Abstract: A particulate sodium bicarbonate product with an excellent flowability characterized by an angle of repose less than 30 degrees. An angle of repose of less than 27.5 is particularly good. The product is preferably in the form of ovoid or spherical particles, in that the particles have a mean axial ratio of at least 0.5. In some embodiments, the sodium bicarbonate product has a smooth particle surface in which less than 75% of the particle surface is covered with spikes. The particles may have a mean diameter D50 of at least 75 microns but less than 300 microns. The particulate sodium bicarbonate product comprises inorganic and organic impurities embedded in its polycrystalline structure, for example at least 75 ppm TOC; or at least 30 ppm Ca; or from 1 to 18 ppm Mg; or more than 0.6 g/kg NaCl; and/or from 100 to less than 500 ppm Si. A process for manufacturing such product, and its use for the treatment of pollutants in gases such as removal of acid gas.

Abstract: A method for treating a purge stream derived from a sodium carbonate, sesquicarbonate, wegsheiderite, or bicarbonate crystallizer, said purge stream comprising sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate and at least 1% by weight of sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate, the method comprising: causticizing at least 50 mol.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions, methods, and systems for a material containing metastable carbonate and stabilizer. Methods for making the compositions and using the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a kiln for the combustion of agricultural waste. The kiln includes a central cylindrical combustion chamber. The central cylindrical combustion chamber includes a system for the control of combustion air to the combustion chamber. The kiln includes a second concentric cylinder surrounding the central cylindrical combustion chamber. The second concentric cylinder includes a system for the flow of cooling water through the first annulus between the central cylindrical combustion chamber and the second concentric cylinder. The kiln includes a system for the feeding of the agricultural waste into the central combustion chamber. The kiln includes a temperature sensing device to measure and display the temperature within the central combustion chamber during the combustion of the agricultural waste. The kiln includes a system for the recovery of ash from the kiln. In operation, the temperature of combustion is controlled to between 550° C. and 650° C.

Abstract: A process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate out of trona, comprising: introducing and dissolving crushed trona ore in a leaching tank containing a solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, saturated in sodium bicarbonate, in order to produce solid particles suspended in a production solution comprising sodium carbonate, the solid particles containing insoluble impurities and at least 65% in weight of sodium bicarbonate; separating the solid particles from the production solution containing sodium carbonate; drying and valorizing the separated solid particles; taking at least part of the production solution containing sodium carbonate out of the leaching tank in order to constitute a produced solution which is valorized; and introducing water in the leaching tank.

Abstract: A method for removing impurities from a waste solid to provide at least a portion of a suitable crystallizer feed to a process for making crystalline sodium carbonate, bicarbonate, and/or other derivatives. The method comprises: contacting the waste solid with a leach solution to dissolve at least one impurity and dissolving the resulting leached residue. Leaching may include heap percolation. The leach solution may comprise a crystallizer purge liquor, a process waste effluent, a mine water, or mixtures thereof. The method may further comprise adding a magnesium compound to the resulting leached residue during or after its dissolution to remove another impurity. The waste solid preferably comprises a pond solid containing such impurities. The pond solid may be recovered from a pond receiving crystallizer purge liquor(s) and/or other process waste effluent(s). The pond solid may contain sodium carbonate, any hydrate thereof, sodium bicarbonate, and/or sodium sesquicarbonate.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: A preparation method of lithium carbonate, in recovering valuable resources of a lithium-ion battery, reducing impurities from lithium carbonate, having a pretreatment process, comprising: a first step cleaning an organic phase containing nickel and lithium prepared by a solvent extraction by use of a sulfuric acid solution containing nickel and enriching lithium in the cleaning solution; a second step extracting a residual nickel only by an organic solvent from a post-cleaning solution in which the lithium is enriched; and a third step controlling pH of the post-extraction solution containing the lithium by ammonia water or lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the production of low sodium lithium carbonate and lithium chloride from a brine concentrated to about 6.0 wt % lithium are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for direct recovery of technical grade lithium chloride from the concentrated brine are also disclosed.

