Abstract: Ozone is catalytically removed from air at room temperatures. Air containing ozone in dilute concentrations is contacted with a catalyst formed of a; palladium (II) salt such as palladium (II) chloride, a copper (II) slat such as copper (II) chloride and copper (II) sulfate, and a nickel (II) salt such as nickel (II) chloride, on an alumina substrate, at a temperature in the range of -20.degree. C. to 85.degree. C. The catalyst is formed by making a paste of particulate alumina and a palladium (II) halide containing impregnating solution and then drying the paste and activating the catalyst by heating.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogen from a gas which also contains oxygen, which process comprises contacting the said gas at ambient temperature with a catalyst comprising a carrier of tin oxide and alumina impregnated with from 0.25 to 2.5% by weight of platinum and from 0.25 to 2.5% by weight of palladium.

Abstract: There are disclosed manganese compounds of the formulaMn.sup.II LX.sub.2 (Q).sub.n (I)wherein L is a monodentate ligand of the formulaPR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 (II)whereinR.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl or hydrogen providing that no more than two of the R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 groups are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups and that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl group,X is a species capable of existing as an anion, e.g., Cl, Br,Q is a solvento molecule capable of forming a chemical bond to the manganese, andn is 1, 2, or 3 solvent donor atoms.The manganese compounds are useful in the separation of a gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, an alkene, and carbon monoxide from fluids containing these gases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for selectively removing and recovering the noble gas and other gaseous components typically emitted during nuclear process operations. The method is adaptable and useful for treating dissolver off-gas effluents released during reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels whereby to permit radioactive contaminant recovery prior to releasing the remaining off-gases to the atmosphere. Briefly, the method sequentially comprises treating the off-gas stream to preliminarily remove NO.sub.

Abstract: The specification describes a process and apparatus for pumping and removal of unwanted gases by effecting a chemical reaction between the gases and a highly reactive substance which is in the form of aerosol particles, to form a non-volatile, solid reaction product. In one embodiment of the invention, the reactive substance is initially provided in the form of a solid; the solid is heated to liquify it; and the liquid is forced through spray nozzles under high pressure to form the desired aerosol particles, which then react with the gas to be pumped.

Abstract: Natural zeolite minerals which have a high silicon-to aluminum atomic ratio (hereinafter referred to as Si/Al ratio)and a fibrous micro-structure in at least some parts are ore-dressed and classified according to the iron impurity content converted in terms of iron oxide Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. Zeolite with high Si/Al ratio is excellent in resistance to acid and heat and can be re-activated at high temperatures. The fibrous microstructure is considered to impart a high degree of mechanical strength to the zeolite after pelletization. High-grade natural zeolites with small iron impurity content uniformly exhibit high adsorption performance.In particular, zeolite adsorbents using natural zeolite consisting principally of mordenite are very useful for various purposes.In the case of removing oxygen, the combined use of the zeolite adsorbent and an oxygen removing catalyst provides good results. By cooling the zeolite adsorbent down to low temperatures, its adsorption performance rises sharply.

Abstract: An adiabatic pressure swing absorption process is disclosed for the removal of essentially all oxygen contained in an inert gas stream in minor amounts. The oxygen is absorbed and desorbed adiabatically from a dioxygen sorbent. Optionally, an inert purge gas can be utilized to improve the desorption of oxygen from the dioxygen sorbent. The process utilizes at least two switching beds of the dioxygen sorbent in which one bed is in an absorbing mode while the other bed is in a desorbing mode.

Abstract: An adiabatic-isothermal swing absorption process is disclosed for the removal of essentially all oxygen contained in an inert gas stream. The oxygen is absorbed from an inert gas stream adiabatically on to a dioxygen absorbent and then desorbed from the absorbent isothermally by the use of external heat. The process method utilizes at least two switching beds of the dioxygen absorbent in which one bed is in an absorbing mode while the other bed is in a desorbing mode.

