Abstract: The process purifies exhaust gas produced by combustion of waste materials including garbage, industrial wastes and/or sewage sludge. The exhaust gas is contaminated particularly with dust, SO.sub.2, HCl, HF, Hg, mercury compounds, and dioxins and furans and can be expected to have an oxygen content. In the process, the exhaust gas is treated in a spray absorber with a suspension of Ca(OH).sub.2 ; the exhaust gas is subsequently filtered in two successive filteration stages; the exhaust gas leaving the first filtering stage still has an SO.sub.2 content of from 20 to 500 mg/sm.sup.3 ; activated carbon, preferably hearth furnace coke, is introduced into the exhaust gas stream before the second filtering stage; and the exhaust gas is finally scrubbed with a mixture which contains water and NaOH, Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3, Ca(OH).sub.2 and CaCO.sub.3 in a dissolved or suspended state.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorine dioxide by moving fluid (such as air) relative to a first bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with sodium chlorine and/or zeolite crystals impregnated with chlorine, and by moving the fluid relative to a second bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with one of the following: phosphoric acid, acetic acid and citric acid. The first and second beds may be physically mixed together. A further aspect of the present invention relates to removing chlorine dioxide from a fluid by moving the fluid relative to a bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with one of the following: potassium hydroxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfate and ferrous sulfate. This method may be used to remove chlorine dioxide produced using the method for producing chlorine dioxide described above.

Abstract: Toxic metal vapor phase compounds, and in particular, mercury and cadmium, are removed from waste incinerator combustion gases by contact with dry alkaline material and dry activated carbon followed by solids separation. The resulting gas is subjected to quench/wet scrubbing with recycle hydrochloric acid solution formed in situ by absorption of HCl from the gas. Blowdown liquid withdrawn from the recycle acid liquor, may be recycled to the incinerator or further treated by neutralization, precipitation, and filtration of the precipitated toxic metals.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorine dioxide by moving fluid (such as air) relative to a first bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with sodium chlorite and/or zeolite crystals impregnated with chlorine, and by moving the fluid relative to a second bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with at least one of the following: phosphoric acid, acetic acid and citric acid. The first and second beds may be physically mixed together.

Abstract: Gas reacting apparatus and method are described for wet mass transfer of solute gases from a gas stream with a liquid or slurry reacting medium capable of chemisorption of solute gases in the gas stream. The apparatus comprises an elongated conduit means and plurality of dual-fluid spray means coaxially spaced in series within the conduit means and countercurrently or cocurrently directed to the gas stream for spraying the liquid or slurry reacting medium into the conduit means to form a plurality of spray contact zones of uniformly-distributed fine droplets, which may be in individual gas-liquid contact zones, wherein intimate contact of high interfacial surface area between the sprayed liquid or slurry and the gas stream is effected to remove solute gases from the gas stream. Such individual gas-liquid contact zones may be separated by demisters which agglomerate and remove liquid droplets from the gas stream before it passes to the next zone, with a demister also being provided at the outlet.

Abstract: A process for removing environmental contaminants from an exhaust gas by a semidry method through contact with an absorbent slurry containing alkaline compounds in a reactor, comprising the steps of adding a material containing calcium sulfate and/or calcium sulfite, a material containing aluminum oxide, and a material containing silicon dioxide to a material capable of supplying calcium oxide, mixing the mixture with water, curing the whole mixture in hot water, and then introducing and dispersing the resulting absorbent slurry in the reactor for contact with the environmental contaminants. In a modification the absorbent slurry is obtained by adding a material capable of supplying aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, and calcium sulfate and/or calcium sulfite to a material capable of supplying calcium oxide, calcining the mixture at 750.degree.-950.degree. C., mixing the calcined product with water, and curing the mixture in hot water.

Abstract: Halocarbon is carbonized at a temperature of at least 600.degree. C. in the presence of excess hydrogen and the absence of water to obtain carbon and anhydrous haloacid as the primary reaction products.

Abstract: The effluent stream from the treatment of glass with vapor-phase coating materials contains tin residues. By washing that effluent stream, in an apparatus having a scrubber bed and flow-control and -recycling means, with an acidic solution having a limited concentration of the tin residue, recovery efficiency of the post-coating treatment is improved, and process emissions are reduced.

