Abstract: A low NOx burner is configured to support a combustion reaction at a selected fuel mixture by anchoring a flame at a conductive flame anchor responsive to current flow between charges carried by the flame and the conductive flame anchor.

Abstract: A system includes a channel having a first end configured to be fluidly coupled to a first portion of a conduit of a drilling system or a production system to enable fluid to flow from the conduit into the channel and a second end configured to be fluidly coupled to a second portion of the conduit to enable return of the fluid from the channel into the conduit. The system also includes at least one sensor positioned along the channel and configured to generate a signal indicative of a characteristic of the fluid as the fluid flows through the channel. The system further includes a pump positioned along the channel and configured to adjust a flow rate of the fluid through the channel.

Abstract: A gas detector includes environmental condition detection circuitry that includes one or more sensors, data processing circuitry, and wireless communication circuitry. The gas detector is configured to be carried by a user. The environmental condition detection circuitry detects the presence or lack of presence of a particular gas in a vicinity of the gas detector and further detects a temperature in the vicinity of the gas detector and communicates detection data to the data processing circuitry. In response to detection of a hazardous temperature condition, the data processing circuitry of the gas detector provides an alert notification to the user carrying the gas detector. Also disclosed is an alert system including multiple gas detectors in which a first gas detector communicates an alert to a second gas detector via wireless communication, and in response, the second gas detector transmits the alert to another gas detector or device via wireless communication.

Abstract: An alert system and method includes at least first and second detectors that each includes environmental condition detection circuitry, data processing circuitry, and wireless communication circuitry. The first and second detectors are respectively carried by first and second users. The first and second detectors detect environmental conditions in a vicinity of the respective detectors and communicate detection data to the respective data processing circuitry. In response to detection of a hazardous environmental condition by the first detector, the first detector provides an alert notification to the first user and communicates the alert to the second detector via wireless communication, and in response to receipt of an alert from the first detector, the second detector transmits the alert to another detector or device via wireless communication. A communicated or transmitted alert may include an incrementing indicator of a number of hops or levels of transmission of the alert.

Abstract: A measuring device is provided for determining the type and/or concentration a gaseous analyte from a set of analytes in a gaseous carrier. It comprises a housing having a passage to a cavity. A gas sensor with a heated metal-oxide sensing layer is arranged in the cavity. In order to gain a better understanding of the type of the analyte, diffusion effects are exploited by taking into account that the diffusion process through the passage as well as the catalytic reaction rate at the metal-oxide sensing layer depend on the type of the analyte. These material parameters can be determined by taking several measurements in a non-steady state of the concentration of the analyte within the cavity or while varying the reaction rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-temperature sensor comprising contact wires in a metal tube, preferably a bent metal tube for arrangement especially inside the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine, and spacer bodies distributed in rows along the contact wires so as to maintain the contact wires at a predetermined distance to the inner wall of the metal tube. According to the invention, every spacer body is approximately ovoid, the diameter of the center portion of the egg being not wider than the inside width of the as yet unbent metal tube. The spacer bodies are injection-molded polymer ceramic parts molded onto the contact wires.

Abstract: Provided is a gas sensor that needs no temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of a heater for preventing dew condensation. The gas sensor comprises a hydrogen sensor 1 including: an element housing 13 having a detection chamber 13a to which hydrogen is introduced; a detection element 31 arranged in the detection chamber 13a and detecting hydrogen; a heater 21 for heating the detection chamber 13a by heat generation via passing an electric current through the heater 21, a resistance value of the heater 21 being changed corresponding to a temperature of the detection chamber 13a; and a microcomputer 51 and a heater operation circuit 52 for controlling the heater 21. Herein, the microcomputer 51 controls a temperature of the detection chamber 13a by adjusting the electric current passing through the heater 21 based on the resistance value of the heater 21.

Abstract: A combustible gas sensor includes at least a first sensing element comprising a first conductive element having, for example, an average diameter less than 20 ?m in electrical connection with electronic circuitry. The combustible gas sensor further includes a first support element having a first anchored end, a second anchored end and an extending intermediate section between the first anchored end and the second anchored end, the extending intermediate section providing support for the first conductive element. Another combustible gas sensor includes a first sensing element and a second sensing element. The first sensing element includes a first catalyst support member having a volume less than a sphere having a diameter of 500 ?m. The second sensing element includes a second catalyst support member having a volume less than a sphere having a diameter of 500 ?m.