Abstract: A process for preparing a disoxidant, comprising: providing fine powder of a porous filler f-1, such as zeolite, having a particle size not greater than 100 mesh and coarse powder of a porous filler f-2, such as zeolite, having a particle size greater than 100 mesh; adding water to the coarse powder f-2 such that the total water content for the sum of the fine and coarse powder f-1 and f-2 is 20-90% of the amount of saturated water absorption thereof; mixing 20-60% by volume of the fine powder f-1 with 80-40% by volume of the coarse powder f-2; and admixing the resulting mixture F with fine metallic powder M, such as iron, having disoxidation activity and a particle size not greater than 100 mesh, with a volume ratio M/F of the component M to F being in the range of 1/2 to 1/10. Disclosed also is a disoxidant obtained by the above process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing dissolved oxygen from a liquid (e.g., aqueous) system which comprisesadding to said liquid system an effective amount of an oxygen-scavenging chemical selected from 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from lower alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and phenyl.

Abstract: A fibrous activated carbon with a metal chelate compound supported thereon which is suitable for removal of toxic substances in gas. This activated carbon is obtained by attaching a solution or dispersion of the metal chelate compound onto the fibrous activated carbon followed by drying. Contacting the activated carbon with a toxic substance-containing gas provides very efficient removal of the toxic substance from the gas.

Abstract: An oxygen and carbon dioxide absorbent comprising (A) a particulate substance wherein the particles of a hydrous alkali substance are covered with separator particles, (B) iron powder and (C) an electrolyte and a process for storing coffee by using the same is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream containing residual oxygen is disclosed. A combustible fuel, such as methane, is admixed with the flue gas stream and the flue gas stream is then passed into a combustion zone in which it may be contacted with a catalyst which promotes the consumption of the residual oxygen in a combustion reaction. Preferably, the heat liberated in the combustion reaction is recovered for use in heating flue gas to combustion supporting conditions and in downstream carbon dioxide recovery steps. The purpose of the combustion reaction is to lower the oxygen content of the flue gas stream, which is then contacted with a lean carbon dioxide absorbing amine solution. The low oxygen content reduces the degradation of the amine solution and the corrosiveness of the amine solution thus allowing the use of high strength amine solutions and very high absorbent liquid loadings.

Abstract: An oxygen carrier, capable of reversibly binding and releasing oxygen, immobilized in a polymer matrix and a method of recovering dissolved oxygen from fluids utilizing the same.

Abstract: A continuous process for separating oxygen from air by means of a reversible chemical reaction wherein air is reacted with an oxygen acceptor which is subsequently decomposed to yield the product oxygen, and then recycled. The only energy input required is a conventional combustible fuel, and one object of the process is to reduce the amount of fuel energy required for oxygen production.The oxygen acceptor is a molten solution of alkali metal salt comprised predominantly of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate. An efficient process is achieved with this salt by conducting oxygen absorption in multiple countercurrent stages. The compression energy requirement is minimized by combining isothermal and adiabatic compression, and the recovery of compression energy is maximized by processing the exhaust in the sequence combustion, partial expansion, heat exchange, and completion of expansion. Salt-to-salt heat exchange between reaction regions minimizes the pumping requirements.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I are useful in the separation of a gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur dioxide, alkenes and carbon monoxide from a fluid comprising the gas.Mn.sup.11 LX.sub.2 IIn formula I: L represents a monodentate ligand of formula IA and X is a species capable of existing as an anionPR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 IAwherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 which may be identical or different represent substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl groups or hydrogen and X represents --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --NO.sub.3, --OH, --NCS or --NCO, provided that no more than two of the groups R.sup.1 R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups and that at least one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the purification of a hydrogen-containing gas mixture comprising up to 45% by volume of hydrogen, together with carbon oxides, hydrogen cyanide and impurities including nitrogen oxides and/or oxygen. The process comprises passing the gas over a sulphur-resistant hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of from 120.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. and at a pressure of from 0.5 to 250 bar to remove the nitrogen oxides and/or oxygen therefrom while substantially avoiding hydrogen cyanide removal. The gas may be obtained from a Koppers-Totzek gasifier and may be used for the production of ammonia after further purification. The sulphur-resistant catalyst may be a nickel molybdate or cobalt molybdate catalyst or a metal from Group VI and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger composition consisting essentially of[I] as essential components,(a) an alkali metal sulfide, and(b) at least one oxidation promoter selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, silica-alumina, silica-magnesia and inorganic materials containing one of them as a main ingredient; and[II] as optional components,(c) at least one oxidation promoter aid,(d) a water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble, inert filler, and/or(e) water in a hydrous or hydrated condition,a heat-generating composition of said composition being capable of scavenging at least 5 ml of oxygen per gram of the composition in air at 20.degree. C. during the period of one hour after oxidation reaction has substantially begun and a heat-generating structure comprising said composition and a film having an oxygen permeability of 0.01 to 50 cc/cm.sup.2 .multidot.min..multidot.O.sub.2 partial pressure (1 atm.), said film covering the composition over an area of 0.2 to 10 cm.sup.2 per gram of said composition.