Abstract: The disposal of troublesome substances, especially global-warming halogenated compounds is difficult enough, but is particularly difficult when associated with particulate-forming matter, such as silane and arsine commonly encountered in waste gas streams of the semiconductor industry. The combustive destruction of the troublesome substances in such a waste gas stream is simply and successfully achieved by injecting the stream admixed with fuel gas into a combustion zone surrounded by the radiant surface of a foraminous gas burner that is separately fed fuel gas and excess air sufficient to burn all the combustibles entering the combustion zone. A simple apparatus integrates the combustion zone with a quenching zone for the combustion product stream.

Abstract: An HCl adsorbent, and method of making and using the adsorbent, the adsorbent comprising an activated alumina promoted with an alkali metal in an amount such that if calculated as alkali metal oxide, the adsorbent contains at least about 5% by weight alkali metal oxide. The adsorbent is used for removal of HCl from a fluid stream.

Abstract: A method for reducing gaseous emission of halogen compounds in a fluidized bed reactor in which the fine particles entrained in flue gases are used to form a temporary layer of particles on the baghouse filter to absorb halogen gases.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved waste gas processing method and apparatus using reduced water to contact waste gas, thereby removing noxious substances therefrom or turning it into nontoxic gas. Also, inactivation of acid effect is advantageously caused, and hence, acid erosion which otherwise, would be caused by acid solution originating from the noxious substances can be prevented, and accordingly the life of installations is extended. Such inactivation of acid effect facilitates collection of acid solutions.

Abstract: Method for producing an industrial aqueous sodium chloride solution (22) in which an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (20) containing polyvalent metals and constituting a mother liquor obtained from the precipitation (14) of hydroxides of said metals from an aqueous solution (6) of hydrochloric acid is obtained from washing (3,4) fumes (1) containing hydrogen chloride and originating from the oxidation of chlorinated products, is treated on a chelating Na-type resin. The aqueous sodium chloride solution obtained in this manner has applications in the production of aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions by means of electrolysis or electrodialysis and in the production of sodium chloride crystals by means of evaporation.

Abstract: In the process for gasification of municipal waste plastic waste material pieces of about a 20 mm piece size are compressed and heated at a pressure of from 40 to 80 bar until at a temperature of from 230.degree. to 300.degree. C. to produce an HCl-containing gas and a plastic waste material containing less than 3000 mg of HCl per kg and the HCl-containing gas produced is washed with water to produce a hydrochloric acid solution. The plastic waste material is then heated further until at a temperature of from 400.degree. to 500.degree. C. to form a plastic melt having a viscosity of less than 300 cSt, advantageously less than 50 cSt. This plastic melt is gasified at a pressure of 4 bar with oxygen in a flame reaction to form a crude gas containing a preponderant proportion of CO in relation to CO.sub.2 in a gasification chamber having a central temperature of about 1600.degree. C. The crude gas is withdrawn from the gasification reactor at a temperature of 1300.degree. to 1600.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the degradation of highly toxic halogenated organic compounds, in particular polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF), contained in gases containing no SO.sub.2 by oxidation using preferably hydrogen peroxide. The SO.sub.2 -free gas is passed, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, over a substantially inorganic solid contact catalyst, in particular pyrogenic or precipitated silica or aluminum silicate. A residual PCDD/PCDF content of below 0.1 ng TE/Nm.sup.3 may be achieved in the thus treated gas; the highly toxic compounds are oxidized on the solid contact catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a catalyst composition for the destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The process includes the step of contacting the VOCs with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst which is a metal-exchanged, metal-impregnated aluminosilicate zeolite with at least one exchanged metal in the zeolite being selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mo, Mn, Pd, and Pt, and at least one impregnated metal in the zeolite being selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pd and Pt, and wherein the difference between the exchanged metal and the impregnated metal varies the temperature necessary to promote oxidation of the compounds and for a contact time sufficient to oxidize the compounds. The process reaction temperature can vary from about 100.degree. C. to about 650.degree. C. and the contact time can vary from about 0.01 to 20 seconds. Preferredly, the reaction temperature is from about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A method and device for treating a gas stream comprising at least one non-halogenated carbonaceous compound and optionally at least one halogenated organic compound. The gas stream, at 100.degree. C. to 650.degree. C. and in the presence of oxygen is contacted with a first catalyst in a first catalyst zone. The first catalyst comprises a first catalytic material deposited on a low acidity support material. In this zone, the non-halogenated compound is selectively reacted to form innocuous materials such as water and carbon monoxide. This can be followed by contacting the gas stream with a second catalyst in a second catalyst zone. The second catalyst comprises a second catalytic material deposited on a high acidity support material. In this zone, the halogenated organic compounds are reacted.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for making gases generated in the treatment of hydrogen chloride wastes harmless by neutralization and dissolving, and an apparatus thereof, and a suction-type solution filter container to be used, and providing to shape useful materials or components, such as activated carbon with excellent adsorbability, from the post-treated residues of the wastes. Hydrogen chloride wastes are put in the sealed container 1 and heated at 400.degree. C. or less without oxygen or with air-blocked condition; the gases from the wastes, such as chlorine or hydrogen chloride, are sucked to extract from the container; the extracted gases are introduced into the suction-type solution filter container with liquid filtration agents to pass therethrough; chlorine is removed and reduced in volume from the wastes in the sealed container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to be practiced in a gas purification apparatus that is suitable for contacting a chlorine-containing mixture of gases with carbon tetrachloride in order to remove one of the gases from the mixture. The gas removed can be either chlorine or another gas such as nitrogen trichloride. In the method of the invention, one of the gases is removed from the mixture in that apparatus without using carbon tetrachloride by contacting the chlorine-containing gas mixture in the apparatus with a chlorinated organic liquid which can either be chloroform or ethylene dichloride.

