Abstract: A process for the elimination of ammonia in waste waters from a coke oven battery wherein ammonia-containing waste water or ammonia-containing vapor obtained by means of ammonia separation from the waste water are mixed with flue gas from the coke oven battery and sprayed into a NO.sub.x reactor at an elevated temperature with the resulting mixture being subjected to a catalytic redox reaction.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for lowering the electrical resistivity of fly ash comprising adding a cationic or anionic polymer to the fly ash.

Abstract: Selective reduction of NO.sub.x with NH.sub.3 as well as decomposition of excess NH.sub.3 is provided over a wide temperature range by a platinum-gold catalyst.

Abstract: A sulfur compound and a nitrogen compound as ill-smelling components can efficiently be removed from a gas containing the same by bringing the gas into contact with an adsorbent comprising activated carbon having supported thereon bromine and a non-volatile acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved non-catalytic combustion process for reducing NO emissions to the atmosphere wherein a reducing gas comprising ammonia, either alone or in combination with one or more other reducing gases, is injected into a flowing combustion effluent containing NO and oxygen when at least a portion of the combustion effluent is in a reduction zone at a temperature within the range of about 700.degree. C. to about 1100.degree. C., the improvement which comprises placing a metallic material substantially at the end of the reduction zone to substantially reduce ammonia breakthrough.

Abstract: A process to produce sulphur from two acid gases both containing hydrogen sulphide and one of which contains ammonia, using a modified Claus technique.The acid gas containing ammonia is burnt in the presence of air under substoichiometric conditions in a first heat-reaction chamber, while the ammonia-free acid gas is burnt in a second heat-reaction chamber, forming a series with the first chamber, with the right quantity of air to provide a molar ratio of H.sub.2 S to SO.sub.2 of approximately 2/1 at the catalytic reaction stage inlet. The mixed effluents from both heat-reaction chambers may pass through a high-temperature residence chamber before being conveyed to the heat-recovery stage.Gas effluents from the heat-reaction stage contain H.sub.2 S and SO.sub.2 in the right ratio for the catalytic reaction stage, and no hydrocarbons or harmful quantities of NH.sub.3 and NO.

Abstract: Ammonium compounds deposited on catalyst in a sulfur recovery facility are removed by passing a hot regeneration stream in contact with the catalyst to produce a regeneration effluent stream containing ammonia followed by combustion or catalysis to reduce the concentration of ammonia in the regeneration effluent stream.

Abstract: A process for substantial removal of nitrogen and sulfur compounds from gas streams, particularly fuel gas mixtures produced from sulfur and nitrogen containing coal or other carbonaceous fuels, by contacting the gas stream with solid zinc oxide at elevated temperatures in a reaction zone. The process provides a continuous method of removal of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide by contacting the gas stream with zinc oxide solids and regenerating the sulfided zinc in a fluidized bed regeneration zone by contact with oxygen containing gas at elevated temperatures. The process provides simultaneous removal of sulfur and nitrogen components of a fuel gas stream without requiring a decrease in the temperature of the fuel gas stream.

Abstract: Processes for converting NH.sub.3 contaminants of gaseous fuel to N.sub.2. The processes involve reacting gaseous fuel containing NH.sub.3 with a sufficient amount of NO at a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert a portion of the NH.sub.3 to N.sub.2. The processes disclosed are especially useful in converting NH.sub.3 contaminants in coal gas to N.sub.2.

Abstract: In a process for the liquefaction of solid carbonaceous materials wherein bottoms residues are upgraded with a process wherein air is employed, the improvement wherein nitrogen buildup in the system is avoided by ammonia synthesis. In a preferred embodiment hydrogen from other portions of the liquefaction process will be combined with hydrogen produced as a result of the bottoms upgrading to increase the H.sub.2 :N.sub.2 ratio in the ammonia reactor.

Abstract: A self-contained disposable package including a container of diazo copy developer liquid and an ammonia vapor absorber canister is disclosed for use with diazo type copy machines. The container of developer liquid and an absorber canister are adapted to be readily hooked into the supply and exhaust lines of the copy machine developer chamber and to the exhaust line of a machine degassing chamber. The absorber canister includes a quantity of ammonia vapor absorber material such as a mixture of excelsior and activated carbon, both treated with phosphoric acid, into which is extended a flow tube adapted to be connected to the degassing exhaust chamber with the exhaust flow directed to emanate from the lower region of the canister and flow upwardly through the absorber material and thence out through openings in a top cap. The quantity of developer and absorber is correlated such that the entire package may be replaced as soon as the developer liquid becomes exhausted.