Abstract: A combustible gas sensor includes at least a first sensing element comprising a first conductive element having, for example, an average diameter less than 20 ?m in electrical connection with electronic circuitry. The combustible gas sensor further includes a first support element having a first anchored end, a second anchored end and an extending intermediate section between the first anchored end and the second anchored end, the extending intermediate section providing support for the first conductive element. Another combustible gas sensor includes a first sensing element and a second sensing element. The first sensing element includes a first catalyst support member having a volume less than a sphere having a diameter of 500 ?m. The second sensing element includes a second catalyst support member having a volume less than a sphere having a diameter of 500 ?m.

Abstract: A process combustion transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes a process probe extendible into a flow of process combustion exhaust. The process probe has a measurement cell with an operating temperature that is above a flashpoint of process combustion fuel. The process probe includes a heater configured to heat the measurement cell to the operating temperature. Electronic circuitry is coupled to the measurement cell and to the heater. The electronic circuitry is configured to disengage power to the heater once process combustion heat is sufficient to maintain the measurement cell at the operating temperature and thereafter to maintain the heater in a de-energized state.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a gas at a heatable element for a lambda probe includes reading a value of a heating power available to the heatable element for maintaining a predetermined temperature of the heatable element, and determining a gas composition of the gas at the heatable element using the value of the heating power.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing a gas sample for analysis includes a separation unit configured to separate the gas sample into one or more component samples. A thermal conductivity detector detects the output of the one or more component sample from the separation unit. At least one component sample is collected in a component sample collection unit having a sample collector.

Abstract: A gas-sensing element configured to measure a concentration of a specific component of a gas is mounted to a first circuit board which includes a driving circuit configured to drive the gas-sensing element. A moisture-proof material is disposed over at least one side of the first circuit board disposed in a tubular gas-sensing element case fixed to a sensor case. A gas-sensing chamber is defined by the first circuit board and an inner tubular surface of the gas-sensing element case, and opens at an open end of the gas-sensing element case to receive the gas to be monitored. A second circuit board which includes a control circuit configured to control the gas-sensing element via the driving circuit is fixed to a sensor case, and disposed in a position separate from the gas-sensing chamber such that the second circuit board is kept out of contact with the gas to be monitored.

Abstract: A water separator for continuous separation of water, air and particles includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, an upper chamber connected with a lower chamber, and a three-way valve located in an air connection pipe being adapted to establish a connection between the upper and lower chambers in a first position and closing the connection to the upper chamber and allowing atmospheric air to enter into the lower chamber in a second position. The upper chamber includes a coarse filter capturing particles from the liquid flow to the lower chamber. The water separator includes a main tank and a safety tank, which are connected through a connection pipe from the upper chamber in the main tank to the safety tank and through the air connection pipe from the lower chamber in the main tank to the safety tank. The inlet pipe is through the lid of the main tank.

Abstract: Methane gas in a ruminant exhalation may be oxidized to reduce the amount of methane gas output by the ruminant.

Abstract: A gas sensor for detecting combustible gases is provided with a catalytic sensor element. The catalytic sensor element is arranged in a housing (1) surrounding the catalytic sensor element on all sides. The housing has a gas-permeable inlet opening. The gas sensor has electric lines, which are in connection with the sensor element and have terminals located outside of the housing (1). The housing has a gas-permeable inlet opening (2) and a gas-permeable outlet opening (3) and a flow channel (4) connecting the gas-permeable inlet opening (2) and the gas-permeable outlet opening (3).

