Abstract: The photocatalytic apatite composition and its production method are disclosed. The photocatalytic apatite comprises a photocatalytic apatite having incorporated into the apatite crystal structure thereof a metal oxide having a photocatalytic action, such as titanium oxide, and a metal ion having an antimicrobial property, such as a silver ion or a copper ion. The photocatalyst apatite composition is capable of maintaining excellent decomposition and adsorption properties for various organic materials such as VOCs or specific adsorbing substances such as a virus for a long time and, at the same time, expressing an excellent antimicrobial property in a dark place as well as under daylight.

Abstract: The rod-shaped apatite crystals of the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH)xFy have the following features a) the length-to-breadth ratio of the crystals is at least ?5 and b) x+y=1, where if x or y?0 the total amount of the crystals is present as a mixture of individual hydroxyapatite crystals and fluoroapatite crystals and/or as mixed crystals, such that, based on the total amount of the crystals, (1?x)·100% of the hydroxide ions present if y=0 are replaced by fluoride ions. The invention furthermore describes dispersions which contain such rod-shaped apatite crystals, and a process for the preparation of the dispersions or of the apatite crystals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to acids of the general formula [I], [RyPF6-y]?H+ [I], where y=1, 2 or 3, and in which the ligands R may be identical or different and R is a perfluorinated C1-8-alkyl or aryl group or R is a partially fluorinated C1-8-alkyl or aryl group, in which some of the F or H may have been substituted by chlorine. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the acids according to the invention, to salts comprising a cation and the anion of the acid according to the invention, and to a process for the preparation of the salts. The invention furthermore relates to the use of the acids and salts according to the invention.

Abstract: A primary antibody bead suspension for an enzyme-linked immunoassay (“ELISA”) procedure is formed of a quantity of primary antibody coated magnetic beads (3) uniformly dispersed and held in suspension (9) by a thixotropic non-Newtonian fluid (1). To remove the thixotropic non-Newtonian fluid prior to application in the ELISA procedure, a magnet (12) is placed against the side of the non-magnetic vessel (9) holding the suspension to draw the magnetic beads against the side while the thixotropic fluid is washed away by pumping (14,16,15& 17) and replaced by a saline buffer solution.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrochemical cell which includes a first electrode and a second electrode which is a counter electrode to said first electrode, and an electrolyte material interposed there between. The first electrode comprises an electrode active material represented by the general nominal formula Aa[Mm,MIn,MIIo](XY4)dZe, wherein at least one of M, MI and MII is a redox active element, 0<m,n,o?4, and ½[V(MI)+V(MII)]=V(M), wherein V(M) is the valence state of M, V(MI) is the valence state of MI, and V(MII) is the valence state of MII.

Abstract: In order to provide a method for producing lithium hexafluorophosphate capable of producing lithium hexafluorophosphate of a higher purity than in the related art without the necessity for after-treatment for removal of impurities, a method is characterized by filtering lithium hexafluorophosphate coexisting with a solvent and then carrying out after-filtering drying in a gas atmosphere containing PF5.

Abstract: A method of purifying lithium hexafluorophosphate that allows to purify lithium hexafluorophosphate, useful as lithium secondary cell electrolyte, organic synthesis medium or the like, to an extremely high purity is provided. Lithium hexafluorophosphate containing harmful impurities such as oxyfluoride, lithium fluoride is purified by adding phosphoric chloride. The purification is performed in the presence of phosphoric chloride and hydrogen fluoride of the quantity equal or superior to the equivalent amount for reacting them, and then by converting lithium fluoride lithium hexafluorophosphate with generated phosphor pentafluoride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluoroalkyl phosphates, to a process for the preparation, and to their use as conductive salts in batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and galvanic cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of LiPF6 (lithium hexafluoro phosphate) wherein equimolar quantities of pure dry AR lithium source such as Li2O or Li2CO3 or LiNO3 is mixed with (very pure dry and AR samples) diammonium hydrogen phosphate in solid state.

Abstract: Fluorinated phosphonic acid compounds, useful as treatments for substrate surfaces, have the formula: wherein: R1 is a straight chain alkylene group having from about 3 to about 21 carbon atoms, an oxa-substituted straight chain alkylene group having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, or a thia-substituted straight chain alkylene group having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms; R2 is a perfluoroalkyl group having from about 4 to about 10 carbon atoms; R3 is hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and M is hydrogen or an alkali metal cation, with the proviso that if R1 is an unsubstituted straight chain alkylene group, then the sum of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 combined is at least 10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of fluoroalkylphosphate salts and polymers, methods of producing same, and their use in electrolytes, batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and galvanic cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for the purification of gaseous inorganic halides utilizing a reactive metal and molecular sieves to remove impurities.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for making lithium mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells. The lithium mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. The invention involves the reaction of a metal compound, a phosphate compound, with a reducing agent to reduce the metal and form a metal phosphate. The invention also includes methods of making lithium metal oxides involving reaction of a lithium compound, a metal oxide with a reducing agent.