Abstract: A method for removing compounds with offensive odor from an exhaust gas containing the same with a deodorant comprising a mixture of spherical particles of activated carbon and spherical particles of porous carbon impregnated with phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate placed in a fluidized-bed type deodorizing unit.

Abstract: A refining process of a hot gas such as coal gas containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia comprises steps of contacting the hot gas with a first catalyst comprising iron oxide to remove hydrogen sulfide, and then contacting the hot gas with a second catalyst comprising reduced iron made by reducing iron oxide prior to introducing the hot gas into the catalyst to remove ammonia. The refining process further includes steps of temperature adjustment of the gas directing to the first and second catalyst and the removal of hydrogen sulfide remaining in the hot gas after the removal of the ammonia with a third catalyst comprising iron oxide.

Abstract: A reducing gas, such as a synthetic fuel gas, produced by gasification of a fossil fuel, containing ammonia or both ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, is purified by passing the reducing gas at first, through a first removing agent of iron or nickel system when the hydrogen sulfide is contained, and then through a second removing agent of iron or nickel system, both at elevated temperatures. For example, when the reducing gas contains both ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, the gas is passed through the first removing agent at a temperature of 450.degree.-700.degree. C. to remove substantially all of the hydrogen sulfide and then is passed through the second removing agent at a temperature of greater than 700.degree. C., preferably up to 900.degree. C., to remove substantially all of the ammonia contained in the gas. Not only a remarkable effect upon prevention of environmental pollution but also a great improvement of energy efficiency, as compared with the conventional process, can be obtained.

Abstract: Ammonia gas is scrubbed from a gas stream in a bed of material soaked with acid, and the bed is regenerated by passing an oxygen containing gas therethrough. The preferred acid is phosphoric acid and the preferred support material is carbon in the form of porous particles. In a fuel cell system dual scrubbers alternately scrub ammonia from reform gas and are subsequently regenerated so as to provide the fuel cells with a continuous flow of substantially ammonia free hydrogen.

Abstract: A deodorization method which comprises allowing a bad-smelling gas containing (a) hydrogen sulfide and/or a mercaptan, (b) a sulfide and/or a disulfide and (c) ammonia and/or an amine to contact (1) firstly with activated carbon, (2) then with activated carbon or clay mineral having an acid supported thereon, and (3) subsequently with activated carbon in the presence of chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: A process for the production of ammonium sulfate in a multistage contactor (or column) inclusive of liquid cyclone recycle. A gas, or gases, which contains sulfur dioxide, e.g., a flue gas, is contacted with ammonia in an oxygen and water environment in a column comprised of three sections (zones). Sulfur dioxide is contacted in vapor phase in a central section of the contactor with a stoichiometric excess of ammonia in the presence of oxygen and water vapor to produce ammonium sulfate. A scrubbing section for the removal of ammonia from the effluent gas by countercurrent contact with water or acid solution is provided in the upper section of the contactor. Liquid cyclones are utilized in the lower section of the contactor where product ammonium sulfate is removed as a slurry, crystalline ammonium sulfate is removed from the slurry, and liquid is returned as recycle to the contactor.

Abstract: A high temperature, high pressure raw coal gas containing hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and tarry matter, is purified by contacting the raw coal gas with solid particles thereby cooling the raw coal gas to a temperature suitable for hydrogen sulfide removal and at the same time depositing the tarry matter onto the solid particles by condensation to recover the tarry matter from the raw coal gas, removing the hydrogen sulfide from the cooled and substantially tar-free coal gas, expanding the raw coal gas to a pressure suitable for ammonia decomposition, heating the expanded raw coal gas to a temperature suitable for ammonia decomposition by heat obtained by combusting the recovered tarry matter on the solid particles, thereby regenerating the solid particles for reuse, and then decomposing ammonia in the raw coal gas, thereby removing ammonia therefrom.

Abstract: Noxious nitrogen oxides in a waste gas stream such as the stack gas from a fossil-fuel-fired power generation plant or other industrial plant off-gas stream is catalytically reduced to elemental nitrogen and/or innocuous nitrogen oxides employing ammonia as reductant in the presence of a zeolite catalyst in the hydrogen or sodium form having pore openings of about 3 to 10 A.

Abstract: Malodorous gas containing (1) ammonia and/or amines and (2) hydrogen sulfide is deodorized by reacting the gas with oxygen in the presence of activated carbon having supported thereon at least a metal compound selected from the group consisting of vanadium compounds, molybdenum compounds and tungsten compounds.

Abstract: Plant-derived organic material is converted to high BTU gas by heating the organic material with ammonia in the presence of a vanadium +3 or +4 catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst in an atmosphere substantially free of oxygen.