Abstract: A deoxidizer comprises ferrous carbonate having a specific surface area of at least 20 m.sup.2 /g. The ferrous carbonate can be combined with a mixture of a reduced iron powder and a metal halide; or an alkli metal hydroxide and/or an alkline earth metal hydroxide or calcium oxide and/or ettringite. The deoxidizer is used for the deoxidation of a package so as to substitute oxygen by carbon dioxide.

Abstract: This invention consists essentially in a method of removing oxygen from a gas containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon, which comprises contacting a gas containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon and oxygen with silver and/or gold, or a catalyst containing at least one of them, in the presence of hydrogen.

Abstract: A chemical process for separating air into both oxygen and purified nitrogen is disclosed. Bulk oxygen removal is accomplished using an oxygen acceptor such as molten alkali nitrite solution, SrO, or Pr-Ce oxides. The remaining oxygen is removed by reaction with a scavenger such as MnO or others. The oxidized scavenger is regenerated by a reducing gas, and the heat released by the combined scavenging reactions is used to furnish at least part of the energy required by the acceptor process.

Abstract: In a process for decontaminating a nuclear process off-gas stream, oxygen and oxides of nitrogen are removed by catalytic reaction with hydrogen. The feed gas stream is then passed serially through a drier, a carbon dioxide adsorber and a xenon adsorber to sequentially remove water, CO.sub.2 and xenon therefrom. The feed gas exiting the xenon adsorber is passed to a krypton recovery process wherein krypton is concentrated to a first level in a primary distillation column, partially evaporated to increase concentration thereof and is brought to a concentration of approximately 90 mol % or greater in a second distillation column thereby enabling efficient storage of a radioactive krypton product. The xenon gas removed from the main feed stream in the xenon adsorber is passed to a freezeout heat exchange device to concentrate xenon to approximately 99% or greater, balance krypton.

Abstract: A highly efficient novel catalyst composition for ozone removal is made from(a) metallic silver deposited on a relatively high surface area metal substrate and(b) a composite of a relatively high surface area zirconia and oxides of manganese.

Abstract: In the decomposition of ozone in aircraft, the ozone level in an airflow upstream of the aircraft cabin is measured and a signal generated in accordance with the sensed level. This signal is amplified to a given value and a valve is opened or closed in response thereto. Connected to the valve is a source of nitric oxide under pressure. When the valve is opened a measured quantity of nitric oxide is dispensed to a location in said airflow remote from said ozone monitoring device.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger composition consisting essentially of(a) metallic iron, and(b) at least one oxidation promoter selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate hydrates, silicic acid, sodium alum and sodium borate hydrates, andoptionally(c) at least one oxidation promoter aid which is a metal halide compound, and/or(d) a water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble inert filler;a heat-generating composition having an initial rate of oxygen scavenging of at least 5 ml per gram of said composition in the air at 20.degree. C. during a period of one hour after the oxidation reaction was substantially begun, said composition consisting substantially of the metallic iron (a), a sodium silicate hydrate, and/or silicic acid as an oxidation promoter (b), the oxidation promoter aid (c) and optionally the filler (d);a deoxygenating structure comprising the oxygen scavenger composition and a film having an oxygen permeability of at least 0.005 ml/cm.sup.2.min.atm. (O.sub.