Abstract: The preparation of phosphorus pentafluoride and arsenic pentafluoride by reacting corresponding trihalides with elemental chlorine, bromine or iodine and also with hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of LiPF6 (lithium hexafluoro phosphate) wherein equimolar quantities of pure dry AR lithium source such as Li2O or Li2CO3 or LiNO3 is mixed with (very pure dry and AR samples) diammonium hydrogen phosphate in solid state.

Abstract: A method of purifying lithium hexafluorophosphate that allows to purify lithium hexafluorophosphate, useful as lithium secondary cell electrolyte, organic synthesis medium or the like, to an extremely high purity is provided. Lithium hexafluorophosphate containing harmful impurities such as oxyfluoride, lithium fluoride is purified by adding phosphoric chloride. The purification is performed in the presence of phosphoric chloride and hydrogen fluoride of the quantity equal or superior to the equivalent amount for reacting them, and then by converting lithium fluoride lithium hexafluorophosphate with generated phosphor pentafluoride.

Abstract: In order to provide a method for producing lithium hexafluorophosphate capable of producing lithium hexafluorophosphate of a higher purity than in the related art without the necessity for after-treatment for removal of impurities, a method is characterized by filtering lithium hexafluorophosphate coexisting with a solvent and then carrying out after-filtering drying in a gas atmosphere containing PF5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing hexafluorophosphoric acid complexed with about 1 to 3.3 molecules of water which are stable at temperatures below 20° C. and the compositions prepared thereby.

Abstract: A method of purifying lithium hexafluorosphate that allows to purify lithium hexafluorophosphate, useful as lithium secondary cell electrolyte, organic synthesis medium or the like, to an extremely high purity is provided. Lithium hexafluorophosphate containing harmful impurities such as oxyfluoride, lithium fluoride is purified by adding phosphoric chloride. The purification is performed in the presence of phosphoric chloride and hydrogen fluoride of the quantity equal or superior to the equivalent amount for reacting them, and then by converting lithium fluoride to lithium hexafluorophosphate with generated phosphor pentafluoride.

Abstract: The process consists in manufacturing LiPF6 by reacting LiF with PF5 in liquid sulphur dioxide (SO2). The LiPF6, obtained in a yield of 99.5% relative to the LiF reacted, has a purity of greater than or equal to 99.90% according to the assays carried out.

Abstract: A process for removing impurities contained in the crystal lattice of minerals, comprising the steps of forming a mixture of a mineral capable of structurally reorganizing its crystal lattice which contains an impurity in its crystal lattice and a halogen anion, and water; heating the mixture to the mineral's structural reorganization transition temperature; holding the mixture at the structural reorganization transition temperature for a sufficient period of time to allow the impurity to freely migrate from the lattice to combine with the halogen anion; and separating the combined impurity and anion from the mixture to render the mineral essentially free of the impurity. The process is applicable to numerous minerals and impurities, but is especially useful to remove arsenic from fluorspar. Numerous halogen anions can be employed, such as chlorides, fluorides, bromides and iodides, but the preferred halogen anion is a metal chloride such as calcium chloride.

Abstract: Processes are provided for preparation of precursors of Group III-V compounds, i.e., nitrides, phosphides, arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of boron, aluminum, gallium and indium. The precursors are easily converted, e.g., by thermal decomposition, to the Group III-V compounds which are useful as thin-film coatings for aerospace components or as powders which may be shaped as desired.