Abstract: A method of decomposing ammonia fumes which have a high hydrogen sulfide content, in particular, deacidizer fumes from an NH.sub.3 --H.sub.2 S closed-circuit scrubber of coke oven gases, in which the washed-out NH.sub.2 is enriched. The inventive method comprises burning a heating fuel with an amount of oxygen to generate combustion gases having a low oxygen content, heating the deacidizer fumes by direct contact with the combustion gases in order to form a hot mixture of the gases and deacidizer fumes and subsequently directing the hot mixture through a decomposition zone. In addition the ammonia fumes are directed in an annular jacket around the housing to an annular discharge at the periphery of the coke oven gas flame.

Abstract: A catalyst for decomposing ammonia by oxidation is produced by converting the surface layer of steel material of specified shape resembling a ring, honeycomb, plate or the like to an aluminum alloy, treating the steel material with an aluminum dissolving solution to dissolve out the aluminum and to render the surface layer porous, subjecting the steel material to oxidation treatment to obtain a catalyst carrier, immersing the carrier in a solution of chloroplatinic acid adjusted to weak alkalinity with barium hydroxide, and drying the carrier after withdrawing the carrier from the solution.

Abstract: A method for hydrolyzing urea in aqueous solutions such as waste-water streams which comprises heating the aqueous solution containing urea in the presence of a catalytic amount of vanadium pentoxide for sufficient time and at sufficient temperatures to effect hydrolysis of substantially all of the urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of processing residual gases containing sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur oxides and supplied from Claus plants or other surfur-producing installations, wherein the Claus plant is operated along or in connection with an ammonia decomposition plant in which ammonia-containing heated gases are directed through a decomposition zone which is free or filled with heat-resistant filler bodies or with a catalyst material, and the ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen and, thereupon, the gases are cooled and washed. The residual gases containing sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides and ammonia-containing heated gases are fed to an ammonia decomposition chamber where the ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen and the residual gases react to produce a product gas enriched in hydrogen sulfide, the hydrogen for the reaction being supplied by the decomposition of ammonia.

Abstract: An absorption process, as for the removal of H.sub.2 S from vapor streams, wherein a stream of lean absorbent removed from the regenerator as a sidecut is used in a high pressure absorption zone and a lean absorbent stream removed as the regenerator bottoms stream is used in a low pressure absorption zone.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides are removed from flue gas evolving from stationary sources and containing the nitrogen oxides through reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen by passing the flue gas over a catalyst of metal compounds containing oxysulfur compounds in the presence of an ammonia gas.

Abstract: A process for converting ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in coke oven gases into nitrogen, water and sulfur comprises, mixing the oven gases with oxygen and a portion of the waste gases of the process from which all the ammonia and most of the hydrogen sulfide has been removed, burning the mixture in a combustion chamber and passing the resulting gaseous products over a catalyst to convert the ammonia into water and nitrogen, mixing the gases after they pass over the catalyst with oxygen and another portion of the waste gases, and cooling the mixture and removing the condensed sulfur therefrom to form remaining products. The remaining products are further processed to remove additional sulfur, to condense and remove water. A portion of the remaining products are returned to the process in the form of waste gases.

Abstract: A process for hydrolyzing urea in waste water streams which comprises introducing a waste water stream containing urea into a carbon dioxide recovery system such as used in connection with the production of ammonia, and therein hydrolyzing substantially all of the urea in the waste water stream.

Abstract: A process for the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in the presence of elemental nitrogen with minimal oxidation thereof, which comprises combining the ammonia with a predetermined amount of oxygen containing gas to give at least 1% stoichiometric excess of oxygen for the oxidation of the ammonia to nitric oxide; and passing the resulting mixture over a ceramic catalyst of the following empirical formula at an elevated temperature:W.sub.k X.sub.n J.sub.(1-k-n) ZO.sub.(3.+-.m)whereinW is Zirconium, Tin or Thorium or mixtures thereof;X is an alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof;J is Scandium, Yttrium, a rare-earth element or mixture thereof;Z is a metal of the first transition series or a mixture thereof, at least 0.01% of said metal having an oxidation state other than +3;k is a number having a value between 0 and about 0.1;m is a number having a value of from 0 to about 0.26; andn is a number having a value from 0 to about 0.

Abstract: A process for treating an exhaust gas containing substantially only ammonia gas and oxygen gas as reactants to decompose catalytically the ammonia gas to nitrogen and water, which comprises contacting at an elevated temperature the exhaust gas with a catalyst consisting essentially of the oxides of titanium, copper and a member selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, cerium, iron and mixtures thereof. The ammonia gas is catalytically decomposed in accord with the following chemical reaction:2NH.sub.3 +3/2 O.sub.2 .fwdarw.N.sub.2 +3H.sub.2 Oair pollution due to ammonia gas contained in an exhaust gas from, such as, an ammonia production plant, or copying machines using ammonia sensitive paper, is satisfactorily prevented by this process.