Abstract: A purification method and apparatus for creating ultra-purity chemicals for semiconductor processing. The purification method includes a step of expanding an ESG chemical through an orifice (17) inside a condenser (21) to a partial condensed state for removing impurities from ESG chemical. During the expansion step, the higher boiling point impurities remain in the liquid phase and the impurities in the vapor phase are removed at least in part by a scavenging technique. After purification, the ultra-purified gas is transferred to a semiconductor manufacturing operation (24). The manufacturing operation includes both dry and wet processes. The method may also be integrated into a large volume on-site purification system (30), on-line point of use purifier (50), or small volume trans-filling purification system (70).

Abstract: A process for destructively scrubbing methyl chloride gas comprising contacting the gas with a scrubbing solution comprising ethanolamine is described.

Abstract: Surfaces contaminated with chloromethylmethyl ether and bis-chloromethyl ether may be decontaminated by treating them with an aqueous solution of a basic organic amine, for example a tertiary amine, a nonionic surfactant and an alkali-metal hydroxide.

Abstract: An off-gas quencher and solid recovery scrubber unit includes a wet flue gas scrubber which has the dual responsibilities of lowering the temperature of the inlet hot gas entering through the scrubber and trapping contaminants from the gas stream into the liquid stream. The hot exhaust gases are first cooled by evaporating the liquid scrubber solution. The contaminants of the exhaust gas are neutralized by a suitable reagent such as sodium hydroxide and the product is collected in the scrubbing solution. Since the solution is continuously recycled, the concentration of the scrubbing agent will be diminished as the scrubbing proceeds, while the concentration of the scrubbing product in the solution will rise to the solubility limit of the product. The scrubbing products start to precipitate and are collected at the bottom of the scrubber and are withdrawn. The scrubbing reagents are continuously replenished to the scrubber.

Abstract: In a method for purifying a carbon-containing adsorption medium used for treating flue gases within a flue gas scrubbing process the adsorption medium is introduced into an adsorption medium reactor where the adsorption medium adsorbs pollutants from the flue gas. The adsorption medium laden with pollutants is then removed from the adsorption medium reactor and conveyed into a thermal regeneration apparatus. At temperatures of 350.degree. to 650.degree. C. the pollutants are desorbed in the thermal regeneration apparatus, resulting in a desorption gas. In the desorbing step, pollutants in the form of heavy metals are vaporized and pollutants other than heavy metals are released from the adsorption medium and optionally decomposed. The desorption gas is then guided into an adsorption apparatus where the heavy metals are removed from the desorption gas by adsorption.