Abstract: A process for disoxidating a gas which comprises contacting a gas being inert to hydrazines with a solution containing (A) at least one of hydrazines and (B) at least one of (i) quinones having a first half-wave potential of not more than -650 mV against a saturated calomel electrode at 25.degree. C. in acetonitrile in the case of employing 0.1 N tetraethylammonium perchlorate as an indicating electrolyte, and (ii) hydroquinones being the reduced forms of the foregoing quinones, and if desired, (C) an alkali agent. According to the process, the oxygen in a gas is removed in a high efficiency at a low cost without disadvantages such as the accumulation of nonvolatile materials and the limitation in the capacity of absorbing oxygen.

Abstract: Substantially pure O.sub.2 is recovered from a gaseous mixture containing O.sub.2 and another gas, such as SO.sub.2 or NH.sub.3. An O.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 mixture is injected into a substantially vertical reaction zone to which I.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are continuously supplied at an upper location. By injecting the gas mixture at a lower location and at a preselected rate, substantially all of the SO.sub.2 in the mixture either reacts chemically or is dissolved in the H.sub.2 O. I.sub.2 may be supplied in particulate form and in substantial excess with respect to water so that the intermediate zone resembles a packed bed of wet iodine, in which case the gaseous mixture flows in the interstices of the packed bed. Electrolysis or an other chemical reaction wherein O.sub.2 does not take part can also be used.

Abstract: Filter for removal of ozone from air, e.g. in aircraft cabins, comprising a porous and preferably light weight and thermally stable substrate, particularly an organic polymer such as polybenzimidazole, containing a film or coating of manganese dioxide. The article can be formed by treating the substrate with a permanganate solution under conditions to reduce the permanganate to MnO.sub.2.

Abstract: Tritium formed in the treatment of spent nuclear fuel and during storage of liquid, radioactive waste products is retained by adding oxygen to said liquid, radioactive waste products, reducing in a subsequent stage the oxygen enriched with tritium and separating it from the tritium. The reduction can be carried out with NO. The higher nitrogen oxides formed can be reacted to nitric acid.

Abstract: A method for reacting pulverized coal with heated hydrogen-rich gas to form hydrocarbon liquids suitable for conversion to fuels wherein the reaction involves injection of pulverized coal entrained in a minimum amount of gas and mixing the entrained coal at ambient temperature with a separate source of heated hydrogen. In accordance with the present invention, the hydrogen is heated by reacting a small portion of the hydrogen-rich gas with oxygen in a first reaction zone to form a gas stream having a temperature in excess of about 1000.degree. C. and comprising a major amount of hydrogen and a minor amount of water vapor. The coal particles then are reacted with the hydrogen in a second reaction zone downstream of the first reaction zone. The products of reaction may be rapidly quenched as they exit the second reaction zone and are subsequently collected.

Abstract: Volatile, radioactive substances, obtained in the reprocessing of nuclear fuel and contained in the gas mixtures formed and in the liquid wastes are retained and separated in several stages. In the first stage the higher nitrogen oxides contained in the gas mixtures formed in the dissolution of the nuclear fuel with nitric acid and in the denitration of the uranium and plutonium nitrates are reduced to nitric oxide (NO) and iodine is absorbed. In the second stage, the gas mixture of the first stage is separated into a fraction containing the volatile, radioactive substances and nitric oxide and a fraction mainly consisting of nitrogen and xenon. Oxygen is added to the liquid, radioactive substances and enriched with volatile, radioactive substances. The enriched oxygen and the fraction of the second stage consisting of volatile, radioactive substances and nitric oxide are jointly subjected to a chemical treatment and the oxygen is reacted with the nitric oxide.

Abstract: Production of a device or filter for removal of ozone from air, e.g. in aircraft cabins, by depositing an oxide film containing manganese dioxide on a substrate, particularly a light weight thermally stable substrate, e.g. polybenzimidazole, by treatment with a permanganate solution containing a soluble ceric salt such as ceric ammonium nitrate, and preferably also a dichromate such as sodium dichromate, to form a dense strongly adherent film or coating of MnO.sub.2, ceric oxide and preferably also chromic oxide, on the substrate. A solution containing an oxidizable organic component such as abietic acid can be first applied to the substrate, followed by treatment with the above permanganate solution.

Abstract: The Claus process for the production of sulphur is improved by employing a deoxidation catalyst prior to the conventional Claus oxide catalyst.