Abstract: A gas sensor is provided. The substrate of the gas sensor has a first surface, a second surface and a cavity. The cavity has an opening at the first surface. An insulating film is disposed on the first surface and covers the opening. A heating unit is embedded in the insulating film and located above the opening. An electrode pair is disposed on the insulating film and electrically separated from the heating unit. A buffer layer is disposed on the insulating film and located above the heating unit. The buffer layer is electrically connected to the electrode pair, and at least part of an orthogonal projection of the buffer layer on the first surface is located on the substrate next to the opening. The gas sensing layer is disposed on the buffer layer and has a nano-catalyst therein.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a substrate having a low thermal conductivity. Localized heating can be produced using a serpentined heater carried by the substrate. The low thermal conductivity of the substrate substantially confines the generated heat to a region local to the heater thereby reducing required power to operate the sensor. Multiple sensing elements can be deposited onto the substrate adjacent to respective heaters and relatively close together because of the thermal isolation provided by the substrate. In one embodiment, the sensor can include the ceramic substrate, the heater, catalytic material overlying the heater with a gas impermeable layer overlying, at least in part the catalytic material.

Abstract: An assembly and method for gas analysis. The assembly comprises a catalyst compartment for catalytically reacting a component of a gas sample, producing one or more gas species as products. A product compartment receives the gas species, and a sensing element within the compartment senses the amount of one or more of the gas species. This amount is compared to the amount of the same gas species present in a reference compartment containing a non-catalyzed gas sample, providing the amount of the gas species produced by catalysis. Using this value, the content of the gas component in the gas sample is calculated based upon the stoichiometry of the catalyzed reaction. In preferred embodiments, the gas for analysis is a process gas for fuel production, and the catalyst is a high temperature shift catalyst that catalyzes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The catalytic combustion type gas sensor includes a sensing element, a heat conducting layer of which includes boron nitride. The boron nitride content is from 30 wt % to 100 wt % of a material (such as alumina) that would be a base material having the highest proportion in a conventional heat conducting layer without boron nitride. A catalyst layer of the sensing element also includes boron nitride. The boron nitride content is from 10 wt % to 80 wt % of a material (such as tin oxide) that would be a base material having the highest proportion in a conventional catalyst layer without boron nitride.

Abstract: A device for sensing a gas comprises a plastics housing (106, 107) moulded in situ around at least one portion of a conducting lead frame (100), the housing defining an enclosure (113) and being provided with means for enabling gas flow into the enclosure. A gas sensitive element (114) within the enclosure (113) is mounted to the conducting lead frame (100). The conducting lead frame (100) comprises connection leads which are accessible through, and at least partially encapsulated by, the wall of the housing.

Abstract: A microfabricated TID comprises a microhotplate and a thermionic source disposed on the microhotplate. The microfabricated TID can provide high sensitivity and selectivity to nitrogen- and phosphorous-containing compounds and other compounds containing electronegative function groups. The microfabricated TID can be microfabricated with semiconductor-based materials. The microfabricated TID can be combined with a microfabricated separation column and used in microanalytical system for the rapid on-site detection of pesticides, chemical warfare agents, explosives, pharmaceuticals, and other organic compounds that contain nitrogen or phosphorus.

Abstract: A gas detection apparatus A comprises a signal processing circuit 20, a Wheatstone bridge circuit 21, integrating circuits 22 and 23, a differential amplification circuit 24, a direct current power supply circuit 25, a heater voltage application circuit 26. The Wheatstone bridge circuit 21 is configured of parallel combination of series circuits: one composed of a catalytic combustion type gas sensor 1 and a load resistor R1, and the other composed of a resistor R2, a variable resistor VR1 and a resistor R3. The heater voltage application circuit 26 is configured to generate a pulsed heater voltage by switching a direct current voltage of the direct current power supply circuit 25 through a transistor TR1 for applying the pulsed heater voltage to the Wheatstone bridge circuit 21. The integrating circuit 22 integrates a voltage at a connection point between the gas sensor 1 and the load resistor R1.

Abstract: A circuit with at least one catalytic measuring element (1), in which the at least one catalytic measuring element (1) is connected to a supply voltage (5) without a protective resistor and without a thermal safety device arranged upstream. The circuit makes it possible to develop gas-measuring devices with catalytic measuring elements that are characterized by an especially low power consumption.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor device and method for a motor vehicle having an electrode within an outer shell for measuring oxygen in exhaust gas exiting the vehicle. A communication device, powered by a capacitor, wirelessly transmits the measured amount of oxygen from the electrode to a powertrain control module. Vibration transmitting from the motor vehicle shakes a magnet, wound inside a coil, for generating the electrical current used by the capacitor.