Abstract: Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate out of trona, comprising introducing and dissolving crushed trona ore is introduced and dissolved in a leaching tank containing a solution comprising sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, saturated in sodium bicarbonate, in order to produce solid particles suspended in a production solution comprising sodium carbonate, the solid particles containing insoluble impurities and at least 65% in weight of sodium bicarbonate; separating the solid particles from the production solution containing sodium carbonate; drying and valorizing the separated solid particles; taking at least part of the production solution containing sodium carbonate out of the leaching tank in order to constitute a produced solution which is valorized; and introducing water in the leaching tank.

Abstract: The invention pertains to removing soluble alkali metal or ammonium salt of a divalent anion from brine comprising following steps: obtaining brine with NaCl-concentration between 150g/L and saturation in the presence or absense of a cyrstal growth inhibitor for NaCl(GCI-NaCl),or with NaCl concentration above saturation in the presence of a CGI-NaCl, said brine optionally comprising a crystal growth inhibitor for the alkali metal or ammonium salt of the divalent anion(CGI-DA); if necessary, acidify the solution to pH<11.5; if the concentration of CGI-DA is less than 20 mg/L, adding CGI-DA to obtain at least 20 mg CGI-DA/L; subjecting the solution to a membrane filtration; if the concentration of CGI-DA in the concentration from the separation is less than 20 mg/L, adding CGI-DA to obtain at least 20 mg CGI-DA/L; crystalling the concentration; removing the crystallized alkali metal or ammonium salt of the divalent anion.

Abstract: Hydraulic cement compositions that include a carbonate compound composition, e.g., a salt-water derived carbonate compound composition containing crystalline and/or amorphous carbonate compounds, are provided. Also provided are methods of making and using the hydraulic cements, as well as settable compositions, such as concretes and mortars, prepared therefrom. The cements and compositions produced therefrom find use in a variety of applications, including use in a variety of building materials and building applications.

Abstract: Sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles, which comprise sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles having an average particle size of from 50 to 500 ?m based on the mass, and anhydrous sodium carbonate, and sodium carbonate monohydrate and/or Wegscheider's salt, present on the surface of the sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles in such amounts that the total content of anhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate monohydrate, Wegscheider's salt and sodium sesquicarbonate in the sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles is from 0.04 to 1 mass % as calculated as anhydrous sodium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate accounts for at least 40 mass % of the total content, and sodium carbonate monohydrate and/or Wegscheider's salt accounts for from 5 to 60 mass % of the total content. Sodium hydrogencarbonate crystal particles having a low caking property, which are useful in the field of food products, pharmaceuticals, bath additives, etc.

Abstract: Metal carbonates that are insoluble in water but that have a corresponding metal biocarbonate salt that is more than 75% by weight soluble in water are purified by preparing an aqueous slurry of the metal carbonate: introducing carbon dioxide gas to form a corresponding metal biocarbonate solution and heating that solution to form a purified metal carbonate and precipitate it.

Abstract: A continuous process for directly preparing high purity lithium carbonate from lithium containing brines by preparing a brine containing about 6.0 wt % lithium and further containing other ions naturally occurring in brines; adding mother liquor containing carbonate to precipitate magnesium; adding a solution of CaO and sodium carbonate to remove calcium and any residual magnesium; precipitating lithium carbonate from the purified brine by adding soda ash solution; filtering to obtain solid lithium carbonate; preparing an aqueous slurry of the lithium carbonate and introducing carbon dioxide gas at a temperature from at least minus 10 to +40° C.; passing the lithium bicarbonate solution through a filter to clarify the solution; introducing said filtered lithium bicarbonate solution into a reactor and adjusting the temperature of the solution to from 60–100° C. to precipitate ultra-pure lithium carbonate.

Abstract: Methods of making zirconium basic carbonate are further described which involve titrating an aqueous slurry of sodium zirconium carbonate to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 4.0 with an acidic agent wherein the sodium zirconium carbonate has a moisture content of from about 15% to about 25% LOD in solid form. The process further involves washing the aqueous slurry containing the formed zirconium basic carbonate with water. A novel zirconium basic carbonate is further disclosed which has a minimum adsorption capacity of from about 30 to about 35 mg/PO4-P/gm SCZ; a minimum HCO3- content of from about 2 to about 4 mEq HCO3-gm/SCZ; a leachable Na+ content of from about 1.5 to about 2.0 mEq Na+/gm SCZ; and/or a pH range of titrated sodium zirconium carbonate of from about 6 to about 7.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production, by fluid-bed spray granulation, of granular sodium percarbonate having a low TAM value. According to the invention, in the fluid-bed spray granulation, an Mg compound in a quantity of 50 to 2,000 ppm, in particular 100 to 1,000 ppm, or/and a complexing agent from among the hydroxycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, aminophosphonic acids and phosphonocarboxylic acids, hydroxyphosphonic acids and their alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or Mg salts, in a quantity of 50 to 2,000 ppm, in particular 200 to 1,000 ppm, are added as stabilisers to the soda solution and/or H2O2 solution. Preferably a combination of an Mg compound in a quantity of 100 to 1,000 ppm Mg2+ and waterglass in a quantity of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, in particular 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %, is used, and in this case granules having a TAM value of about or below 6 ?W/g and simultaneously a short dissolving time, are obtainable.

