Abstract: Systems and methods for controlled, inline introduction of chemical agents to an inline fluid sample are described. A method embodiment includes, but is not limited to, receiving a fluid sample with a valve; receiving a chemical agent with the valve; introducing the fluid sample and the chemical agent inline via a mixing port of the valve to produce a mixed sample; transferring the mixed sample to a second valve; directing the mixed sample to a sample holding loop fluidically coupled with the second valve; holding the mixed sample within the sample holding loop for a holding period of time to permit a reaction between the fluid sample and the chemical agent; and directing the mixed sample from the sample holding loop to an analytic instrument following expiration of the holding period of time.

Abstract: Organic water conditioning agents may be added to an aqueous stream that is supplied to a steam generator, such as a heat recovery steam generator within a combined cycle power plant. These organic water conditioning agents may degrade to electrically-charged decomposition products that can interfere with cation conductivity measurements made on the aqueous stream. To allow deployment of the organic water conditioning agents, a sampling device can process aqueous samples to destroy interfering organic molecules, such as through heat or irradiation. Cation conductivity measurements can then be made on the aqueous sample after destroying and removing interfering organic species from the sample stream.

Abstract: A system for synthesizing organic polymers utilizing one or more independent synthesizer elements of similar design configured to interconnect to one another for combined operations. The synthesizer module contains at least two small-cavity pumps in a symmetric valve and tubing arrangement for delivery, blending and/or recirculation of synthesis reagents. The synthesizer module allows it to operate independently to perform synthesis chemistry, or two or more modules can be combined.

Abstract: A method for sensing a leak in a unit under test includes scanning a SKU on a unit under test, sending the SKU information to a compute, connecting the unit under test to a testing apparatus, removing gas from an interior volume of the unit under test, monitoring the vacuum pressure within the interior volume of the unit under test until the vacuum pressure reaches a test pressure, initiating delivery of helium to the exterior of the unit under test through a helium gun by pulling a trigger on the helium gun to dispense helium therefrom, positioning the helium supply gun so that helium is released over a weld of the unit under test, detecting the movement speed of the helium supply gun during the dispensing of helium therefrom, and displaying the helium content internal to the unit under test on a graphical user interface.

Abstract: A reactor system includes at least one reactant provided to perform a reaction. The system includes one or more sensors configured to detect sensor data regarding the reaction. The system includes processing circuitry configured to receive the sensor data from the one or more sensors, apply one or more machine learning models to the sensor data to generate a measurement regarding at least one of the reaction or an activity of at least one catalyst used to perform the reaction, and control at least one of a temperature of the reactor, a flow rate of the at least one reactant, or a concentration of the at least one reactant responsive to the measurement.

Abstract: A model predictive controller for a performing stateless prediction. Using dosed form algebraic expressions for the step test in a dynamic matrix eliminates the requirement for individual calculation on each element. With both the dynamic matrix and the vector of predicted errors written in terms of discrete algebraic equations, the control law is written as a function of the current state of the system. The control law is then be reduced to its minimal form, which leaves the next control action to be a function of the system parameters, the past errors, and the past control actions. Since the system parameters are constant, this controller is then be reduced into a single discrete equation. This greatly reduces the computations required in each control loop iteration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray irradiator for single blood bags, comprising: an X-ray irradiator main body provided with a chamber configured to safely hold a single blood bag therein and an X-ray tube configured to irradiate the chamber with X-rays; a loading part configured to load the blood bag; and a transfer part configured to transfer the blood bag between the loading part and the chamber to which X-rays are to be emitted. The X-ray irradiator for single blood bags according to the present invention can treat a single blood bag with X-rays, such that treatment optimized for a small amount of a blood bag can be performed, and a system configuration can be simplified by using an X-ray tube.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a flue gas low-temperature adsorption denitrification method, including: pressurizing a flue gas that has been subjected to dust removal and desulfurization, precooling the pressurized flue gas, cooling the precooled flue gas to a temperature lower than room temperature by a flue gas cooling system, flowing the flue gas at the temperature lower than room temperature into a low-temperature denitrification system, performing physical adsorption denitrification in the low-temperature denitrification system, precooling the flue gas that has been subjected to dust removal and desulfurization with the denitrificated flue gas, and flowing the heat-absorbed clean flue gas into a chimney to be discharged.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric sensor capable of being securely joined to a housing while being sufficiently resistant to dirt. A housing 12 of a photoelectric sensor 10 has an opening 121 which allows passage of at least one of light from a light projecting unit 14 and light to a light receiving unit 16, and is provided with a cover lens 50 which covers the opening 121 and is optically transmissive. The cover lens 50 is joined to an edge portion 121a of the housing 12 defining the opening 121. An outer surface 51 of the cover lens 50 is provided with antifouling coating 61. An inner surface 52 of the cover lens 50 has a joint portion 52a which is in contact with the edge portion 121a and is not provided with the antifouling coating 61.