Abstract: A gas sensor which includes walls delimiting a gas detection chamber, and having an introduction port (or an inlet) through which an observed gas is introduced into the gas detection chamber, a measuring element disposed in the gas detection chamber and measuring concentration of a subject gas contained in the observed gas, and a heater constituting at least a portion of the walls, the portion facing the gas detection chamber.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a substrate having a low thermal conductivity. Localized heating can be produced using a serpentined heater carried by the substrate. The low thermal conductivity of the substrate substantially confines the generated heat to a region local to the heater thereby reducing required power to operate the sensor. Multiple sensing elements can be deposited onto the substrate adjacent to respective heaters and relatively close together because of the thermal isolation provided by the substrate. In one embodiment, the sensor can include the ceramic substrate, the heater, catalytic material overlying the heater with a gas impermeable layer overlying, at least in part the catalytic material.

Abstract: A gas sensor including: a gas detection element; a metal shell extending in an axial direction; and a metal cylinder extending in an axial direction, wherein a leading end portion of the metal cylinder surrounds a base end portion of the metal shell and is fixed to the metal shell via a circumferential welded portion. The metal shell includes: Fe in an amount equal to or more than 50.0 mass %; C in an amount of 0.02 mass % to 0.15 mass %; Cr in an amount of 11.5 mass % to 18.0 mass %; and Nb in an amount equal to or more than twice amount of C in mass %.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting and differentiating chemical analytes includes a microscale body having a first end and a second end and a surface between the ends for adsorbing a chemical analyte. The surface includes at least one conductive heating track for heating the chemical analyte and also a conductive response track, which is electrically isolated from the heating track, for producing a thermal response signal from the chemical analyte. The heating track is electrically connected with a voltage source and the response track is electrically connected with a signal recorder. The microscale body is restrained at the first end and the second end and is substantially isolated from its surroundings therebetween, thus having a bridge configuration.

Abstract: A chemical agent detector with a a lesser demand sensor, a greater demand sensor, an inlet; and a manifold; and methods associated therewith. The manifold is positioned between the inlet and the sensors, and includes a first intake associated with the lesser demand sensor, a second intake associated with a greater demand sensor, and at least one restrictor. The first intake is placed closer to the inlet than the second intake, and the second intake is isolated from the inlet by at least one restrictor within the manifold. The intakes and restrictor are sized and positioned such that the ratio between: the conductance of the path from the inlet to the greater demand sensor to the conductance of the path between the sensors effectively isolates the lesser demand sensor from the effects of the greater demand sensor.

Abstract: A low power consumption catalytic gas sensor includes three beads. A trigger bead, which is smaller than either a sensing on a compensating bead can be monitored for the presence of a combustible gas. Where gas has been sensed, the sensing and compensating beads can be energized to establish a gas concentration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for the detection of hydrogen in a gas volume by means of an exothermal catalytic recombination of hydrogen and oxygen present in the gas volume into water. The amount of energy that is released during such an exothermal catalytic recombination is measured in the form of a temperature difference and is compared with a stored limit value. When a corresponding limit value is exceeded an appropriate signal is output.

Abstract: The present invention provides a combustible gas sensor that can realize a considerable improvement in the measurement sensitivity and the measurement precision by increasing the contact area between the measurement object gas and the oxidation catalyst particles, increasing the amount of heat generation of oxidation reaction in accordance therewith, and improving the transference of the oxidation reaction heat, while reducing the scale of the whole.

