producing acrylic acid through the oxidation of propylene are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are methods for purifying N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates from solution. Also provided are methods for deprotection of boronic acids from their MIDA ligands. The purification and deprotection methods can be used in conjunction with methods for coupling or otherwise reacting boronic acids. Iterative cycles of deprotection, coupling, and purification can be performed to synthesize chemical compounds of interest. The methods are suitable for use in an automated chemical synthesis process. Also provided is an automated small molecule synthesizer apparatus for performing automated synthesis of small molecules using iterative cycles of deprotection, coupling, and purification in accordance with methods of the invention.

Abstract: Sulfur emissions from liquid sulfur are reduced, or even entirely avoided by degassing the liquid sulfur at pressure in an out-of-pit vessel and by sweeping the rundown pit (or vessel) with a sweep gas that is non-poisonous for a hydrogenation catalyst. Acid gases from degassing are fed at pressure to the Claus unit, while sweep gases are fed to the tail gas treatment unit to substantially recycle the acid gases to extinction. In preferred plants and methods, motive fluids and booster eductors or compressors are not needed, and incineration of the acid gases can be avoided.

Abstract: An absorber is provided which utilizes a solvent froth to absorb a selected component, such as CO2 for example, from a flowing gas stream, such as flue gas from a fossil fuel power plant, for example. In one embodiment, a flooded tube gas absorber utilizes a bulkhead plate extending across a reaction chamber. The plate carries a plurality of vertical absorption tubes, each carrying a plurality of spaced apart screens. The incoming gas stream flows downwardly and at equal velocities through the tubes. Solvent is injected downwardly into the tubes. The screen array forms a froth and rapidly and repeatedly bursts the froth bubbles, forming a rapidly changing absorption surface. A second embodiment uses full diameter screens without a bulkhead plate. An option is to use ridge shaped screens to achieve solvent pulsing, increasing efficiency. Both vertical and horizontal reaction chambers are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved process for the separation of different metal values from raw materials, and an apparatus for carrying out such processes are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor. Such methods and apparatus can more evenly distribute the gas throughout the reaction zone. Spargers for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor can be employed in systems and methods for carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound, such as para-xylene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat-exchanger reactor comprising a vessel, at least one dividing member selected from plates, walls, or spiral sheets, which dividing member separates heat exchanging fluids into at least one heat exchanging zone from fluids into at least one mixing zone, and at least one flow-directing device having one or more ports or one or more injection ports, which flow-directing device is inserted into the mixing zone. The present invention relates also to uses of the heat-exchanger reactor.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing cumene to cumene hydroperoxide using an oxygen containing gas, which process composes—conducting a cumene feed and an oxygen containing gas feed to at least the first oxidation reactor in a series of 3-8 reactors, thereby forming an oxidation mixture, and—conducting the oxidation mixture from one oxidation reactor to at least one subsequent reactor, wherein—the reactors are operated with reducing liquid levels; —the oxidation is operated as a dry oxidation, whereby the only gaseous feeds conducted to the oxidation reactors are the cumene feed and the oxygen containing gas feed; —the oxygen containing gas feed is washed with caustic and then with water to remove all acidic or caustic traces before conducting it into an oxidation reactor; —the pressure within each oxidation reactor is in the range of 0-10 barg; —the off-gases from the top section of each oxidation reactor are separated and cooled, whereby a condensate containing unreacted cumene is formed, and—washing the condensate and

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for oxidizing cumene to cumene hydroperoxide using an oxygen containing gas, preferably air, which process comprises—conducting a cumene feed and an oxygen containing gas feed to at least the first oxidation reactor in a series of 3-8 reactors, thereby forming an oxidation mixture, and conducting the formed oxidation mixture from one reactor to the next, preferably after an oxidation reaction has taken place, wherein—the reactors comprise at least one lower pressure oxidizer (1) as the first reactor in the series and at least one higher pressure oxidizer (2) as the last reactor in the series; —any lower pressure oxidizer is operated at a pressure of at least atmospheric pressure and any higher pressure oxidizer is operated at a pressure of at least 0.5 bar higher than said at least one lower pressure oxidizer.

Abstract: A quenching vessel being, in use, vertically elongated and provided with an inlet for gas at its upper end, an outlet for cooled gas at its lower end defining a pathway for a gas flow directed downwardly, the vessel being provided at its upper end with a first internal tubular wall part which wall part has an opening fluidly connected to the inlet for gas and wherein the tubular wall part is connected at its lower end with a divergent conical part having walls which are inclined outwardly in the direction of the pathway for gas, wherein an arrangement of more than one nozzle for atomisation and spraying a liquid quench medium in a downward direction into the pathway for the gas flow are present in the space enclosed by the divergent conical part.

Abstract: A distributor nozzle for a two-phase charge, to be used in fixed-bed reactors in order to increase the area over which the mixture is dispersed and to make its flow rate the same over the whole area of the bed in the reactor. The device includes a number of fixing bars and a deflector cone frustum. The deflector cones or cone frusta may have more than one angle in order to improve the distribution, and they have a number of apertures or slits and a number of vertical directing elements or a directing cage or frame to direct the stream of the two-phase charge in order to increase the area over which the mixture is dispersed and to make its flow rate the same over the entire area of the bed in the reactor.

Abstract: Method for processing an article comprising mixed conducting metal oxide material. The method comprises contacting the article with an oxygen-containing gas and either reducing the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas during a cooling period or increasing the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas during a heating period; during the cooling period, reducing the oxygen activity in the oxygen-containing gas during at least a portion of the cooling period and increasing the rate at which the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas is reduced during at least a portion of the cooling period; and during the heating period, increasing the oxygen activity in the oxygen-containing gas during at least a portion of the heating period and decreasing the rate at which the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas is increased during at least a portion of the heating period.

Abstract: A method of producing value-added product from refinery-related gas, the method comprising: providing a refinery-related gas comprising at least one selected from C1-C8 compounds; intimately mixing the refinery-related gas with a liquid carrier in a high shear device to form a dispersion of gas in the liquid carrier, wherein the gas bubbles in the dispersion have a mean diameter of less than or equal to about 5 ?m; and extracting value-added product comprising at least one component selected from higher hydrocarbons, olefins and alcohols. A system for producing value-added product from refinery-related gas comprising: at least one high shear device comprising at least one rotor and at least one complementarily-shaped stator; apparatus for the production of a refinery-related gas comprising one or more of C1-C8 compounds; and a pump configured for delivering a liquid stream comprising the liquid carrier to the high shear device.

Abstract: Method for treatment of workpieces of porous carbon material with liquid silicon with the formation of silicon carbide, comprising the following steps: Preheating of porous carbon workpieces under an inert gas to a selected operating temperature TB1, delivery of liquid silicon to the porous carbon workpieces at an operating pressure pB2 and an operating temperature TB2 and impregnation of the porous carbon workpieces with liquid silicon, reaction of the liquid silicon in the workpiece at a temperature TB3 with formation of silicon carbide from carbon and silicon, gassing of the workpieces with inert gas, and cooling from the operating temperature TB3 to a conditioning temperature Tk, cooling of workpieces to room temperature, in step c the delivery of silicon and transport of the workpieces taking place over preferably cylindrical rolls which are porous at least in the exterior region and which are pivoted, and their speed of rotation determining the residence time for the delivery of silicon in step c, and t