Abstract: A method of preparing lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) using phosphorous pentachloride (PCl5), lithium chloride (LiCl), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) as raw materials. The method includes the steps of: (a) reacting the phosphorous pentafluoride with the hydrogen fluoride to prepare phosphorous pentafluoride (PF5), and (b) reacting the phosphorous pentafluoride with the lithium chloride in a hydrogen fluoride to prepare the lithium hexafluoro phosphate. Also, in this method, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, from which moisture was removed by treating with F2 gas, is used in the steps (a) and (b), and the step (b) further comprises contacting the reaction system of the step (b) with F2 gas. Accordingly, as the method adopts relatively cheap raw materials, such as PCl5, LiCl and the like, while a highly pure F2 obtained by an electrolysis is used in the reaction system, it has an advantage in that it enables lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) to be prepared at a high yield and purity.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel ionic compounds with low melting point whereof the onium type cation having at least a heteroatom such as N, O, S or P bearing the positive charge and whereof the anion includes, wholly or partially, at least an ion imidide such as (FX1O)N−(OX2F) wherein X1 and X2 are identical or different and comprise SO or PF, and their use as solvent in electrochemical devices. Said composition comprises a salt wherein the anionic charge is delocalised, and can be used, inter alia, as electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel ionic compounds with low melting point whereof the onium type cation having at least a heteroatom such as N, O, S or P bearing the positive charge and whereof the anion includes, wholly or partially, at least an ion imidide such as (FX1O)N−(OX2F) wherein X1 and X2 are identical or different and comprise SO or PF, and their use as solvent in electrochemical devices. Said composition comprises a salt wherein the anionic charge is delocalized, and can be used, inter alia, as electrolyte.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of anhydrous high purity phosphorus pentafluoride in high yield. The process uses an excess of hydrogen fluoride in a reaction with a phosphoric acid to form hexafluorophosphoric acid followed by reaction with a sulfur based acid reactant in a reaction medium containing an excess of hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of anhydrous high purity phosphorus pentafluoride in high yield. The process uses an excess of hydrogen fluoride in a reaction with a phosphoric acid to form hexafluorophosphoric acid followed by reaction with a sulfur based acid reactant in a reaction medium containing an excess of hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel lithium fluorophosphates of the general formula Li+[PFa(CHbFc(CF3)d)e]−,  (I) wherein a is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, b is 0 or 1, c is 0, 1, 2 or 3, d is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and e is 1, 2, 3 or 4, with the condition that the sum of a+e is equal to 6, the sum of b+c+d is equal to 3 and b and c are not simultaneously 0, with the proviso that the ligands (CHbFc(CF3)d) may be different, a process for producing said compounds, their use in electrolytes, and also lithium batteries produced using said electrolytes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrolytic solution containing a solute of lithium hexafluorophosphate. This method includes a step of (a) reacting lithium fluoride with phosphorus pentafluiride, in a nonaqueous organic solvent that is used for producing a lithium cell's electrolytic solution, thereby to form the lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in the solvent. According to this method, both yield and purity of the reaction product are sufficiently high, and the reaction can easily be managed. According to need, after the step (a), the nonaqueous organic solvent may be replaced with another nonaqueous organic solvent. The present invention further relates to a method for purifying an electrolytic solution used for a lithium cell. This electrolytic solution contains an acid impurity having at least one hydrogen atom in the molecule.

Abstract: A method for producing uranium oxide includes combining uranium oxyfluoride and a solid oxidizing agent having a lower thermodynamic stability than the uranium oxide after "oxide"; heating the combination below the vapor point of the uranium oxyfluoride to sufficiently react the uranium oxyfluoride and the oxidizing agent to produce uranium oxide and a non-radioactive fluorine compound; and removing the fluorine compound after "compound".

Abstract: A process for removing impurities contained in the crystal lattice of minerals, comprising the steps of forming a mixture of a mineral capable of structurally reorganizing its crystal lattice which contains an impurity in its crystal lattice and a halogen anion, and water; heating the mixture to the mineral's structural reorganization transition temperature; holding the mixture at the structural reorganization transition temperature for a sufficient period of time to allow the impurity to freely migrate from the lattice to combine with the halogen anion; and separating the combined impurity and anion from the mixture to render the mineral essentially free of the impurity. The process is applicable to numerous minerals and impurities, but is especially useful to remove arsenic from fluorspar. Numerous halogen anions can be employed, such as chlorides, fluorides, bromides and iodides, but the preferred halogen anion is a metal chloride such as calcium chloride.

Abstract: An nickel hydroxide positive electrode active material which can be made by an ultrasonic precipitation method. The nickel hydroxide active material is characterized by the composition: ##EQU1## where x, the number of water ligands surrounding each Ni cation, is between 0.05 and 0.4 and y is the charge on the anions.