Abstract: This invention discloses improvements on previous inventions for catalytic conversion of coal and steam to methane. The disclosed improvements permit conversion of petroleum residua or heavy crude petroleum to methane and carbon dioxide such that nearly all of the heating value of the converted hydrocarbons is recovered as heating value of the product methane. The liquid feed is distributed over a fluidized solid particulate catalyst containing alkali metal and carbon as petroleum coke at elevated temperature and pressure from the lower stage and transported to the upper stage of a two-stage reactor. Particulate solids containing carbon and alkali metal are circulated between the two stages. Superheated steam and recycled hydrogen and carbon monoxide are fed to the lower stage, fluidizing the particulate solids and gasifying some of the carbon. The gas phase from the lower stage passes through the upper stage, completing the reaction of the gas phase.

Abstract: A process of recovering metals from waste lithium ion/Ni—H/Ni—Cd batteries, wherein the waste batteries are calcined and sieved to generate an ash containing metals and metal oxides. The process includes subjecting the ash to a first dissolution etching treatment, a first filtration treatment to obtain a filtrate containing Cd ions which are crystallized as cadmium sulfate, a second dissolution etching treatment for the filtered solid, and a second filtration treatment to obtain a second filtrate. Fe+3, Al+3 and rare earth metal ions in the second filtrate are precipitated as hydroxides by adding a base to the second filtrate. The remaining solution was extracted and counter-extracted to obtain aqueous solutions of Co and Ni ions, which were subjected separately to a electrolysis to deposit Co and Ni metals. Li ions in the residue solution from the electrolysis of Ni was precipitated as carbonate by adding a soluble carbonate salt.

Abstract: Mesoporous metal carbonate structures are formed by providing a solution containing a non-ionic surfactant and a calcium acetate salt, adding sufficient base to react with the acidic byproducts to be formed by the addition of carbon dioxide, and adding carbon dioxide, thereby forming a mesoporous metal carbonate structure containing the metal from said metal salt.

Abstract: A process of recovering metals from waste lithium ion batteries, wherein the waste batteries are calcined and sieved to generate an ash containing metals and metal oxides. The invented process includes subjecting the ash to a dissolution etching treatment, and a filtration treatment, and separately using a membrane electrolysis method to separate out metal copper and cobalt, wherein the acid generated on the cathode side in the electrolysis process can be recovered through a diffusion dialysis treatment. After electrolysis, the solution rich in lithium ion, after precipitating the metal impurities by adjusting the pH value, can be added with a carbonate ion to form a lithium carbonate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for formulating food grade sodium bicarbonate by purification of a sodium bicarbonate liquor where an initial saturated feedstock of sodium bicarbonate which contains sodium sulfate as an impurity is filtered to remove the impurities and a first filtrate liquor formed. The filtrate liquor is then subjected to ion exchange with a cationic resin to reduce the calcium and magnesium ion concentration present in the filtrate liquor with subsequent cooling of the liquor. The cooled liquor is also treated with a source of ammonia or ammonium ions to shift the solubility of the compounds to retain sodium sulfate in solution while precipitating sodium bicarbonate with reduced sulfate occlusions. The precipitated sodium bicarbonate is then filtered to result in a food grade sodium bicarbonate product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium nickel-layered rock salt-type oxide particle powder, a lithium cobalt-layered rock salt-type oxide particle powder or a particle powder of a solid solution of these layered rock salt-type oxides, wherein the surface of the particle is rendered hydrophobic by coating it with a coupling agent having both a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group. The layered rock salt-type oxide particle powder is free of an adverse effect caused by adsorbed water because of less amount of water adsorbed on the surface of the particle powder, high in electrochemical charging and discharging capacities, low in cycle deterioration, so that it is especially useful as a positive electrode active material in a lithium battery.