Abstract: A method of washing an aspiration probe of an in-vitro diagnostic system is disclosed. The aspiration probe comprises an outer surface and an inner surface forming an inner space for receiving a fluid. The method comprises dipping the aspiration probe into a first wash fluid so that the outer surface is immersed at least in part into the first wash fluid, aspirating an amount of the first wash fluid into the inner space of the aspiration probe, propagating an ultrasonic vibration to the outer surface of the aspiration probe via the first wash fluid, and rinsing the outer surface and the inner surface of the aspiration probe with a second wash fluid. Further, an in-vitro diagnostic method and an in-vitro diagnostic system are disclosed.

Abstract: A robotic milking system includes a milking control, a milk line, and a sampling and analysis device for the milk, wherein the milking control controls the robotic milking device based on the analysis of the milk sample. The sampling and analysis device includes a control unit, a tape reel with a tape with reagent pads that detect the presence of a substance in the sample, a tape mover, a dosing device to provide a sample onto a reagent pad, a camera to image of the reagent pad with said sample, and to analyse the images to indicate a presence or concentration of said substance. The lengthwise consecutive substantially rectangular reagent pads are separated by a hydrophobic line, and the control unit recognises said line in the image and determines a position thereof. The control unit controls the tape mover on the basis of the obtained image and line position.

Abstract: A modular exhaust subsystem for purifying an exhaust gas feedstream of a compression-ignition internal combustion engine upstream of a base exhaust aftertreatment system includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a first exhaust gas sensor and a first temperature sensor that are arranged to monitor the SCR catalyst. A reductant delivery system is arranged to inject a reductant upstream of the SCR catalyst. A controller is in communication with an engine-out exhaust gas sensor, a second exhaust gas sensor and a second temperature sensor that are arranged to monitor the base exhaust aftertreatment system. The controller controls the reductant delivery system to inject the reductant into the exhaust gas feedstream upstream of the SCR catalyst based upon inputs from the first and second exhaust gas sensors, the engine-out exhaust gas sensor, and the first and second temperature sensors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a real-time method for detecting copper and silver in water in parts per billion. Total silver is detected by adding a nitric acid solution to the sample; after the silver is digested, adding a buffer solution comprising water, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and EDTA to the sample; adding an indicator comprising Cadion 2B, EtOH, and Triton X-100 to the sample; then reading the absorbance of the sample after light with an approximate target peak of 515 nm is sent through the sample; and determining the silver concentration by comparing the absorbance of the sample to the absorbances of known silver standards.