Abstract: This invention involves new compositions and methods of use and delivery of amorphous calcium compounds such as: amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (ACPF), amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate (ACCP), amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate fluoride (ACCPF), and amorphous calcium fluoride (ACF) for use in remineralizing and fluoridating teeth. These amorphous compounds or solutions which form the amorphous compounds or calcium phosphate jelly which forms the amorphous compounds, when applied either onto or into dental tissue to prevent and/or repair dental weaknesses such as dental caries, exposed roots and dentin sensitivity. The compounds have the highest solubilities, fastest formation rates and fastest conversion rates (to apatite) among all the calcium phosphates under physiological conditions. Moreover, in the presence to fluoride the amorphous compound convert rapidly to fluoride containing apatite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium hexafluorophosphate solvate usable for the preparation of high purity lithium hexafluorophosphate.This solvate of lithium hexafluorophosphate and pyridine complies with the formula:Li(C.sub.5 H.sub.5 N)PF.sub.6and is prepared by a process comprising the following stages:a) preparation of pyridinium hexafluorophosphate of formula C.sub.5 H.sub.5 NHPF.sub.6 by the neutralization of hexafluorophosphoric acid HPF.sub.6 with pyridine andb) conversion of the pyridinium hexafluorophosphate into solvate LiPF.sub.6, C.sub.5 H.sub.5 N by exchange with a lithium compound chosen from among lithium hydroxide, lithium alkoxides and alkyl-lithiums.The LiPF.sub.6 can be regenerated from the solvate by vacuum decomposition.

Abstract: Carbonated hydroxyapatite compositions and their preparation are described. The compositions are biologically resorbable and are prepared as flowable masses which can be administered by syringe to set in situ to serve as a support structure, filler, prosthesis or the like. Optionally the compositions may include proteins or serve as a depot for compositions of phrarmacological interest.

Abstract: Carbonated hydroxyapatite compositions and their preparation are described. The compositions are biologically resorbable and are prepared as flowable masses which can be administered by syringe to set in situ to serve as a support structure, filler, prosthesis or the like.

Abstract: The process of the present invention consists in bringing into contact, on the one hand, (A) gaseous phosphorus pentafluoride or a gaseous mixture comprising phosphorus pentafluoride and hydrochloric acid, and, on the other hand, (B) a solution of lithium fluoride in hydrofluoric acid, in a column (10) having a sufficient number of transfer units to carry out the reaction of PF.sub.5 with LiF under the chosen conditions of temperature, of pressure and of molar ratio of the two contrasting reactants and with complete or substantially complete absorption of the PF.sub.5 in the column. This process makes it possible to solve the problems of blockage by preventing recrystallizations of salts; to discharge the heat given off by the reaction by the evaporation of a portion of the HF; and to separate the HCl which may be contained in the starting PF.sub.5, without loss of PF.sub.5, thus allowing subsequent recovery/value enhancement of this HCl.

Abstract: A method for producing uranium oxide includes combining uranium tetrafluoride and a solid oxidizing agent having a lower thermodynamic stability than the uranium oxide; heating the combination below the vapor point of the uranium tetrafluoride to sufficiently react the uranium tetrafluoride and the oxidizing agent to produce uranium oxide and a non-radioactive fluorine compound; and removing the fluorine compound.

Abstract: A method for preparing lithium hexafluorophosphate, which is useful as an electrolyte in primary and secondary cells, involves combining and cooling phosphorus pentachloride and lithium fluoride, and then adding hydrogen fluoride. Using this method, which is simple to perform, a good yield of the product can be obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to electrolyte solvents for use in liquid or rubbery polymer electrolyte solutions as are used, for example, in electrochemical devices. More specifically, this invention relates to sulfonyl/phospho-compound electrolyte solvents and sulfonyl/phospho-compound electrolyte solutions incorporating such solvents.

Abstract: Treated calcium/oxyanion-containing particles are disclosed for enhancing medical diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI"), magnetic resonance spectroscopy ("MRS"), magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging ("MRSI"), X-ray diagnostic imaging, and ultrasound imaging. Novel coating and manufacturing techniques are disclosed to control particle size and particle aggregation resulting in compositions for organ specific imaging of the liver, spleen, or tissue disease states is obtained. Depending on the diagnostic imaging technique, calcium/oxyanion-containing particles are treated to be paramagnetic, radiopaque, or echogenic. Also disclosed are diagnostic compositions and methods of performing medical diagnostic procedures which involve administering to a warm-blooded animal a diagnostically effective amount of the above-described particles and then performing the medical diagnostic procedure.

Abstract: Treated apatite particles are disclosed for enhancing medical diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI"), magnetic resonance spectroscopy ("MRS"), magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (37 MRSI"), X-ray diagnostic imaging, and ultrasound imaging. Novel coating and manufacturing techniques are disclosed to control particle size and particle aggregation resulting in compositions for organ specific imaging of the liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, or tissue disease states is obtained. Depending on the diagnostic imaging technique, apatite particles are treated to be paramagnetic, radiopaque, or echogenic. The apatite particles may also be fluorinated to form stable fluoroapatite compositions useful for .sup.19 F imaging.