Abstract: Production of an activated type alumina from aluminum dross by digestion with water, preferably pressurized. The peculiar properties associated with trace compounds present in the product make it useful for the recovery of noxious effluents from furnacing processes, including those burning fossil fuels and those used for smelting both aluminum and steel, wherein the alumina beneficially incorporates in the metallurgical flux.

Abstract: A pourable solid filter material for the removal of foreign gases, particularly unpleasant odors, from the air comprises a granular composition. The granular composition is a mixture of at least one acid or basic chemosorptive substance which reacts chemically with the foreign gas, and a substance which stores moisture. A binder which binds the chemosorptive substance into the form of granules is preferably also used as the moisture storing substance. The granules may consist of spherical particles between 0.5 to 5 mm. in diameter. Suitable acid chemosorpents include organic carboxylic acids, amidosulphonic acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid, boric acid, sodium, potassium and ammonium hydrogen sulphates and phthalic andydride. Preferred basic chemosorbents include sodium and potassium carbonates, oxides or hydroxides of calcium and barium, sodium metasilicate, lithium carbonate, hydroxides of sodium or potassium, cement, and potash, double, and soda water glass.

Abstract: Pure, concentrated ammonia is recovered from aqueous liquors by stripping off gas water, de-acidifications, scrubbing and withdrawing ammonia from the top of a scrubbing column.

Abstract: Apparatus for the elimination of noxious ammonia fumes associated with diazo copiers includes a plenum chamber disposed about the output aperture of the machine developer chamber. Vacuum means are provided to draw the ammonia laden air out of this chamber. Preferably this apparatus is used in conjunction with a novel filter connected between the chamber and the vacuum means. The filter comprises a filter body of a material such as corrugated paper having a plurality of longitudinal substantially parallel channels, the walls of which are impregnated with a material, such as phosphoric acid, which will react with ammonia to generate odorless end products. A granular layer impregnated with such a material may be disposed in contact with the output end of this filter body.

Abstract: A method of producing form coke that is coke having pieces of substantially identical form using a heated shaft furnace comprises mixing fine coke with a caking coal and pressing the mixture at temperatures at which the mixture is plastic in order to form briquettes. The briquettes are permitted to harden and degasify and thereafter they are exposed to a high temperature after hardening for example to a temperature of from 400.degree. to 900.degree. C from 60 to 120 minutes. Thereafter the briquettes are cooled. A first mixing substance is prepared by permitting a fine coal to fall in a non-compressed stream in the shaft furnace while heat is transferred thereto substantially by radiation.

Abstract: A method of separating isotopes of hydrogen which comprises subjecting a ture of nitrogen and isotopes of hydrogen in a H.sub.2 --N.sub.2 mole ratio from 1:4 to 10:1 to a glow electrical discharge from 10.sup..sup.-3 to 10.sup.+.sup.1 eV per reactant molecules at a temperature from 50.degree. K to 200.degree. K and at a pressure of at least 0.3 Torr.

Abstract: A method for reducing sulfur dioxide wherein ammonia is used as the reducing agent. The reduction may be accomplished either thermally or catalytically and the principal products obtained will be elemental sulfur and/or hydrogen sulfide, depending principally upon the particular conditions and relative reactant concentrations actually employed. The sulfur dioxide may be derived from essentially any source. In a preferred embodiment, however, the sulfur dioxide will be derived from a flue gas stream and the same will be separated therefrom with an absorption process wherein ammonia (on an aqueous ammoniacal solution) is also used as the absorbent.

Abstract: The sulfur content of solid carbonaceous material, such as coal or lignite, is reduced by feeding said material under recycle gas pressure into a continuous closed pressurized cyclic system operating in the range of about 5 to 30 atmospheres, contacting the coal in a desulfurization zone of the cyclic system with hot hydrogen-containing gases at about 1600.degree. F, removing the desulfurized coal from the resulting gas stream, removing sulfur compounds from the gas stream, and burning a part of the resulting gas stream to supply the hot hydrogen-containing gases for contacting the coal. Hydrogen necessary for the recycle gas stream is generated from the coal in the desulfurization zone. The only input to the system is coal and oxygen. Desulfurized coal, sulfur and excess gases are removed as products.