Abstract: A disinfection system includes an ultraviolet disinfecting light, a controlling device, and an ultraviolet detecting device. The ultraviolet disinfecting light can be turned on or off under control. The controlling device controls the ultraviolet disinfecting light to be turned on or off. The ultraviolet detecting device is signally connected to the controlling device and is for detecting an intensity of the ultraviolet rays emitted by the ultraviolet disinfecting light. The controlling device controls the ultraviolet disinfecting light to increase an ultraviolet radiation dose of the ultraviolet rays emitted by the ultraviolet disinfecting light after the ultraviolet disinfecting light is turned on and the intensity of the ultraviolet rays is less than a predetermined intensity. An elevator equipment includes a car, a lift control device, and the disinfection system. In this way, the space can be disinfected with the ultraviolet rays to avoid insufficient disinfection effect.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to systems, methods and devices for providing ozone treatment of multiple medical devices including passageways. In particular the systems, methods and devices may attach to multiple medical devices and clean, disinfect and/or sterilize the inner space of the tubes, including the areas most prone for bacteria buildup. A multi-channel ozone treatment device has an ozone operating system and a distribution line that splits into a plurality of distribution channels to distribute ozone to a plurality of ozone ports in a gas-tight compartment. A multi-port connector unit for connecting to a plurality of passageways in the gas-tight compartment is further disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a micro-reactor for synthesizing a molecule, for example, compound, a nanoparticle, or a quantum dot. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus comprises a processor, a storage unit, a reaction unit, a detector, and a collector, in which the storage unit and the reaction unit are independently controlled by the process. Optionally, the present micro-reactor further comprises a diagnostic device for performing a diagnostic test on a biological sample by use of the molecule. Also disclosed wherein are methods of diagnosing and treating a disease in a subject with the aid of the present micro-reactor.

Abstract: A process for the production of a fractionated product is disclosed, comprising providing a solid hydrocarbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 500 ?m in diameter. The solid hydrocarbonaceous material is combined with an unrefined liquid hydrocarbonaceous material, such as crude oil, in order to create a combined solid-liquid blend; and the combined solid-liquid blend is subjected to fractionation in order to generate one or more fractionation products. Typically the solid hydrocarbonaceous material comprises coal, optionally the coal is ultrafine coal, and suitably the coal is comprised of microfine coal. The coal may be dewatered and deashed prior to combination with unrefined liquid hydrocarbonaceous material. Compositions and products of the process are further provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a plasma processing apparatus comprises providing a chamber, the chamber including a wall defining an interior, and a viewport extending through the wall. An analysis apparatus connected to the viewport may be formed. The analysis apparatus includes an analyzer adjacent to the chamber, a probe connected to the analyzer and aligned with the viewport, and a first window aligned with the probe, the first window having a first surface, and a second surface at an opposite side relative to the first surface, the second surface being exposed to the interior of the chamber, and the second surface of the first window has a scattering surface.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a system and method creating secure data in a gas and oil supply chain. The system creates secure data related to oil and gas assets while traversing an oil and gas supply chain. At least one repository system(s), which collects secure data generated by capturing information using a secure observer device, sends the secure data to a gateway which is a part of a global management system or an integrity management system to create clustered events. The disclosure also relates to a system and method for managing and controlling data between entities in an oil and gas asset supply chain, and in particular to an excise tax management system and method to identify and reconcile tax filings, production volumes and operational reports.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for irradiating a fluid containing a material to be irradiated, comprising at least one irradiation chamber having at least one inlet port and outlet port, at least one fluid cooling chamber having at least one inlet port and outlet port, one or more UV radiation sources coupled to the irradiation chamber(s); and at least one heat exchange mechanism thermally coupled to the radiation source(s) and the cooling chamber(s). At least a portion of the interior surface of the cooling chamber(s) may comprise at least a portion of the exterior surface of the irradiation chamber(s) so the cooling chamber(s) is in fluid communication with the irradiation chamber(s).

Abstract: The present invention relate to a reactor comprising: (i) a first reagent release mechanism, (ii) a second reagent release mechanism, and (iii) a reaction area fluid pathway, wherein the reaction area fluid pathway comprises a pathway extension valve, wherein adjusting the pathway extension valve varies the length of the reaction area fluid pathway, and wherein the pathway extension valve comprises a single valve.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating gas from a sample (battery) by pyrolysis of the sample in order to collect or analyze gas generated inside the sample due to the thermal behaviors of the sample. More specifically, provided is an apparatus wherein not only gas generated due to the thermal behaviors of a sample (battery) can be generated by heating the sample (battery itself), but also a series of processes provided to collect or analyze the generated gas can be automatically controlled.