Abstract: The invention is a specialized reaction cell for converting uranium metal to uranium oxide. In a preferred form, the reaction cell comprises a reaction chamber with increasing diameter along its length (e.g. a cylindrical chamber having a diameter of about 2 inches in a lower portion and having a diameter of from about 4 to about 12 inches in an upper portion). Such dimensions are important to achieve the necessary conversion while at the same time affording criticality control and transportability of the cell and product. The reaction chamber further comprises an upper port and a lower port, the lower port allowing for the entry of reactant gasses into the reaction chamber, the upper port allowing for the exit of gasses from the reaction chamber. A diffuser plate is attached to the lower port of the reaction chamber and serves to shape the flow of gas into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: Treated calcium/oxyanion-containing particles are disclosed for enhancing medical diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI"), magnetic resonance spectroscopy ("MRS"), magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging ("MRSI"), X-ray diagnostic imaging, and ultrasound imaging. Novel coating and manufacturing techniques are disclosed to control particle size and particle aggregation resulting in compositions for organ specific imaging of the liver, spleen, or tissue disease states is obtained. Depending on the diagnostic imaging technique, calcium/oxyanion-containing particles are treated to be paramagnetic, radiopaque, or echogenic. Also disclosed are diagnostic compositions and methods of performing medical diagnostic procedures which involve administering to a warm-blooded animal a diagnostically effective amount of the above-described particles and then performing the medical diagnostic procedure.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing alkalimonofluorophosphate of general formula M.sub.2 PO.sub.3 F(I), where M stands for the cation of a metal of the first main group of the periodic system, in particular potassium, a reaction mixture containing alkali metal cations M, phosphate, fluoride, particularly in the form of alkali hydroxide, phosphoric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and water, the molar ratio of M:P:F being (2.+-.0.1):(1.+-.0.05):(1.+-.0.1) and the molar ratio of water:P being at least 1:1, is heated to a temperature of 150.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. Alkalimonofluorophosphate of general formula (I) occurs, with evaporation of water, as a reaction product, which is then isolated.

Abstract: A process for preparing solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate comprising reacting, under basic conditions, a lithium salt with a salt selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, or organo ammonium hexafluorophosphate salt in a low boiling, non-protic organic solvent to produce a solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate and a precipitated sodium, potassium, ammonium, or organo ammonium salt containing the anion of the reactant lithium salt.

Abstract: Treated apatite particles are disclosed for enhancing medical diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI"), magnetic resonance spectroscopy ("MRS"), magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging ("MRSI"), X-ray diagnostic imaging, and ultrasound imaging. Novel coating and manufacturing techniques are disclosed to control particle size and particle aggregation resulting in compositions for organ specific imaging of the liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, or tissue disease states is obtained. Depending on the diagnostic imaging technique, apatite particles are treated to be paramagnetic, radiopaque, or echogenic. The apatite particles may also be fluorinated to form stable fluoroapatite compositions useful for .sup.19 F imaging.

Abstract: This invention relates to a crystalline synthetic microporous solid containing gallium and phosphorus, whose crystal structure is of the LTA type.After calcination at a temperature above 200.degree. C. the solid obtained can be employed as a catalyst for converting hydrocarbons or as an adsorbent.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preparation of alkali metal monofluorophosphates is disclosed. The apparatus includes a melting crucible of a platinum/rhodium alloy, devices for feeding the alkali metal fluoride and alkali metal metaphosphate or alkali metal polyphosphate raw materials into the upper part of the crucible, an outflow orifice for molten alkali metal fluorophosphate in the bottom of the crucible, a corresponding discharge orifice in the furnace, and a cooling arrangement, wherein a direct voltage is applied between the cooling arrangement and the melting crucible which is connected as the anode.

Abstract: Porous particles of a calcium phosphate compound having a Ca/P ratio of 1.5 to 1.80, which contain open pores having an average pore size of 100 to 4000 .ANG. and are in the form of spherical particles having an average particle size of 1 to 40 .mu.m, and a process for their production. 90% of the total pore volume of the particles is occupied by pores having a pore size that is 0.5 to 2 times larger than the average pore size of the open pores and the total volume is at least 0.5 ml/g of the particles. The porous calcium phosphate particles are particularly useful as packings for liquid chromatography.