Abstract: A method and system for preventing exclusions in an air quality control system (AQCS) of a type having a scrubber, either a circulating fluidized bed (CFB), transport reactor (TR) or spray-dryer absorber SDA, and in all three cases with a flue gas recirculation FGR system. The invention automatically pre-heats flue gas recirculated to the input of the CFB/TR/SDA scrubber during periods of low temperature operation. The system supplements the “traditional” gas recirculation scheme with heater(s) that are used during periods of low temperature. During periods of low load conditions, the system monitors the SDA/TR/CFB inlet temperature and, when it falls below a setpoint, the control system increases the heat input of the pre-heater(s) in the FGR system in order to maintain a minimum inlet temperature.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an improved means of controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired boiler applications. Specifically, the disclosure comprises a static mixing device placed in the flue gas stream. The static mixing device can enhance dispersion of injected sorbents in the flue gas, resulting in improved mercury capture at a lower sorbent injection rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing sulfur from a gaseous or liquid mixture. This method involves contacting the gaseous or liquid mixture with an iron-enriched matrix under conditions effective to remove sulfur from the mixture through adsorption of the sulfur to the matrix. The iron-enriched matrix used in this method is a lignocellulosic material that is enriched with iron. The present invention also relates to a system, composition, and plant fertilizer that contain the iron-enriched matrix. Methods of making the composition and preparing a plant fertilizer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the catalytic removal of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide from waste gases in a reactor charged with an activated carbon catalyst, includes saturating the activated carbon with SO2, saturating or partially saturating waste gases with water, introducing the waste gases with water, introducing the exhaust gases into the reactor catal ticall convertin the SO2 into H2SO4 and CO2 into C and O2 and into sulphur-carbon compounds on the same catalyst, washing out the catalyst and discharging the H2SO4 as a liquid and the C as a solid and/or bound to sulphur compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbonaceous oil. In one aspect, solid carbon materials are provided having stable sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidative species on the surface thereof. Such materials are useful in the production of low sulfur hydrocarbon feedstocks and in the removal of refractory sulfur compounds.

Abstract: A reaction-based process has been developed for the selective removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from a multicomponent gas mixture to provide a gaseous stream depleted in CO2 compared to the inlet CO2 concentration in the stream. The proposed process effects the separation of CO2 from a mixture of gases (such as flue gas/fuel gas) by its reaction with metal oxides (such as calcium oxide). The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO2 (CaRS—CO2) process consists of contacting a CO2 laden gas with calcium oxide (CaO) in a reactor such that CaO captures the CO2 by the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCOa). Once “spent”, CaCO3 is regenerated by its calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent and the evolution of a concentrated stream of CO2. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of more CO2. This carbonation-calcination cycle forms the basis of the CaRS—CO2 process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbonaceous oil. In one aspect, solid carbon materials are provided having stable sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidative species on the surface thereof. Such materials are useful in the production of low sulfur hydrocarbon feedstocks and in the removal of refractory sulfur compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing sulfur from a gaseous or liquid mixture. This method involves contacting the gaseous or liquid mixture with an iron-enriched matrix under conditions effective to remove sulfur from the mixture through adsorption of the sulfur to the matrix. The iron-enriched matrix used in this method is a lignocellulosic material that is enriched with iron. The present invention also relates to a system, composition, and plant fertilizer that contain the iron-enriched matrix. Methods of making the composition and preparing a plant fertilizer are also disclosed.

Abstract: Mixing small amounts of an inorganic halide, such as NaCl, to basic copper carbonate followed by calcination at a temperature sufficient to decompose the carbonate results in a significant improvement in resistance to reduction of the resulting copper oxide. The introduction of the halide can be also achieved during the precipitation of the carbonate precursor. These reduction resistant copper oxides can be in the form of composites with alumina and are especially useful for purification of gas or liquid streams containing hydrogen or other reducing agents. These reduction resistant copper oxides can function at near ambient temperatures.

Abstract: A system and method for removing sulfur-containing contaminants from indoor air includes a panel system having a first layer and a second layer. The first layer can include a base media onto which sodium bicarbonate is attached. The second layer can include a base media onto which activated carbon is attached. Indoor air including sulfur-containing contaminants can contact and pass through the first layer. Sulfuric acid can react with the sodium bicarbonate to produce sodium sulfate, which can, in turn, act as a drying agent for organic sulfur-containing contaminants in the indoor air, such as carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide. As a result of such drying, the second layer can more effectively trap and/or bind (adsorb) the organic sulfur-containing contaminants so that these contaminants are removed from the contaminated air. The treated air can be returned to an indoor space of the structure.

