Abstract: Defoaming agent comprising 20 to 94% by weight of an organopolysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer in which the polyoxyalkylene group is bonded to a silicon atom directly through the Si--C linkage, the ratio of the polyoxyalkylene group to the copolymer being in the range of from 0.3 to 0.8 by weight, 5 to 50% by weight of a polyoxyalkyleneglycol derivative, and 1 to 30% by weight of a nonionic surfactant having the polyoxyalkylene structure in its molecule. The defoaming agents have excellent properties of solubility in water, durability of anti-foaming activity and stability to alkalinity. They are useful for reducing the formation of foams particularly in a high-temperature dyeing bath.

Abstract: In the absorption of an acid gas by an aqueous alkaline solution under gas-liquid absorption conditions, undesirable foaming is reduced by contacting the aqueous solution in a separate contact zone with a hydrocarbon solvent containing an effective amount of an extraction adjuvant.

Abstract: Sulfur compounds contained in fuel gases produced from the gasification of coal or petroleum residua are removed at above about 1600.degree.F temperature by contacting the gas with an absorbent material comprising a strong, macroporous particulate solid support containing molten metal carbonate, such as potassium carbonate, within its pores. Following such contacting and reaction of the sulfur compounds in the hot gas with the supported metal carbonate absorbent, it is regenerated by being contacted at high temperatures with steam and CO.sub.2 to remove the sulfur, which is recovered as H.sub.2 S. The metal carbonate absorbent material is reused by again contacting it with the hot fuel gas for sulfur removal, after which the sulfur-free fuel gas is burned in a combustion process such as a gas turbine to produce power.

Abstract: Sodium carbonate is added to water used to scrub converter gases so that calcium-oxide particles in the gas react with the aqueous sodium carbonate and a thin inactive film of calcium carbonate is formed on the calcium-oxide particles, using carbon dioxide in the gas for the reaction. The coated particles are then separated from the wash water by settling and sedimentation and the wash water is recycled with the addition of more sodium carbonate and water.

Abstract: The disclosed process provides for the production of a desulfurized fuel gas from a sulfur-containing fuel oil by absorption, in a first reaction zone, of the sulfur contaminants with a calcium oxide-containing material, which material is then further treated to render it environmentally stable without producing a sulfur-rich gas process stream. The spent limestone from the oil gasifier is reacted with an oxygen-containing gas in a second reaction zone for conversion of the calcium sulfide to calcium sulfate and the sulfated material is then transferred to a third reaction zone wherein it is reacted with carbon dioxide for conversion of the calcium oxide to calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Gases produced by reacting fuels with oxygen containing gases and water vapor under pressure are desulfurized by scrubbing with a concentrated solution of one or more alkali salts of weak inorganic acids at a temperature near the atmospheric-pressure boiling point of the solution in a column while maintaining an exchange ratio of from 0.2 to 2.0 cubic meters of the concentrated solution per standard cubic meter hydrogen sulfide in the gas to be purified.

Abstract: Process for purifying industrial gases containing hydrogen sulfide and for simultaneously producing elemental sulfur, comprising contacting said gases with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and/or sodium carbonate, thereby forming a sodium sulfide solution, contacting said solution with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydrogen carbonate or with a gaseous mixture of CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 so as to precipitate sodium hydrogen carbonate, decomposing the latter to CO.sub.2 and neutral sodium carbonate which is recycled, heating the resulting liquid phase to produce NH.sub.3 and H.sub.2 S and producing sulfur by reacting the H.sub.2 S with sulfurous anhydride.

Abstract: A process for regenerating absorbent solutions used for removing gaseous impurities such as CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 S,HCN, SO.sub.2 and other acidic gases from gaseous mixtures by stripping with steam, which comprisesA. dividing the solution to be regenerated into a principal and a secondary fraction (p and s) and regenerating these fractions separately from each other in a principal and a secondary regeneration column (P and S), the principal regeneration column being operated at a pressure of at least about 0.2 to 0.5 atm above the pressure of the secondary regeneration column,B. regenerating the principal fraction in the principal regeneration column by heat which is fed from outside into the lower part of the column,C. regenerating the secondary fraction in the secondary regeneration column by heat which has been removed from the regenerated solution leaving the principal regeneration column andD. passing the regenerated fractions to the absorber.

Abstract: The thiosulfate-containing purge stream generated in a Stretford-type process for purifying a hydrogen sulfide contaminated gas stream is treated with phosphoric or sulfuric acid and then with lime to recover vanadate salts, anthraquinone disulfonic acid salts, and alkali, for reuse in the process.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibition of ferrous metals by aqueous potassium carbonate solutions in acid gas treating systems is effected by a combination of antimony compounds with vanadium anions in the plus 5 valence state.

Abstract: Solid polyolefins of alpha monoolefins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule such as, but not limited to, polyethylene and polypropylene containing a stearate radical such as calcium, zinc or magnesium stearate or stearic acid have added thereto an antifoaming amount of a barium compound which forms a water insoluble soap with the stearate radical in an alkaline solution.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas in a closed loop system wherein said gas is passed through and absorbed by an alkaline aqueous absorbent containing an alkali carbonate and an oxidation catalyst. The solution containing the dissolved hydrogen sulfide is oxidized with an oxygen-containing gas to convert the absorbed hydrogen sulfide into elementary sulfur and sulfur salt compounds. After separation of the elementary sulfur from the solution, the solution is re-circulated for use as alkaline absorbent. A part of the re-circulated solution is diverted and subjected to mixed-combustion with an auxiliary fuel in a combustion furnace at an air ratio lower than 0.9 and at a temperature of 700.degree.C to 1100.degree.C to thermally decompose the sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide and an alkali carbonate.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide gas may be separated from a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide by passing the gaseous mixture through an aqueous solution of bicarbonate ions.

Abstract: A process wherein hydrogen sulfide present in a gas mixture comprising hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide is preferentially removed from the gas stream into an aqueous solution where the hydrogen sulfide is oxidized. The aqueous solution has dissolved therein bicarbonate ions, transition metal ions, and oxygen.

Abstract: Gases produced by reacting fuels with oxygen containing gases and water vapor under pressure are desulfurized by scrubbing with a concentrated solution of one or more alkali salts of weak inorganic acids at a temperature near the atmospheric-pressure boiling point of the solution in a column while maintaining an exchange ratio of from 0.2 to 2.0 cubic meters of the concentrated solution per standard cubic meter hydrogen sulfide in the gas to be purified.