Abstract: An oxygen absorbent comprising (a) metal halide-coated metal powder having at least one metal halide coated on the surface of at least one metal powder, the amount of metal halide coated being in the range of from about 0.001 part to about 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the metal powder, and the water content of the metal halide-coated metal powder being less than 1% by weight on the basis of total weight of the metal halide-coated metal powder an (b) a water-containing material and a process for producing the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A highly efficient novel catalyst composition for ozone removal is made from(a) metallic silver deposited on a relatively high surface area copper substrate and(b) a composite of a relatively high surface area zirconia and oxides of manganese.

Abstract: The rates of reaction between two gases is controlled by bringing the gases (hydrogen and oxygen) into an aqueous medium and into contact with a Contacogen which is wetproofed with respect to the medium. Even if the reaction between the gases in gas phase is exothermic, then normally the rate is quite slow if the reaction is carried out in a liquid such as water. By the use of a Contacogen, the rate is increased substantially over that in which the gases are reacted in a liquid medium, and much controlled over that which takes place in a gas phase reaction. The Contacogen is particulate in nature and maintained in a static condition and forms the situs of reaction between the two gases in the presence of an aqueous medium, the latter normally tending to inhibit reaction. The Contacogen is wetproofed to prevent flooding thereof by the aqueous medium and operates to increase the rate of reaction between the gaseous reactants in the aqueous medium over that possible absent the Contacogen.

Abstract: Cyclopentadienyl chromium alkyl/aryl oxides and siloxides have been synthesized which when deposited on silica and treated with a silane show catalytic activity in the polymerization of ethylene. These chromium compounds also can be used for scavenging oxygen and volatile sulfur compounds from various liquid and gaseous streams.

Abstract: Oxygen is separated from air by a regenerative chemical process. Air is contacted with an oxygen acceptor comprised of a molten solution of alkali nitrite and nitrate salts at elevated temperature and pressure, causing the oxygen to react with the nitrite, and thereby increasing the proportion of nitrate in the salt solution. The oxidized oxygen acceptor is separated from the oxygen depleted air, and then its pressure is reduced while supplying heat, thereby causing the release of relatively pure oxygen, which is collected. The oxygen acceptor, restored to its approximate original composition, is recycled to the oxidation step. Since the oxygen acceptor remains in the liquid state throughout the cycle, both salt to salt heat exchange and salt circulation are facilitated, making possible a continuous process of high efficiency.

Abstract: An improved process for treating waste gas from a nuclear power plant to recover radioactive rare gases such as Kr and Xe therefrom. The waste gas is treated with titanium, zirconium or alloys thereof to remove oxygen present in the waste gas.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of hydrogen to water in the presence of elemental nitrogen with minimal oxidation thereof which comprises combining the hydrogen with a predetermined amount of oxygen containing gas to give at least 1% stoichiometric excess of oxygen for the oxidation of hydrogen to water and passing the resulting mixture over a ceramic catalyst of the following empirical formula at a temperature between about 100.degree. C and about 1,000.degree. C;w.sub.k X.sub.n J(1-k-n).sup.ZO (3.+-.m)WhereinW is Zirconium, Tin or Thorium or mixtures thereof;X is an alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof;J is scandium, yttrium, a rare-earth element or mixture thereof;Z is a metal of the first transition series of a mixture thereof, at least 0.01% of said metal having an oxidation state other then +3;k is a number having a value between 0 and about 0.1;m is a number having a value of from 0 to about 0.26; andn is a number having a value from 0 to about 0.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor useful for carrying out a catalytic reaction comprises a horizontally disposed reaction zone. Foraminous retaining means are disposed within said reactor or reaction zone transversely thereof and occupying the complete cross-section of said reaction zone available for the flow of gaseous or vaporized reactants therethrough. The foraminous retaining means define a transverse volume along a portion of the length of the reactor and are adapted to be filled with particle-form catalytic material. A chamber is disposed at the upper portion of and in open communication with said transverse volume. The chamber is adapted to be filled with particle-form catalytic material so as to maintain the transverse volume filled with particle-form catalytic material. The catalytic reactor is generally useful for carrying out catalytic reactions involving gaseous or vaporized reactants and a mass of particle-form catalytic material.