Abstract: An activated carbon-metal oxide matrix is disclosed. The activated carbon-metal oxide matrix may be obtained by a method including the steps of: preoxidizing a carbon material, grinding the preoxidized carbon material; mixing the ground preoxidized material with a metal oxide to form a carbon mixture; extruding the carbon mixture; carbonizing and activating the extrudate. The activated carbon-metal oxide matrix may be used to remove odorous compounds, acidic gases, and volatile organic compounds from a gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbonaceous oil. In one aspect, solid carbon materials are provided having stable sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidative species on the surface thereof. Such materials are useful in the production of low sulfur hydrocarbon feedstocks and in the removal of refractory sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Process for removing sulfur oxides, mercury vapor, and fine particulate matters from industrial flue gases that contain such pollutants. Pollutants are removed by modules, which contain microporous adsorbent (i.e., sorbent) material held within a polymer matrix. The composite material that contains the microporous absorbent material held within a polymer matrix removes sulfur oxides by converting them into high concentration sulfuric acids. SULFURIC acid produced inside the composite material is automatically expelled onto the external surfaces of the composite material and is drained into an acid reservoir together with the fine particulate mailers which are washed from the external surfaces of the composite material by the constant dripping of the sulfuric acid along the external surfaces of the composite material.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization apparatus includes at least one activated carbon fiber board 20 provided in a catalyst unit 6, the board being formed by alternatingly juxtaposing one or more plate-like activated carbon fiber sheets and one or more corrugated activated carbon fiber sheets so as to provide vertically extending conduits, wherein water for producing sulfuric acid is supplied, through a capillary phenomenon, to the activated carbon fiber board 20 provided in the catalyst unit 6. The flue gas desulfurization apparatus attains removal of sulfur oxides (SOx) by adding a minimum required amount of water to the activated carbon fiber board 20 so as to attain uniform water distribution and can reduce the amount of water required for removing sulfur oxides (SOx).

Abstract: Recovering sulfur from a gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide by oxidizing the gas stream to convert the hydrogen sulfide in the gas stream to sulfur oxide, and thus form a sulfur oxide enriched gas stream. The sulfur oxide enriched gas stream is contacted with a solid, sulfation resistant adsorbent bed at relatively low temperatures to extract the sulfur oxides and retain them as sulfur compounds, thus forming a sulfur oxide depleted gas stream. The adsorbent bed is then contacted with an inert or reducing gas stream to reduce the retained sulfur compounds to sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide and thereby form an enriched sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide bearing stream. The elemental sulfur is recovered and/or the sulfur dioxide bearing stream may be recycled to the Claus unit for further conversion.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide emissions are reduced in manufacturing processes, including titanium tetrachloride production processes. Gas is contacted with CO, COS, and an oxygen-containing gas with a suitable catalyst. The catalyst may be a metal oxide catalyst containing bismuth, cobalt and nickel, a xerogel or aerogel catalyst containing Au, Rh, Ru and Co in aluminum oxide/oxyhydroxide matrices, or a supported metal catalyst that contains at least one metal from the group Pd, Rh, Ru and Cu. In the latter case, the catalyst support is contains alumina or carbon. A catalyst composite of Au, Rh, Ru and Cr, and cerium oxide and lanthanum oxide may also be used.

Abstract: An activated carbon-metal oxide matrix is disclosed. The activated carbon-metal oxide matrix may be obtained by a method including the steps of: preoxidizing a carbon material, grinding the preoxidized carbon material; mixing the ground preoxidized material with a metal oxide to form a carbon mixture; extruding the carbon mixture; carbonizing and activating the extrudate. The activated carbon-metal oxide matrix may be used to remove odorous compounds, acidic gases, and volatile organic compounds from a gas.

Abstract: A method of making an adsorbent which includes: a) thermally drying dewatered sewage sludge to form granulated organic fertilizer; b) treating the fertilizer with mineral oil; and c) pyrolyzing the treated fertilizer at temperatures between about 600° C. and about 1000° C. The disclosure is also directed to adsorbents made by this method and to the processes of removing acidic gas or gases from wet gas streams by putting an adsorbent in contact with the wet gas stream and allowing the adsorbent to adsorb the acidic gas or gases.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization apparatus includes at least one activated carbon fiber board 20 provided in a catalyst unit 6, the board being formed by alternatingly juxtaposing one or more plate-like activated carbon fiber sheets and one or more corrugated activated carbon fiber sheets so as to provide vertically extending conduits, wherein water for producing sulfuric acid is supplied, through a capillary phenomenon, to the activated carbon fiber board 20 provided in the catalyst unit 6. The flue gas desulfurization apparatus attains removal of sulfur oxides (SOx) by adding a minimum required amount of water to the activated carbon fiber board 20 so as to attain uniform water distribution and can reduce the amount of water required for removing sulfur oxides (SOx).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of carbon monoxide gas (CO gas) that is free of sulfur compounds to the greatest possible extent and a process to use that gas in chemical syntheses, for example, for the synthesis of phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine.

