Abstract: A system and method of converting natural gases to liquids is provided. The system includes a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) system with natural gas, air and steam input, a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) system taking syngas from the CPO system, and supplying product gases to a power engine (PE), after separation of the product liquids. An F-T steam output line is in fluid communication with the CPO-steam input line. The energy output from the PE is supplied to the compressors and condensers, to provide self-sustainability in energy, for the gas-to-liquid separation system.

Abstract: A liquid/gas reactor includes a bulk catalyst bed and means for supplying fresh feed and recycled at least partially converted liquid product stream to the bulk catalyst bed. The reactor also includes means for collecting an at least partially converted liquid product stream from the bulk catalyst bed and recycling at least a portion thereto. A minor catalyst bed extends substantially vertically through the bulk catalyst bed. Means for supplying recycled at least partially converted product stream only to the minor catalyst bed is also provided. A separating wall is disposed between the bulk catalyst bed and the minor catalyst bed.

Abstract: A system for the production of conversion products from synthesis gas, the system including a mixing apparatus configured for mixing steam with at least one carbonaceous material to produce a reformer feedstock; a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the reformer feedstock; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product and to separate from the synthesis gas conversion product a tailgas comprising at least one gas selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane; and one or more recycle lines fluidly connecting the synthesis gas conversion apparatus with the mixing apparatus, the reformer, or both.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for capturing a carbonous gas and using the captured carbonous gas for cooling purposes. For example, a system may include a carbon capture system configured to collect a carbonous gas from a syngas, and a cooling system having a gas expander and a coolant circuit that receive the carbonous gas. The gas expander is configured to expand the carbonous gas to reduce a temperature of the carbonous gas to produce a reduced temperature carbonous gas, and the coolant circuit is configured to utilize the reduced temperature carbonous gas to cool at least one solvent of at least one gas purifier.

Abstract: Method of producing hydrogen from methanol comprising providing a feed mixture of methanol and water at high pressure, delivering the feed mixture to a reactor chamber (5) equipped with an internal heat exchanger, wherein said feed mixture is heated by heat exchange with an outgoing reformed mixture from the reactor chamber, and wherein said outgoing reformed mixture is simultaneously cooled by said feed mixture.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is disclosed for hydroprocessing hydrocarbon feed in a hydroprocessing unit and hydrotreating a second hydrocarbon. A warm separator sends vaporous hydrotreating effluent to be flashed with liquid hydroprocessing effluent to produce a vapor flash overhead that can be recycled to the hydrotreating unit to provide hydrogen requirements.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a method and system for improving the conversion of carbon-containing feed stocks to renewable fuels, and more particularly to a thermal chemical conversion of biomass to renewable fuels and other useful chemical compounds, including gasoline and diesel, via a unique combination of unique processes. More particularly, this combination of processes includes (a) a selective pyrolysis of biomass, which produces volatile hydrocarbons and a biochar; (b) the volatile hydrocarbons are upgraded in a novel catalytic process to renewable fuels, (c) the biochar is gasified at low pressure with recycled residual gases from the catalytic process to produce synthesis gas, (d) the synthesis gas is converted to dimethyl ether in a novel catalytic process, and (e) the dimethyl ether is recycled to the selective pyrolysis process.

Abstract: An apparatus (2) includes a neutralization tank (3), a pump (4), a heat exchanger (6), a line mixer (8), a polymerizer (10), a first pipe (12), a second pipe (14), a third pipe (16), a fourth pipe (18), and a fifth pipe (20). Continuously supplied into the neutralization tank (3) are a monomer aqueous solution and a basic aqueous solution, so as to prepare a mixture solution. The mixture solution is circulated through the first pipe (12), the pump (4), the second pipe (14), the heat exchanger (6), and the third pipe (16). The mixture solution is supplied to the polymerizer through the fourth pipe (18).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbon components, comprising: providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds; subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a hydroprocessing catalyst to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components. The invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the process. The invention further relates to a use of the hydrocarbon components produced by the process as a fuel or as an additive in fuel compositions. The invention also relates to a use of a NiW catalyst on a support selected from Al2O3, zeolite, zeolite-Al2O3, and Al2O3—SiO2 for producing fuel or an additive for fuel compositions from a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds.

Abstract: Organopolysiloxanes with consistent product properties are prepared while minimizing alcohol usage in the hydrolysis of chlorosilanes by use of a vertical continuous loop reactor having a heating unit on an ascending side of the loop which is regulated such that the temperature of the reactant mixture is within ±5° C. of a set value.

Abstract: Provided is an oxygen generating apparatus. The oxygen generating apparatus includes a hydrogen peroxide generator configured to generate hydrogen peroxide; an oxygen generator configured to generate oxygen using the hydrogen peroxide generated in the hydrogen peroxide generator; a first pipe configured to transfer the hydrogen peroxide generated in the hydrogen peroxide generator into the oxygen generator; and a second pipe configured to transfer water generated in the oxygen generator into the hydrogen peroxide generator.