Abstract: A continuous process for purifying an off-gas which contains CO.sub.2 and HCl and COCl.sub.2. The process comprises passing the off-gas through a separator filled with N,N-dialkylformamide and HCl. This causes a reaction between the COCl.sub.2 and the N,N-dialkylformamide to give the Vilsmeier complex (adduct of COCl.sub.2 and dialkylformamide) and CO.sub.2. The CO.sub.2 leaving the separator contains small amounts of HCl.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a dilute solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal chlorate from a chlorine and carbon dioxide waste gaseous stream. The process of the invention can be combined in a continuous process for the production of an alkali or alkaline earth metal chlorate for use in a chlorine dioxide generator for the production of chlorine dioxide in which the waste gaseous stream from the chlorine dioxide generator is converted to a dilute solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal chlorate and passed to an electrochemical cell for the generation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal sodium chlorate, the product of the electrochemical cell being in turn passed to the chlorine dioxide generator.

Abstract: A solute gas absorbing procedure employs a parallel flow of liquid absorbing medium to dual-fluid spray nozzles from which are formed fine droplet sprays in which the solute gas is absorbed. The invention is particularly applicable to the removal of acid gases, such as SO.sub.2, using regenerable aqueous alkaline absorbing media, such as amines or amine salts.

Abstract: A process, for purification of a combustion flue gas from a garbage incineration plant having a chloride content and further contaminated with HF, SO.sub.2, NO.sub.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing halogenated organic compounds comprising passing a mixture of the halogenated organic compound and excess oxygen over a catalyst comprising a carbonaceous material under mild reaction conditions. The temperature of the reaction is below 400.degree. C. and the catalyst may be doped with acidic redox-active metal compounds.

Abstract: A macroreticulate polymer is provided for removing water vapor and oxidants from a gas having the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is a heteroaromatic moiety, M is bonded to the heteroaromatic moiety and is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, alkyl magnesium, alkyl zinc, and dialkylaluminum, R is an organic moiety and R.sub.1 is a polymerized moiety forming the molecular backbone of said polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of effectively absorbing and decomposing a halogenated hydrocarbon so as not to exhaust it in the air. The present invention provides a process for treating a gas containing halogenated hydrocarbon, which comprises the following steps:(a) the gas containing halogenated hydrocarbon is contacted with a solution which contains an aprotic polar compound having a 5 or 6 membered ring and a nitrogen at an alpha-position of a carbonyl, to absorb and recover a portion of the halogenated hydrocarbon, and(b) the gas, which is exhausted from the step (a) and still contains halogenated hydrocarbon, is contacted, with heating, with a mixture solution of an aprotic polar compound and a caustic alkali to decompose the halogenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A method for cleaning an exhaust gas containing ammonia and at least one silicon-containing compound selected from the group consisting of silane and chlorosilanes, which comprises contacting the exhaust gas with a scavenger comprising a metal salt which forms tight complexes with ammonia. This ammine-forming metal salt may be immobilized on a porous solid support. Suitable ammine-forming metal salts include the sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, and hydroxides of copper, cobalt, iron, and nickel. Suitable supports include materials which are compatible with the gas mixtures being cleaned and the reaction products of the sorption process and which are stable under the conditions of use. Useful support materials include zeolites, aluminosilicates, alumina, silica, silica gel, kieselguhr, and activated carbon.

Abstract: A method of treating a gas based on fluorine and containing hydrofluoric acid, and which may optionally contain condensable gaseous compounds, especially uranium compounds, and non-condensable gases. The gas is refrigerated to obtain a gaseous component containing fluorine and any non-condensable gases present, and a liquid phase containing liquid HF and condensable compounds in solution and/or suspension. The liquid phase is filtered to recover the compounds in suspension.

Abstract: A method of saturating and humidifying the incoming flue gas of a flue gas desulfurization process without the need for underspray headers or the like. Initial humidification occurs by passing the incoming flue gas through a continuous liquid curtain of recycled bottoms product falling from an awning over the flue gas inlet. Further saturation and humidification occurs by causing recycled bottoms product to fall or rain from an overhead tray or grid onto the flue gas prior to passing through the tray or grid. In order to accomplish such humidification, there is an unobstructed passageway between the flue gas inlet and the lowermost tray or grid.

Abstract: A new class of metal-exchanged, metal-impregnated zeolite catalysts has been prepared for the oxidation of halogenated organics including chlorinated, fluorinated and chloro/fluoro hydrocarbons. These catalysts are supported or unsupported, comprising from 0 weight percent, hereinafter wt.%, to about 95 wt. % of a binder, from about 10 wt. % to about 95 wt. % of a metal-exchanged zeolite, and from about 0.2 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of an impregnating metal compound, said percentage being calculated as the metal loading on an oxide basis, where the metal in the metal-exchanged zeolite can be selected from the representative and illustrative group consisting of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mo, and Mn and the impregnating metal compound can be selected from the representative and illustrative group consisting of compounds of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pd, and Pt.