Abstract: A fixed-bed multi-tubular reactor for producing an alkenyl acetate by a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a lower olefin, acetic acid and oxygen including a plurality of reaction tubes, a thermometer protection tube inserted into at least one of the plurality of reaction tubes, a thermometer inserted into the thermometer protection tube, and a shield disposed above the reaction tube into which the thermometer protection tube is inserted and attached to the thermometer protection tube, wherein an effective projection region of the shield entirely covers the inlet opening of the reaction tube into which the thermometer protection tube is inserted.

Abstract: Systems and methods for synthesizing chemical products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, are provided. Certain of the systems and methods described herein are capable of manufacturing multiple chemical products without the need to fluidically connect or disconnect unit operations when switching from one making chemical product to making another chemical product.

Abstract: A method for quantitatively and indirectly measuring non-fluorine anti-soil chemistry in carpet applications, is based on a known amount of FI trace to be added along with anti-soil chemistry in formulation prior to application to a carpet surface. The anti-soil chemistry with the trace amount of FI is then applied to the carpet through a topical foam or spray applicator during a precoating process. After completion of the precoat process, a carpet sample is collected, carpet face fiber is shaved, and FI is extracted using water. The extracted water solution is used to measure the fluorescence intensity (in counts per second or “CPS”) using a Fluorimeter.

Abstract: An endoscope connecting tube includes a liquid feeding index including: an exterior; an exposure hole provided on the exterior; and a flow path; and a movable member that is brought into a convex warp state toward a surface direction of the exterior when an inner pressure of a flow path reaches a predetermined value or higher, and remains in the convex warp state even when the inner pressure of the flow path reaches less than the predetermined value; and a marker that projects from the exposure hole by the movable member being brought into the convex warp state; a releasing portion that releases the convex warp state of the movable member by causing the marker to slide and push the movable member; and an insertion path into which the releasing portion is inserted.

Abstract: Systems are disclosed which include processor-executable program instructions for receiving data regarding characteristics of an area or a room and determining, based on the received data, operating parameter/s for one or more disinfection sources to disinfect the area/room. The data may include data regarding non-physical characteristics and/or physical characteristics of the area/room. In some embodiments, data regarding a quantity and/or type of at least a subset of the plurality of disinfection sources for disinfecting the room may also be considered for determining the operating parameter/s. In addition or alternatively, the data may be in relation to multiple disinfection sources in the area/room. In any case, a system is also disclosed which facilities power redirection among multiple disinfection sources upon detecting a given area has received a predetermined dose of ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a real-time method for detecting copper and silver in water in parts per billion. Total silver is detected by adding a 2% nitric acid solution to the sample; after ten minutes, adding a buffer solution comprising water, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and EDTA to the sample; adding an indicator comprising Cadion 2B, EtOH, and Triton X-100 to the sample; after one minute, reading the absorbance of the sample using a spectrophotometer with a target peak of 515 nm; and determining the silver concentration by comparing the absorbance of the sample to the absorbances of known silver standards.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing high humidity ozone gas. Systems and methods for applying high humidity ozone gas to foodstuffs and/or other products as an antimicrobial treatment. Compressed air and dry ozone gas are combined, thereby providing a dry mix. A portion of the dry mix can be humidified in a humidifying chamber, thereby providing a wet mix. The wet mix can be combined with a portion of the dry mix, thereby providing humid ozonated air. The humid ozonated air can be applied to foodstuffs such as produce, as an antimicrobial treatment, as the foodstuffs are conveyed.