Abstract: An assembly and method for gas analysis. The assembly comprises a catalyst compartment for catalytically reacting a component of a gas sample, producing one or more gas species as products. A product compartment receives the gas species, and a sensing element within the compartment senses the amount of one or more of the gas species. This amount is compared to the amount of the same gas species present in a reference compartment containing a non-catalyzed gas sample, providing the amount of the gas species produced by catalysis. Using this value, the content of the gas component in the gas sample is calculated based upon the stoichiometry of the catalyzed reaction. In preferred embodiments, the gas for analysis is a process gas for fuel production, and the catalyst is a high temperature shift catalyst that catalyzes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An assembly and method for gas analysis. The assembly comprises a catalyst compartment for catalytically reacting a component of a gas sample, producing one or more gas species as products. A product compartment receives the gas species, and a sensing element within the compartment senses the amount of one or more of the gas species. This amount is compared to the amount of the same gas species present in a reference compartment containing a non-catalyzed gas sample, providing the amount of the gas species produced by catalysis. Using this value, the content of the gas component in the gas sample is calculated based upon the stoichiometry of the catalyzed reaction. In preferred embodiments, the gas for analysis is a process gas for fuel production, and the catalyst is a high temperature shift catalyst that catalyzes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Detecting air ingredients is obtained, a heater and gas sensitive acting layers are arranged on a substrate, which are connectable to an analyzing unit. Electrical resistances of n acting layers are connected in series; heater is a temperature sensor connected in parallel with this series connection, electrical resistance of heater is smaller than the sum of electrical resistances of acting layers and resistances are connected with a total of n+1 electrical terminals via electrodes so that heater is connected with two terminals and n?1 other terminals are connected with a respective junction that interconnects two acting layers. Heater is intermittently heated so that a predefined constant temperature of acting layers is achieved, temperature of acting layers is acquired by determining electrical resistance of heater; voltages in the series connection of acting layers are analyzed and a concentration of gases are determined from electrical resistances of acting layers.

Abstract: An analyte detector is disclosed. The analyte detector includes a substrate having a surface, a self-assembled monolayer comprising a plurality of molecules bonded to the surface, the molecules having a structure (I) defined herein, and a liquid crystal layer having a plurality of liquid crystal molecules aligned on a top surface of the self-assembled monolayer. The liquid crystal molecule includes a diol moiety that interacts with the molecule having a structure (I). Methods of detecting an analyte are also disclosed.

Abstract: A vapor analysis system comprising a vapor analyzer capable of collecting and analyzing a vapor sample for detection of a compound that may be contained within the vapor sample. A controller is coupled to the vapor analyzer. The controller is programmed to produce an indicator signal indicative of a relative concentration of the compound detected by the vapor analyzer within the vapor sample. A sample probe includes a housing containing a vapor channel through which the vapor sample is collected, and a vapor cable couples the sample probe to the vapor analyzer to allow collection and channeling of the vapor sample to the vapor analyzer. A multi-dimensional user indicator is disposed on the housing of the sample probe receives and operates in response to the indicator signal to indicate the relative concentration of the compound detected within the vapor sample for presentation via a multi-directional stimulus to a user of the vapor analysis system.

Abstract: An installation structure for a gas sensor capable of detecting gas concentration in a highly accurate manner is provided. The installation structure for a gas sensor which detects concentration of gas circulating inside an outlet-side piping comprises a through hole 18 in an inner wall of the outlet-side piping and the gas sensor comprises a gas inlet portion with one face open within the outlet-side piping 14, and the gas sensor is installed to the outlet-side piping in a condition where the gas inlet portion does not protrude from the inner wall of outlet-side piping.

Abstract: A contact combustion-type gas sensor that can maintain its initial sensitivity over a long period of time in the presence of silicon vapor, wherein an induction portion 5 of a gas detecting element 1 contains not less than 30 percent by weight of an oxidation catalyst, and is aged in advance in an environment that contains silicon vapor serving as a poisoning substance.

Abstract: A hydrogen sensor 25 has a fitting base plate 29 in which a gas-sensing chamber 34 is formed, a specimen gas intake 35 formed on said fitting base plate 29, opening toward an exit passage 24 and introducing hydrogen gas into the gas-sensing chamber 34, a gas-sensing element 39 held in the gas-sensing chamber 34 and adapted to sense hydrogen gas, and a water-repelling filter 44 covering the specimen gas intake 35.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for the detection of hydrogen in a gas volume by means of an exothermal catalytic recombination of hydrogen and oxygen present in the gas volume into water. The amount of energy that is released during such an exothermal catalytic recombination is measured in the form of a temperature difference and is compared with a stored limit value. When a corresponding limit value is exceeded an appropriate signal is output.