Abstract: Lithium carbonate can be efficiently produced from a brine by (i) removing the boron therefrom, (ii) diluting the boron-free brine, (iii) removing magnesium from the diluted brine, and (iv) adding sodium carbonate to thereby precipitate lithium carbonate. By diluting the boron-free brine, the co-precipitation of lithium carbonate during the magnesium removal process is greatly reduced, thereby improving the recovery and purity of the lithium carbonate.

Abstract: Sodium and borate ions are separated in supercritical water by addition of dissolved CO.sub.2 to cause precipitation of carbonates and the formation of boric acid. Carbonates and boric acid are then recovered as separate products.

Abstract: A process for recovering alkali values from trona ore by partially dissolving trona in a first dissolving solution to form a first feed liquor and undissolved trona. The first feed liquor is cooled and sodium carbonate decahydrate is precipitated. The sodium carbonate decahydrate is recovered from the resultant first mother liquor that is returned as the first dissolving solution. The undissolved trona is further dissolved in a second dissolving solution to form a second feed liquor. The second feed liquor is preferably carbonated to convert sodium carbonate into sodium bicarbonate, and cooled to precipitate sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate is recovered from the resultant second mother liquor that is returned as the second dissolving solution.

Abstract: A process for destroying alkali metal and alkaline earth metal-containing wastes, such as sodium, by feeding such waste into a molten bath containing a molten salt such as sodium carbonate, or a mixture of salts having a lower melting point, such as a mixture of sodium carbonate and an alkali metal halide, e.g. sodium chloride, or mixtures of alkali metal chlorides, feeding a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen into the molten salt bath and reacting the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as sodium in the waste with the carbon dioxide and oxygen to form alkali metal carbonate, e.g. sodium carbonate, in the molten salt bath.

Abstract: In a purification process for brine, impurities such as calcium, magnesium and/or sulphate are precipitated by the addition of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH).sub.2) and sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3). Following NaCl crystallization by evaporation of the brine, a mother liquor is obtained which still contains among others sulphate, potassium and bromide ions. Further concentration of this mother liquor by evaporation results in the precipitation of both NaCl and Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and a more strongly concentrated mother liquor with respect to both potassium and bromide remains. This concentrated mother liquor is drained off. Either the precipitated NaCl and Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 are dissolved in water or the Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 is dissolved in purified brine or crude brine and then returned to the brine purification process, thereby lowering both the potassium and bromide ion levels in the purified brine. As a consequence the contents of both potassium and bromide of the NaCl are reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing sodium hydroxide comprising the steps of: (a contacting trona ore and sodium hydroxide under conditions suitable to form sodium carbonate; (b) removing essentially all solids larger than 32 mesh from the sodium carbonate product of step (a); (c) contacting the sodium carbonate product of step (b) and calcium hydroxide in the presence of a suitable amount of seed crystal calcium carbonate with crystal size in the range of about 1 to about 10 microns, and under conditions suitable to form aqueous sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate crystals with crystal size in the range of about 30 to about 50 microns; and (d) recovering aqueous NaOH from the reaction product of step (c). The seed crystals may be introduced from an external source, or made insitu in the lime slaker by the addition of a small amount of sodium carbonate into the lime slaker.

Abstract: The present invention adds carbonates or chlorides of alkaline earth metals to the radioactive wastes containing sodium sulfate and subjects sulfate group in the radioactive wastes to reduction treatment, thereby converts the sulfate group into sulfides of alkaline earth metals which are chemically stable substances while suppressing SOx generation, and solidifies the radioactive wastes stably for an extended period of time by applying to the converted radioactive wastes solidifying treatment.

Abstract: Sodium bicarbonate is produced by introducing solid sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and/or Wegscheider's salt into a reversion slurry, saturated with respect to bicarbonate and containing at least 10 wt. % solids, to effect rapid and complete conversion of the feed solids to crystalline sodium bicarbonate which is recovered from the slurry. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the reversion liquor to maintain its composition at a relatively constant value, preferably in a region of the Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 --NaHCO.sub.3 --H.sub.2 O phase diagram that minimizes the equilibrium partial pressure of CO.sub.2 vapor above such liquor.