Abstract: The sample measuring apparatus includes a suction unit that includes a nozzle and a drive unit that raises and lowers the nozzle, and suctions a first liquid and a second liquid that is different from the first liquid; a liquid surface detecting unit that detects liquid surfaces of the first liquid and the second liquid; a control unit that controls the suction unit, and a measuring unit that measures a measurement sample prepared from the suctioned first liquid; wherein the control unit controls the suction unit to suction the first liquid and the second liquid based on the respective liquid surface detection result of the first liquid and the second liquid detected while lowering the nozzle, and a second speed at which the nozzle descends when detecting the liquid surface of the second liquid is faster than a first speed at which the nozzle descends when detecting the liquid surface of the first liquid.

Abstract: An exhaust gas sampling system includes a main conveying line, a main throughput pump which conveys a sample gas in the main conveying line, a first Venturi nozzle, a second Venturi nozzle, a first control valve, and a second control valve. The first Venturi nozzle and the second Venturi nozzle are connected in parallel and are arranged in the main conveying line upstream of the main throughput pump. The first Venturi nozzle is assigned the first control valve. The second Venturi nozzle is assigned the second control valve. Each of the first control valve and the second control valve are provided as a pinch valve. Each pinch valve has a flexible, hose-like control element and a pressure chamber which is filled with a fluid and which is arranged to surround the flexible, hose-like control element.

Abstract: A data processing device configured to create, based on a plurality of spectra each obtained from each of a plurality of specimens containing a predetermined component at known concentrations different from one another, a calibration curve showing a relationship between a concentration of the component in the specimen and an area of a peak corresponding to the component of a spectrum of the specimen, where each of the plurality of spectra has a peak top at a position depending on a component contained in a specimen. The device includes a display unit and a peak range setting unit configured to allow an operator to set both end positions of a peak or a position of a baseline corresponding to the component included in the displayed spectrum.

Abstract: A method for computer-aided processing of state messages in an automation installation, wherein state messages are generated by components and detected with their generation points in time, where causative states present at the generation point of the state message or beforehand in other components are determined for a multiplicity of state messages of a respective component and the current state in the generated state message, where the propagation time between occurrence of the respective causative state and the generation point of the state message is calculated for each causative state, where groups are formed from the causative states, where in a respective group all causative states have at least the common feature that they were determined for the same current state in the respective component, and where at least one statistical parameter is determined from the propagation times which belong to the causative states of the same group and stored.

Abstract: A control cabinet arrangement for an exhaust gas measurement device. The control cabinet arrangement includes a first control cabinet which delimits a first interior space and a second control cabinet which delimits a second interior space. A first heat-generating component of the exhaust emission measurement device is arranged in the first interior space. A second component of the exhaust emission measurement device is arranged in the second interior space. At least one fluidic connection connects the first interior space and the second interior space. The second component is heatable by an air flow flowing between the first interior space and the second interior space.

Abstract: A temperature-controlling measure for a hydrogenation slurry bed reactor has three control points that are set from low to high: cold hydrogen is injected automatically when the system reaches control point 1; cold oil in injected automatically when the system reaches control point 2; each pressure relief is opened automatically when the system reaches control point 3. The pressure relief point is set before and/or after the circulation pump of the reactor if internal circulation is set in the reactor; the pressure relief point is set at the reactor bottom if the internal circulation is not set; at least one pressure relief valve is set at each pressure relief point.

Abstract: A system and method in which, upon receipt of an analysis initiation instruction and regardless of the necessity of any changes in operation at the time of the analysis initiation, an integrated controller of a system control unit notifies other units of analysis initiation and changes the luminescent color of a state indication LED to blue, which is common to each unit. In a liquid supply unit that receives a notification of the analysis initiation, a local controller changes the device status to “RUN” and changes the luminescent color of a state indication LED to blue. This is also applies to other units. Upon completion of the analysis, the integrated controller notifies each unit of the analysis completion and changes the display color of the state indication LED to green. Each unit also changes the display color of the state indication LED to green.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for irradiating a fluid containing a material to be irradiated, comprising at least one irradiation chamber having at least one inlet port and outlet port, at least one fluid cooling chamber having at least one inlet port and outlet port, one or more UV radiation sources coupled to the irradiation chamber(s); and at least one heat exchange mechanism thermally coupled to the radiation source(s) and the cooling chamber(s). At least a portion of the interior surface of the cooling chamber(s) may comprise at least a portion of the exterior surface of the irradiation chamber(s) so the cooling chamber(s) is in fluid communication with the irradiation chamber(s).