Abstract: A process for producing metal oxide from metal salts includes cleaning a metal salt in a filter. After cleaning, the metal salt is dried in a drying apparatus. Steam is formed in the drying apparatus. The metal salt is preheated in at least one preheating stage. The metal salt is calcined to metal oxide in a fluidized-bed reactor. The metal oxide is cooled. The steam formed in the drying apparatus is recirculated into the filter.

Abstract: A reactor system for the transformation of solid, liquid, gaseous, and related hydrocarbon feedstocks into high-purity, high-pressure gas streams capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures. The system comprises a plurality of reactor housings and a plurality of molten-metal bath vessels within the housings, the bath vessels in fluid communication with each other via conduits, with communication facilitated by gravity and temperature/pressure differentials.

Abstract: Systems of capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide, comprising a carbon capture assembly including a mixing vessel, a reaction vessel, and a solvent regeneration assembly fluidly connected to the reaction vessel. The solvent regeneration assembly comprises at least one heat exchanger, a cryogenic drying vessel fluidly connected to the heat exchanger, and a hot distillation vessel fluidly connected to the cryogenic drying vessel. An alkali is mixed with a substantially non-aqueous solvent to form a suspension in the mixing vessel. The reaction vessel is fluidly connected to the mixing vessel such that the reaction vessel receives the suspension of alkali and solvent from the mixing vessel through a first input, receives flue gas containing carbon dioxide through a second input and receives water through a third input such that carbonic acid, carbonate, water and heat are formed in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system can include a reaction zone operating at conditions to facilitate olefin production and including at least one riser. The at least one riser can receive a first feed having a boiling point of about 180-about 800° C., and a second feed having more than about 70%, by weight, of one or more C4+ olefins.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for the isomerization of a non-equilibrium alkylaromatic feed mixture. The process can include contacting the non-equilibrium alkylaromatic feed mixture in a C8 isomerization zone. The C8 isomerization zone may include a first isomerization stage and a second isomerization stage. At the first isomerization stage, at least a portion of the non-equilibrium alkylaromatic feed mixture can be contacted at a first isomerization condition in a liquid phase in the substantial absence of hydrogen to obtain an intermediate stream. At the second isomerization stage, at least part of the intermediate stream and at least a part of a stream rich in at least one naphthene can be contacted at a second isomerization condition to obtain a concentration of at least one alkylaromatic isomer that is higher than a concentration of that at least one alkylaromatic isomer in the non-equilibrium feed mixture.

Abstract: Provided is an extracting and separating device which includes: an ash reactor 12 for preparing a solution having a temperature of about 60° C. by using incineration ash containing sodium, potassium, and chlorine; a cooling crystallizer 16 for reducing the temperature of the solution to 30° C. to produce and separate potassium chloride; an absorption tower 11 for reacting the solution with carbon dioxide-containing gas to produce and separate sodium hydrogen carbonate; and a circulation path 13 for returning to the ash reactor 12 a liquid obtained after the production and separation of the potassium chloride in the cooling crystallizer 16 and the sodium hydrogen carbonate in the absorption tower 11.

Abstract: Processing schemes and arrangements are provided for obtaining ethylene and ethane via the catalytic cracking of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and converting the ethylene into ethyl benzene without separating the ethane from the feed stream. The disclosed processing schemes and arrangements advantageously eliminate any separation of ethylene from ethane produced by a FCC process prior to using the combined ethylene/ethane stream as a feed for an ethyl benzene process. Further, heat from the alkylation reactor is used for one of the strippers of the FCC process and at least one bottoms stream from alkylation process is used as an absorption solvent in the FCC process.

Abstract: A process for heat treatment of fine-grained mineral solids includes passing fine-grained mineral solids through a flash reactor so as to contact the fine-grained mineral solids with hot gases in the flash reactor at a temperature of 450 to 1500° C. so as to obtain hot solids. The hot solids arc passed through a residence time reactor at a temperature of 500 to 890° C. The hot solids are withdrawn from the residence time reactor after a residence time of 1 to 600 minutes. A waste gas of the residence time reactor is recirculated to at least one of the flash reactor and a preheating stage.

Abstract: A system comprising a riser reactor comprising a gas oil feedstock and a first catalyst under catalytic cracking conditions to yield a riser reactor product comprising a cracked gas oil product and a first used catalyst, a intermediate reactor comprising at least a portion of the cracked gas oil product and a second catalyst under high severity conditions to yield a cracked gasoline product and a second used catalyst, and a recycle conduit to send at least a portion of the cracked gas oil product to the riser reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and a reactor for the preparation of an alkylene glycol from an alkylene oxide. Alkylene oxide, water, a homogeneous carboxylation catalyst and a homogenous hydrolysis catalyst are supplied to a reactor comprising a carboxylation zone and a hydrolysis zone. One or more ejectors are used to mix carbon dioxide and the liquid reagents in the carboxylation zone so that alkylene oxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the presence of water in the carboxylation zone to form a reaction solution comprising alkylene carbonate, water, the homogeneous carboxylation catalyst and the homogeneous hydrolysis catalyst. The reaction solution is supplied from the carboxylation zone to a hydrolysis zone, wherein alkylene carbonate and water react to form a product solution comprising alkylene glycol, the homogeneous carboxylation catalyst and the homogeneous hydrolysis catalyst.