Abstract: A process for the purification of spent liquor from an alumina precipitation stage is disclosed wherein the spent liquor is first contacted with 50 volume % or less ethanol to form a sodium oxalate precipitate and the, after removal of the sodium oxalate precipitate is contacted with over 50 volume % of ethanol extraction fluid to separate the mixture into a first layer comprising the ethanol and at least a portion of the caustic from the spent liquor and a second layer which comprises the remainder of the spent liquor. The spent liquor may then be subjected to a further precipitation to recover further alumina. The spent liquor remaining may be further treated in subsequent extraction steps to concentrate and dispose of undesirable impurities remaining.

Abstract: This invention is related to a process for the secondary obtention of sodium carbonate from a waste liquor (known as FLP waste liquor) containing principally sodium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and carbon dioxide, which is obtained in the filtering section within the solvay process for the primary obtention of sodium carbonate, by adding a compound or a mixture of compounds sodium ions to the FLP waste liquor in the presence of carbon dioxide, in order to precipitate sodium bicarbonate therefrom, and treating the precipitation and sodium bicarbonate to obtain the secondary production of sodium carbonate.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, spent liquor from an alumina precipitation stage is contacted with an extraction fluid to separate the mixture into a first layer comprising the extraction fluid and at least a portion of the caustic from the spent liquor and a second layer which comprises the remainder of the spent liquor. The spent liquor may then be subjected to a further precipitation to recover further alumina. The spent liquor remaining may be further treated in subsequent extraction steps to concentrate and dispose of undesirable impurities remaining.

Abstract: A process for reducing calcium ion concentration in alkaline alkali metal chloride brines containing an alkali metal hydroxide is disclosed. The process comprises admixing an alkali metal bicarbonate with the alkaline brines to form an insoluble calcium salt, removing the insoluble calcium salt from the brine, and recovering a purified alkali metal chloride brine having reduced calcium ion concentration.The process produces alkali metal chloride brines suitable for use in electrolytic diaphragm cells while substantially reducing the amount of acid required to neutralize the brines.

Abstract: A process for reacting potassium carbonate with the sulfur in an MHD gas to form potassium sulfate and for recovering the potassium carbonate for recycle as a seeding material for the MHD gas.

Abstract: In a process for purifying raw brine containing dissolved strontium, calcium and magnesium impurities wherein the raw brine is treated by contacting the brine with sodium carbonate for precipitation of strontium and calcium carbonate, contacting the brine containing the strontium and calcium carbonate solids with sodium hydroxide for precipitation of magnesium hydroxide, and removing strontium carbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide solids from the sodium chloride brine, the improvement which comprises passing at least a portion of said removed solids to the zone wherein the raw brine is contacted with sodium carbonate.

Abstract: A process is provided for the recovery of chemicals, such as chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and borates of such alkali metals as sodium and potassium, among others, from underground brines associated with an ore body containing said chemicals, wherein the underground brine is pumped to the surface and confined over said ore body where it is concentrated by solar evaporation and the concentrated brine returned to an underground basin adjacent said ore body and stored for later removal by pumping for the subsequent recovery of chemicals therefrom. Thus, solar evaporation is used to produce the desired concentration of brine to optimize the subsequent recovery of chemicals therefrom, thereby resulting in substantial savings in overall energy costs.

Abstract: A subterranean salt deposit is solution mined, and the resulting calcium- and sulfate-contaminated brine is treated, e.g., by soda ash, to precipitate insoluble calcium compounds. The resulting slurry is settled, and the effluent clear brine is evaporated in a series of solar ponds to produce high-grade sodium chloride.The brine becomes progressively more concentrated with respect to sodium sulfate as it moves through the solar ponds. The sulfate-enriched brine may be recycled to the solution mine, evaporated to form a sulfate-contaminated sodium chloride crystal crop, or it may be subjected to winter cooling to remove sulfate values as Glauber's salt, the residual brine being recycled to the solar ponds or the solution mine.

Abstract: Contacting rock salt containing at least one member of the group consisting of anhydrite and calcium sulfate as an impurity with an aqueous sodium chloride solution initially containing from about 200 to about 300 g/l of sodium chloride and having a calcium ion concentration of 0.01 to 0.5 g/l and a sulfate ion concentration of 0.1 to 15 g/l, the multiplication product of said calcium ion concentration and said sulfate ion concentration having a maximum value of 2, and discontinuing said contact after the sodium chloride brine has formed.