Abstract: In order to provide a step capable of reliably detecting a CO concentration in a reformed gas at low cost and a hydrogen purifier capable of fully exerting a function of a CO purifying catalyst, a gas concentration detector comprising a reaction chamber which has a catalyst layer and a gas temperature detector and capable of detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas by means of a signal of the temperature detector referring to a reformed gas passing along through the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a sensor is provided. The method includes disposing a sacrificial layer on a substrate, disposing a low-thermal-conductivity layer on the sacrificial layer, and disposing a first set of conductive arms and a second set of conductive arms on the low-thermal-conductivity layer to form a plurality of thermal junctions. The plurality of thermal junctions is adapted to form a plurality of hot junctions and a plurality of cold junctions when subjected to a difference in temperature. The method also includes removing the sacrificial layer and a portion of the low-thermal-conductivity layer to form a cavity therein. The cavity is configured to provide insulation for the plurality of hot junctions. A thermopile sensor is also provided, and a calorimetric gas sensor implementing the thermopile sensor is provided.

Abstract: New sensors and methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple gaseous substances simultaneously with both high selectivity and high sensitivity are provided. The new sensors rely on a characteristic difference in energy between the interaction of a particular substance with a catalyst coated heat transfer device (HTD) and a non-catalyst coated (or one coated with a different catalyst) reference HTD. Molecular detection is achieved by an exothermic or endothermic chemical or physical reaction between the catalytic surface of the sensor and the molecule, tending to induce a temperature change of the sensor. Both high temperature and non-destructive low temperature detection are possible. The magnitude and rate of endothermic or exothermic heat transfer from a specific molecule-catalyst interaction is related to molecular concentration.

Abstract: A method of determining bias in a measurement of a constituent concentration level in a sample gas is provided. The method comprises establishing a sample gas flow from an emission stream into a sample gas line of an emissions monitoring system. The method further comprises removing water from the sample gas flow and cooling the sample gas flow to a temperature below about 41° F. to produce a cooled, dried sample gas flow. The constituent concentration level is then determined for the cooled, dried sample gas flow. The method further comprises introducing a span gas having a known span gas constituent concentration level into the sample gas flow to form a combined sample and span gas flow, the span gas being introduced at a desired span gas flow rate. The method still further comprises removing water from the combined sample and span gas and cooling the combined sample and span gas to a temperature below about 41° F. to produce a cooled, dried, combined sample and span gas flow.

Abstract: A chemiresistor sensor system that compensates for changes in resistance caused by changes in ambient temperature, thereby increasing the accuracy of the sensor system's ability to detect target analytes. The sensor system generally includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a load regulator or switch that is sensitive to changes in ambient temperature. At least one of the first resistor and the second resistor is a sensing element having a resistance that changes in response to the presence of one or more of the analytes. The switch manages an electrical load across the first resistor and the second resistor. The switch prevents passage of the electrical load across the first and/or second resistor when the ambient temperature is at a first value. The switch permits passage of the electrical load across the first and/or second resistor when the ambient temperature is at a second value.

Abstract: A device and method for quantifying an impurity in an input gas stream. The device and method employ a catalyst to convert the impurity to a detectable species in an output gas stream, and the concentration of the detectable species is then measured by means of a detector.

Abstract: Provided is a gas molecule sensor, characterized in that the sensing element is a polycrystalline tin oxide film having a thickness less than 1 ?m. The sensing element is produced by electrolytic deposit of a tin film on an insulating support in an electromechanical cell, where the anode is comprised of tin and the cathode is a conductive film applied on the surface of the insulating support at one of its ends, the two electrodes being separated by an electrolyte comprised of a tin salt solution, and by passing a constant current through said cell. The deposit step is followed by an oxidizing step.

Abstract: A powder filler is stuffed in a filler space defined between a housing and a gas sensing element so as to airtightly seal a clearance between the housing and the gas sensing element. The powder filler contains grains whose diameter is in a range from 80 ?m to 5,000 ?m when measured before being stuffed into the filler space. A weight percentage of the grains having the diameter of 80 ?m to 5,000 ?m is equal to or larger than 80% with respect to an overall weight of the powder filler.