Abstract: A method is provided wherein the equilibrium HF concentration in the mixture of HF, sulfuric acid and water fed to an HF reaction furnace is greatly reduced by injecting a controlled amount of steam into an HF-removal process wherein the sulfuric acid mixture is also contacted with the hot HF gas leaving the HF reaction furnace. Reducing the HF concentration in this manner significantly improves furnace performance.The purpose of injecting steam is to adjust the water content of the mixture to the optimum value (about 12.5 weight percent) for HF removal, as well as to supply the heat required for HF removal without the need for an indirect heat exchanger.An additional advantage to this method is that since direct steam injection adds water to the process, in order to keep the furnace feed acid water concentration at the desirable level of less than 1%, oleum or SO.sub.3 must be added to react with the excess water. Since the reaction of water and SO.sub.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removal of PCBs or similar refractory organic substances from solid surfaces, such as soil or hardware, e.g., capacitors and transformers containing a charge or residue of PCB or similar fluids. Such toxic substances are volatilized from substrates contaminated therewith by contacting them with carrier gas, such as a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam. The carrier gas and volatilized components are introduced into a partial oxidation zone of a gas generator where PCBs are completely destroyed at a temperature range of 2800.degree. F. to 3500.degree. F.

Abstract: A treatment equipment of exhaust gas containing organic halogen compounds using a catalytic decomposition unit packed with decomposition catalyst for organic halogen compounds having strong acidic sites and a wash tower for removing hydrogen halide gas generated by the decomposition of the organic halogen compounds.

Abstract: Highly active amorphous alloy catalysts for use in decomposing of flons into hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide by the reaction of flons with water, consist of at least one element selected from the group of Ni and Co, at least one element selected from the group of Nb, Ta, Ti and Zr, which are effective for the formation of the amorphous structure by coexisting with at least one element selected from the group of Ni and Co, and at least one element selected from the group of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, which are necessary for the high catalytic activity. The alloys are activated by immersion into hydrofluoric acids.

Abstract: A method for treating the combustion gases produced by the incineration of industrial waste and the like is disclosed wherein the gases are sprayed with H.sub.2 O to form a saturated aqueous vapor that absorbs the noxious materials in the gases, and wherein the vapor is then sprayed with neutralizing agent as it passes through a succession of neutralizing chambers.

Abstract: To remove phosgene from off-gases, the former is reacted in a washing zone with a liquid which contains or is composed of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are each aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- where n is 4 or 5, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- where m is 3, 4 or 5.The liquid can be regenerated by the addition of water, and the regenerated liquid can be returned to the washing zone.

Abstract: A waste disposal site, such as an ultimate disposal site for radioactive substances, includes installed waste having hollow spaces remaining therebetween. Packing material fills the remaining spaces. At least one substance to which gaseous toxic substances such as radioactive gases adhere, is admixed with the packing material.

Abstract: For the purposes of solving a problem due to a fly ash and HF in an exhaust gas, maintaining the activity of calcium carbonate as an absorbent, and recovering a high-purity gypsum, there is here provided a method for desulfurizing an exhaust smoke which comprises the steps of leading the exhaust gas containing the fly ash to a gas absorbing step, removing SO.sub.2 and the fly ash from the exhaust gas by the use of an absorbing solution slurry containing calcium carbonate as an absorbent in the gas absorbing step, and blowing air into the absorbing solution slurry circulating through the gas absorbing step to oxidize it and to thereby produce the gypsum, the aforesaid method being characterized by drawing a portion of the absorbing solution slurry therefrom, leading it to a magnetic field to separate and recover the fly ash from the absorbing solution slurry, and then returning, to the gas absorbing step, a portion or all of the absorbing solution slurry from which the fly ash has been separated.

Abstract: A method for purifying flue-gasses and other hot, oxidative waste gasses originating from industrial installations, combustion furnaces, engines and the like, whereby the hot gas to be purified is passed through at least one spraying chamber or -area and is contacted therein with a gas washing liquid, which is sprayed into the hot gas flow and cools the gas to below 100.degree. C., whereby residual liquids with a high C.Z.V.-value, which comprise complex builders, compounds of heavy metals, sulphur- and nitrogen compounds, and originating amongst others from fixing-baths and the like from the photographic, photochemical and galvanic industries, are used as gas washing liquid.