Abstract: A method for treating ammonia-containing gases for removing ammonia therefrom, which comprises contacting the ammonia-containing gases with a metal oxide catalyst having the following formula:Cr.sub.x A.sub.y O.sub.zwherein Cr is chromium; A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony, vanadium, cobalt, silver, zinc, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, germanium and zirconium; x is a numeral of 4 to 12; y is a numeral of 0.2 to 8 and z is a numeral of 6.2 to 42, in a vapor phase at a temperature of from 200.degree. to 500.degree. C in the presence of molecular oxygen, and thereby the ammonia is oxidized to harmless nitrogen gas.

Abstract: A process to remove ammonia from gases by washing the gases with an inorganic acid of ammonium bisulfite. The ammonia removed from the gas transforms the washing liquid into ammonium salt solution. This salt solution then undergoes a separate processing by washing it with gases bearing sulfur dioxide to regenerate ammonium bisulfite acid, a portion of which is returned for further washing of the gases and another portion is diverted to an apparatus for concentrating the acid solution up to 70% to 80% by weight after which the concentrated acid solution is delivered to a combustion chamber where burning thereof produces combustion products bearing sulfur dioxide which are used in the process to wash the ammonium bisulfite salt solution to regenerate ammonium bisulfite acid.

Abstract: Gases are removed from enclosed spaces by (1) purging the space to be enclosed with a reactive gas such as carbon dioxide, (2) adding a metal hydrocarbyloxide and a solid absorbent for the volatile reaction products of the reactive gas and the metal hydrocarbyloxide, e.g., a solid absorbent such as activated charcoal, and (3) enclosing the space, e.g., by hermetically sealing the container. This method for gas removal is particularly useful in the production of thermal insulating articles such as double walled vacuum containers for storage of foods and beverages.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulphide and ammonia are removed from gaseous streams comprising these compounds by combustion of ammonia into nitrogen and water vapor and partial combustion of hydrogen sulphide into sulphur dioxide, whereby hydrogen sulphide reacts with the sulphur dioxide formed in a molar ratio of 2:1 under formation of elementary sulphur and water, by mixing all gases which are to be combusted before causing them to enter at least one burner. Preferably the combustion air required for the ammonia containing gas stream and the combustion air required for the hydrogen sulphide rich gas stream are controlled separately, after which both air streams are united.

Abstract: The process involves stripping ammonium nitrogens and organic materials, as gases, which are present in process waste waters to be discharged from plants wherein gases for use in ammonia synthesis are manufactured by reforming hydrocarbons with steam, decomposing the organic materials selectively in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of about 120.degree. to 400.degree. C., mixing the remaining gases with the flue gases from said plants so as to provide a gaseous mixture having ammonia therein in an amount of about 0.3 to 10 moles per mole of nitrogen oxides present in the flue gases, reacting the gaseous mixture over a catalyst at a temperature of about 150.degree. to 700.degree. C. and oxidizing the unreacted ammonia, if any, in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of about 150.degree. to 700.degree. C. to render the nocuous substances innocuous.

Abstract: To permit the processing of hydrogen sulfide-fixed nitrogen compound feed streams, e.g. H.sub.2 S-NH.sub.3 mixtures without causing plugging problems usually encountered in a Claus sulfur plant due to the formation of solid nitrogen sulfur salts, a first hydrogen sulfide feed containing substantial quantities of fixed nitrogen compounds, a portion of a second hydrogen sulfide feed essentially free of fixed nitrogen compounds and air are combined in a first thermal reaction zone where the amount of oxygen present is sufficient to achieve a high flame temperature for essentially complete conversion of the fixed nitrogen compounds to inert nitrogen, but insufficient to consume all of the hydrogen sulfide present. The effluent of the first reaction zone is combined with the balance of the second hydrogen sulfide feed in a second thermal reaction zone where hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide react to form sulfur.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for recovering vaporous metal halides, such as tin chloride, from a gaseous stream by introducing volatile amines, such as ammonia, into the stream to form a solid reaction product which is separated and recovered for reuse.

Abstract: Gases containing hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are purified by first washing the gas with a suspension of solid sulfur to fix the hydrogen cyanide as ammonium thiocyanate and ammonium thiosulfate. The resulting suspension is then subjected to a wet-oxidation wherein the thiosulfate and a part of the thiocyanate is converted into sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate afterwhich the resulting liquid containing unreacted thiocyanate is decomposed into an ammonium salt and is recovered from the oxidation and decomposition steps.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide and ammonia remaining in waste-gas after partial purification thereof, for example by means of ammonia or ammonium sulfite solutions, are withdrawn from said gas by washing with a diluted aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate; the resulting ammonium sulfite containing solution is oxidized thereafter either by means of air or in an electrochemical cell.