Abstract: Post-processing corrections can be applied to operational numerical model forecasts of weather variables to reduce forecast model errors. The post-processing technique is based on an analog post-processing correction scheme. In the analog scheme, the system searches for previous model forecasts that are similar to the current forecast, and modifies the current forecast based on errors in such previous predictions. An “abnormal (or abnormal) index” can be generated for each analog as a function of several meteorology variables (i.e., humidity, pressure and temperature) and two experience coefficients. The abnormal index can be used to exclude some errors. Furthermore, dynamic weights based on the “abnormal index” can be applied to the errors. Using the “abnormal index” weights in a post-processing technique may generate a more accurate air quality forecast.

Abstract: A valve control system that includes a gain controller for controlling the linear response of a valve. The system includes a linearization control system coupled to the gain controller to determine a gain value to control the linear response time of the valve and a set point filter coupled to the linearization control system to filter a set point value. The linearization control system determines the gain value from the filtered set point value, at least one real-time fluid parameter value, valve model data, an actuator gain, and a valve model gain.

Abstract: A solution for cleaning and/or sterilizing one or more surfaces in a bathroom is provided. The sterilization can be performed using ultraviolet sources, which can emit ultraviolet radiation directed onto the surface(s). The cleaning can be performed using a fluid, such as water, that is flowed over the surface(s). The surface(s) can include at least a seat of a toilet and/or other surfaces associated with the toilet.

Abstract: System and methods for detecting NH3 slip using cross-sensitivity of an NOx sensor may include accessing a temperature value for a catalyst and determining the temperature value for the catalyst exceeds a predetermined value. If the temperature exceeds the predetermined value, a system-out NOx measurement signal from the system-out NOx sensor and an estimated system-out NOx value are used to calculate a delta value. A flag is set indicative of NH3 slip for an exhaust system responsive to an average of delta values for a predetermined period of time exceeding a predetermined value. If the temperature does not exceed the predetermined value, then an average of a plurality of system-out NOx measurement signals can be calculated and a flag is set indicative of NH3 slip responsive to the calculated average for a predetermined period of time exceeding a predetermined value.

Abstract: Methods for in-situ and real-time chamber condition monitoring is provided. For example, in one embodiment, for each wafer in a chamber, a frequency and wavelength of the free radicals in the chamber is monitored in-situ. The frequency and wavelength of the free radicals are associated with at least one selected chemical. The associated free radicals are compared to an index. The index includes a target range for each chemical in the at least one selected chemical.

Abstract: A microfluidic device includes a sample inlet for a fluid sample, a degassing chamber having a gas-permeable membrane and defining first and second portions separated by the gas permeable membrane, and a detection chamber. The sample inlet and the detection chamber are fluidly coupled to the first and second portions, respectively of the degassing chamber. The detection chamber is operably coupled to a light source and a detector. Assessing a concentration of chlorine gas in an aqueous sample includes providing an aqueous sample to a microfluidic device, separating gas from the aqueous sample in the microfluidic device, providing the gas to a detector, assessing the absorbance of the gas sample at a known absorption wavelength of chlorine, and based on the assessed absorbance of the gas sample at the known absorption wavelength of chlorine, assessing a concentration of chlorine gas in the aqueous sample.

Abstract: A device to produce personalized mixtures of substances is configured to be controlled by computer program code running on a user terminal. The computer program code enables a user of the user terminal to create and personalize the formulas for optimizing the beverage according to the specific needs of the user and order the beverages from a remote location.