Abstract: A method of diminishing the amount of chlorinated organics released to the atmosphere in the incineration of wastes which includes injecting calcium-based sorbents into the flue gas to react with HCl to form calcium-chlorine compounds to remove the HCl from the flue gas and prevent it from forming the chlorinated organics. The flue gas carries the sorbent from the injection zone to the reactive temperature zone quickly enough such that the sorbent is not exposed to temperatures which would degrade the effectiveness of the sorbent, the reactive temperature zone being in the range of 300.degree. C. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: Aqueous hydrochloric acid of very high purity can be obtained in a process for purifying crude aqueous 5 to 20 wt. % hydrochloric acid. In the purification, process water or a water/HCl mixture is evaporated from the crude aqueous hydrochloric acid at a pressure of from 0.01 to 1.0 bar and a temperature of from 10.degree. to 100.degree. C. until a crude, azeotropic mixture of water and HCl is obtained. The crude, azeotropic mixture of water and HCl is distilled in a distillation apparatus at a pressure of from 0.1 to 1.5 bar and a temperature of from 50.degree. to 110.degree. C. A purified gaseous, azeotropic mixture of water and HCl is recovered from the head of the distillation apparatus and a liquid mixture is left at the bottom of the distillation apparatus. The liquid mixture which is left at the bottom of the distillation apparatus is distilled at a pressure of from 0.5 to 2.5 bar and a temperature of from 80.degree. to 130.degree. C.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for eliminating unwanted materials, such as corrosive gases, from an effluent gas flow line includes a reactive trap wherein chemical reaction between the unwanted material, a reactant gas and a reactive element takes place under induced plasma conditions. A ballast gas may be added to adjust operating pressures and to aid in creating the plasma. The reactant gas and the reactive element are selected so that relative harmless by-products are produced. The reactive element is preferably maintained at a temperature of approximately 400.degree. C. and the chemical by-products are passed through a condensation element in the reactive trap which element is maintained at approximately 30.degree. C. Preferably, the plasma is induced by a microwave transmitter in conjunction with a waveguide inserted into a reactive trap, and a control system automatically monitors and adjusts the temperature and pressure of the reaction as well as controls the ratio of effluent gas and ballast gas.

Abstract: A process for producing a chlorine-free hydrochloric acid low in AOX from crude gases containing hydrogen chloride and organic impurities has been found. The crude gases wer subjected to a thermal treatment at 800.degree. to 1600.degree. in a reducing atmosphere. The hydrochloric acid obtained after absorption of the hydrogen chloride is chlorine-free and contains virtually no organic impurities. The waste gas is also chlorine-free.

Abstract: A process for removing halogen gases from a gas stream containing carbon dioxide such as flue gas from an industrial waste incinerator burning chlorinated organic wastes, the process includes seven steps. The first step is to flow fresh absorption liquor to a gas-liquid contactor (such as a column packed with pall rings) the fresh absorption liquor containing water, base and thiosulfate (such as sodium carbonate and sodium thiosulfate). The second step is to flow the gas stream to the gas-liquid contactor. The third step is to contact the fresh absorption liquor and the gas stream in the gas-liquid contactor to form a contacted gas stream and a contacted absorption liquor. The fourth step is to flow the contacted gas stream from the gas-liquid contactor to form an exhaust gas stream from the process. The fifth step is to flow the contacted absorption liquor from the gas-liquid contactor to form used absorption liquor.

Abstract: The invention is a method for reducing the hydrogen chloride content of a synthesis gas stream by (a) gasifying a carbonaceous feed material in an entrained flow gasifier to produce a gas/solids mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride gas, and flyslag particles; (b) passing the gas/solids mixture solids removal zone where at least a portion of the flyslag particles are removed, to produce a gas stream; (c) mixing with the gas stream an alkali metal oxide, hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate to produce a metals/gas mixture; (d) passing the metals/gas mixture to a ceramic candle filter; (e) reacting on the surface of the ceramic candle filter the alkali metal compounds with the hydrogen chloride to produce solid alkali metal chloride; and (f) recovering a gas stream from the ceramic candle filter substantially free of hydrogen chloride and solids.