Abstract: An ozone decomposition system wherein moist ozone-containing gas is contacted with a bed of active zeolite molecular sieve particles for converting ozone, which comprises means for reactivating the bed by directly applying to the zeolite particles a high-voltage low-frequency electrical field having sufficient potential gradient to separate sorbed moisture as molecular water.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing an oxide material for use in an oxygen generator. A quantity of dry zirconia particles is blended with Barium Peroxide particles and thereafter heated in a nitrogen atmosphere until the Barium Peroxide melts and coats the zirconia particles. The Barium Peroxide coating is subsequently decomposed to Barium Oxide. The Barium Oxide coated zirconia particles are allowed to cool and then passed through a grinder to produce a uniform particle size for oxide material.

Abstract: A process for purifying gases produced by the gasification of fossil fuels by a treatment with water vapor and oxygen under superatmospheric pressure. The raw gas produced is treated to remove catalyst-deteriorating impurities such as mono- and polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HCl, H.sub.2 S, CS.sub.2, COS, and NH.sub.3, and to desulfurize the gas to produce an exhaust gas which is rich in H.sub.2 S. The gas is cooled and scrubbed under superatmospheric pressures and at normal temperatures. The raw gas, at a temperature of 150.degree.-170.degree. C., is indirectly cooled to ambient temperature. The condensible hydrocarbons are then separated and removed, and the gas is then scrubbed with water to remove ammonia in a first scrubbing stage wherein the rate of water addition is controlled to be just sufficient to remove the ammonia.

Abstract: Alloys reacting with water, water vapor and reactive gases at temperatures in the range of about 200.degree. to about 650.degree. C have essential components of nickel, titanium an zirconium. The alloys can be made by arc melting zirconium, nickel and titanium and can be formed into sheet or foil by inert-atmosphere hot rolling. The alloys can also be made by plating nickel on a sheet of zirconium-titanium alloy and then conduction a diffusion process by heating the plated alloy in vacuum.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for separating krypton from radioactive waste gases which become free during the chemical dissolution of burnt-off fuel particles and contain krypton and xenon. Simultaneously with the core fuel particles conveyed to the chemical dissolution, such quantity of chemically inactive carrier gas intermixable with the waste gases is added to the substances bringing about the chemical dissolution that after purification of the waste gas mixture from gas components such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydrocarbons and water steam and after subsequent cooling of the waste gas mixture to the boiling temperature of the liquid nitrogen, the quantity of xenon contained in the waste gas mixture is quantitatively precipitated in solid form. Thereupon the waste gas mixture is cooled by means of liquid nitrogen, while simultaneously increasing the pressure, to such an extent that krypton is precipitated.

Abstract: A catalyst system for the elimination of hydrogen gas which comprises a ptetrafluoroethylene-bonded catalyst layer of carbon mixed with platinum black, a porous polytetrafluoroethylene film on the side thereof which faces the gas flow, and a metal backplate, all integrally bonded together. The assembly is particularly useful for the elimination of hydrogen gas in sealed equipment housings, for example, those containing batteries. A similar system may also be used as a detector of hydrogen by utilizing a detector paper therewith which indicates the presence of water.

Abstract: An ammonia stream can be dried by passing the ammonia stream through liquified ammonia in which sodium metal is dissolved and which is maintained at the boiling point.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing and substantially eliminating the presence of oxygen in a sealed container or package, which method includes the step of disposing or placing a drying oil, such as linseed oil, in the sealed container, for example, in the form of a small capsule having one or more openings and containing linseed oil absorbed on a spongy substrate or particulate material. The oxygen in the container will react with the linseed oil and thereby be removed from the container atmosphere. In addition, a foraminous capsule is provided containing drying oil, such as linseed oil, sorbed on a porous or particulate substrate, for use in carrying out the above method. A method is also provided for measuring the rate of oxygen transmission through a film or package walls or into a container employing drying oils as described above.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide in gaseous samples containing hydrogen is detected by first heating the gas sample in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of at least 700.degree. C. in a non-catalytic reaction zone to selectively oxidize the hydrogen to water and then passing the gaseous reaction products from the selective oxidation to a carbon monoxide analyzer.