Abstract: A flue gas processing apparatus for removing sulfur oxide contained in a gas, including a desulfurization tower through which the gas flows, the desulfurization tower including a catalyst unit having at least one activated carbon fiber board which adsorbs the sulfur oxide and a water-supply device configured to supply water to the catalyst unit so as to form sulfuric acid from the sulfur oxide adsorbed to the at least one activated carbon fiber board, the water-supply device being positioned above the catalyst unit in the desulfurization tower, and a pressurizing device configured to apply pressure to the gas supplied to the desulfurization tower so as to flow the gas through the catalyst unit by the pressure.

Abstract: An activated carbon-metal oxide matrix is disclosed. The activated carbon-metal oxide matrix may by obtained by a method including the steps of: preoxidizing a carbon material, grinding the preoxidized carbon material; mixing the ground preoxidized material with a metal oxide to form a carbon mixture; extruding the carbon mixture; carbonizing and activating the extrudate. The activated carbon-metal oxide matrix may be used to remove odorous compounds, acidic gases, and volatile organic compounds from a gas.

Abstract: An active carbon for use in the treatment of exhaust gas can be obtained by heat-treating a starting active carbon fiber derived from polyacrylonitrile, pitch or the like or a starting particulate active carbon in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The heat-treating temperature is preferably in the range of 600 to 1,200 ° C. for use in the desulfurization of exhaust gas, and in range of 600 to 1,000° C. for use in the denitration of exhaust gas. By using the resulting heat-treated active carbon for the purpose of desulfurization, the sulfur oxide concentration in exhaust gas can be reduced to 5 ppm or below. Moreover, by using the heat-treated active carbon in combination with conventional denitration based on selective catalytic reduction, the nitrogen oxide concentration in exhaust gas can be reduced to 1 ppm or below.

Abstract: The invention provides a flue gas processing apparatus including a catalyst unit (6) formed of at least one activated carbon fiber board (20), and water-supply means (7) for supplying, to the catalyst unit (6), water for forming sulfuric acid, the catalyst unit (6) being provided in the apparatus in the form of a tower (4) through which a discharge gas containing sulfur oxide passes, the water-supply means (7) being provided above the catalyst unit (6) or in an upper section of the unit (6) and in the apparatus in the form of a tower (4), wherein the activated carbon fiber board (20) provided in the catalyst unit is formed by alternatingly juxtaposing one or more plate-like activated carbon fiber sheets (21) and one or more corrugated activated carbon fiber sheets (22) so as to provide vertically extending conduits (15), and the flue gas processing apparatus includes pressurizing means (3) for applying pressure to the discharge gas, to thereby cause the gas to pass through the conduits (15) of the catalyst un

Abstract: Method for cleaning the atmosphere by adsorbing pollutants, e.g., hydrocarbons, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, etc., contained in the atmosphere. The pollutant-containing atmosphere is contacted with an outer surface of a substrate, e.g., radiators, condensers, charge air coolers, transmission coolers, etc., which has been coated with an adsorptive material such as zeolites, molecular sieves, carbon, etc. The coated substrate is protected with an overcoat of at least one porous protective material such as alumina, silica and the like, such that the pollutants will come into contact with the adsorptive material, but harmful contaminants will be prevented from contacting the adsorptive material.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of sulphur trioxide, solutions of sulphuric acid, or organic derivatives thereof, using organic compounds and/or supercritical fluids, and catalyst. The process comprises the steps of passing a mixture of SO2 and an oxygen-containing gas over an activated carbon catalyst at a temperature of at least 15° C. and preferably at a pressure of 1-200 atmospheres, and stripping the activated carbon with either (i) a liquid organic compound selected from the group consisting of ketones, ethers, decalin, tetrahydrofurans, sulpholanes, glymes and formamides and which is non-reactive with sulphur trioxide or sulphuric acid, or (ii) a liquid organic compound capable of forming organic sulphates or sulphonates by reaction with sulphur trioxide or sulphuric acid. The process may be used to obtain sulphuric acid, or organic sulphates or sulphonates.