Abstract: An apparatus for sampling landfill gas from a landfill flowing through a pipe. The apparatus may comprise: an enclosure configured to receive a section of the pipe; a gas sampling port in the section of the pipe; at least one sensor device disposed in a region of the enclosure, the at least one sensor being coupled to the section of the pipe through the gas sampling port; and thermal insulation positioned to retain heat from the section of the pipe in the region of the enclosure. A method of operating a landfill gas recovery system. The method may comprise: flowing gas from a well riser pipe through a sampling subsystem to a collection system; and heating a portion of the sampling subsystem with the gas flowing from the well riser pipe to the collection system.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for automating laboratory protocols utilizing cooperative efforts between differing components including fluidics, agitation and thermal control for processing a wide variety of disparate laboratory protocols are provided. In one aspect, a sample processing module is provided, including a housing configured to accommodate a pre-identified sample process, a temperature input capable of interfacing with a temperature controller, a fluid input capable of interfacing with an input fluid controller, a fluid output capable of interfacing with an output fluid controller, and a standardized agitation connector capable of interfacing with an agitator. A control system interfaces with the temperature input, fluid input, fluid output, and agitation connector to enable the system to perform laboratory protocols that require complex, sequential fluidic steps in association with the temperature and agitation control.

Abstract: Ammonia-adding apparatus and methods for ammonia-based desulfurization use multi-stage control, calculate a theoretical amount of ammonia based on gas amounts provided by an inlet continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) and an outlet CEMS of the ammonia-based desulfurization device or associated gas amounts, a SO2 concentration provided by the inlet CEMS, and a predetermined SO2 concentration of the outlet CEMS. The apparatus and methods calculate a corrected theoretical amount of ammonia using half of the ratio of the actual amount of added ammonia to the actual amount of removed sulfur dioxide as a correction coefficient for the theoretical amount of ammonia; add an ammonia absorbent equivalent to the corrected theoretical amount of ammonia to the ammonia-based desulfurization device through an ammonia metering means and an ammonia control valve, and automatically control the actual ammonia flow rate based on the actual SO2 concentration and a change trend provided by the outlet CEMS.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a controllable contaminant-extraction system configured to, at least in part, extract an extractable contaminant from a contaminant plume positioned in the soil via an extraction conduit extending in the contaminant plume. A control assembly is configured to control operation of the controllable contaminant-extraction system in such a way that the controllable contaminant-extraction system extracts the extractable contaminant via the extraction conduit by randomly changing, at least in part, a flow rate of the extractable contaminant that is extracted from the contaminant plume.

Abstract: Ammonia-adding apparatus and methods for ammonia-based desulfurization use multi-stage control, calculate a theoretical amount of ammonia based on gas amounts provided by an inlet continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) and an outlet CEMS of the ammonia-based desulfurization device or associated gas amounts, a SO2 concentration provided by the inlet CEMS, and a predetermined SO2 concentration of the outlet CEMS. The apparatus and methods calculate a corrected theoretical amount of ammonia using half of the ratio of the actual amount of added ammonia to the actual amount of removed sulfur dioxide as a correction coefficient for the theoretical amount of ammonia; add an ammonia absorbent equivalent to the corrected theoretical amount of ammonia to the ammonia-based desulfurization device through an ammonia metering means and an ammonia control valve, and automatically control the actual ammonia flow rate based on the actual SO2 concentration and a change trend provided by the outlet CEMS.

Abstract: A flue ozone distributor applied in a low-temperature oxidation denitrification technology and an arrangement manner thereof is disclosed. The flue ozone distributor comprises a distribution main pipe, multiple distribution branch pipes, Venturi distributors and delta wings. The distribution branch pipes are led out from the distribution main pipe as parallel branches. The Venturi distributors are arranged with an equal space on the distribution branch pipes. The delta wings are arranged on one diffusion segment side of the Venturi distributors. The flue ozone distributor is arranged in the flue. The technology is used in the field of denitrification for flue gas of an industrial boiler/kiln by a low-temperature ozone oxidation method. The ozone-injecting direction is consistent with a flow direction of the flue gas. A soot deposit congestion problem does not exist. A turbulent flow behavior of the flue gas and ozone is strengthened. The oxidation efficiency is improved.