Abstract: Soda values from the crystallizer mother liquor purge in the process of making sodium carbonate from trona are recovered by (1) mixing the purge with treating agent of magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, bauxite, certain fine particle size calcined trona, insoluble impurities obtained in the trona-soda ash process, or mixtures thereof, (2) evaporating the resulting mixture to dryness and calcining it to insolubilize soluble silicates and to reduce contamination with carbonaceous impurities, and (3) leaching the calcined mixture with water or aqueous sodium carbonate solution.

Abstract: In the process for making sodium carbonate from trona, the soluble silicate content of crystallizer mother liquor from which sodium carbonate precursor crystals are obtained by evaporative crystallization is reduced by digesting the mother liquor at elevated temperature in the presence of certain activated insolubles, followed by separating the insolubles from the digested mother liquor. These activated insolubles are obtained by calcining crushed trona, dissolving the calcined trona in an aqueous medium to obtain a solution of sodium carbonate containing insolubles, separating the insolubles and activating them by calcination at elevated temperature.

Abstract: Soda values from the crystallizer purge liquor from the process of making sodium carbonate from trona are recovered by cooling the purge liquor to temperature below about 32.degree. C. to effect crystallization of sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals therefrom, and recovering the decahydrate crystals. Optionally, the decahydrate crystals may be heated to convert them to sodium carbonate monohydrate crystals. Sensible heat of the crystallizer purge liquor and/or sensible heat and latent heat of vaporization of the sodium carbonate process crystallizer vapors may be recovered by using it to heat the sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals to convert them to sodium carbonate monohydrate crystals.

Abstract: Process for the fabrication of boric acid by carboammoniac attack of a borate mineral, involving subjecting a borosodium ore, in its natural state or previously refined, and in a finely ground condition, to a treatment in an aqueous medium with carbonic anhydride and ammonia in a manner to precipitate sodium bicarbonate which is separated. The remaining mother liquor is cooled to obtain crystals of ammonium borate which are separated, redissolved, the obtained solution being decomposed by thermal means in order to form ammonia which is recycled to the ore treatment and a boric acid solution from which the acid is separated by crystallization. This process permits obtaining two valuable products: NaHCO.sub.3 and H.sub.3 BO.sub.3. When the ore is preliminarily refined, more effective utilization can be made of the ammonia.

Abstract: Method for recovering potassium hydroxide and zinc oxide from potassium zincate solutions, characterized in that a selective solvent of potassium hydroxide, which is miscible with water, is added to the zincate solution, in that the zinc oxide precipitate thus obtained is filtered and in that the mother liquors for separating the potassium hydroxide solution from the solvent are treated. The invention applies to all electrochemical storage cell batteries having a zinc negative electrode in which it is required to purify the electrolyte with a view to scavenging it.

Abstract: A process is provided for the recovery of chemicals, such as chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and borates of such alkali metals as sodium and potassium, among others, from underground brines associated with an ore body containing said chemicals, wherein the underground brine is pumped to the surface and confined over said ore body where it is concentrated by solar evaporation and the concentrated brine returned to an underground basin adjacent said ore body and stored for later removal by pumping for the subsequent recovery of chemicals therefrom. Thus, solar evaporation is used to produce the desired concentration of brine to optimize the subsequent recovery of chemicals therefrom, thereby resulting in substantial savings in overall energy costs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the treatment of the reaction mass produced during the joint elimination of barium-containing nitrite-/nitrate-bearing carburizing salt wastes and cyanide-/cyanate-bearing wastes by ignition of the dry mixture at elevated temperatures, comprising suspending the reaction mass in water and eitherA. neutralizing the alkaline suspension obtained with concentrated nitric acid to a pH value of 6, the feed velocity of the acid and conditions of agitation being so selected that the pH value of the suspension will at no time fall below pH 6, and separating the barium carbonate, orB. freeing the alkaline suspension obtained from barium carbonate, and neutralizing the filtrate with concentrated nitric acid to a pH value of 7.2, the feed velocity of the acid and conditions of agitation being so selected that the pH value of the suspension will at no time fall below pH 7.