Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to spin-orbit torque (SOT) devices comprising a bismuth antimony (BiSb) layer. The SOT devices further comprise one or more GeXNiFe layers, where at least one GeXNiFe layer is disposed in contact with the BiSb layer. The GeXNiFe layer has a thickness less than or equal to about 15 ? when used as an interlayer on top of the BiSb layer or less than or equal to 40 ? when used as a buffer layer underneath the BiSb. When the BiSb layer is doped with a dopant comprising a gas, a metal, a non-metal, or a ceramic material, the GeXNiFe layer promotes the BiSb layer to have a (012) orientation. When the BiSb layer is undoped, the GeXNiFe layer promotes the BiSb layer to have a (001) orientation. Utilizing the GeXNiFe layer allows the crystal orientation of the BiSb layer to be selected.

Abstract: A cathode additive, comprising, in percentage by mass, 10% to 40% of carbon-coated lithium manganese iron phosphate and an organic solvent. The carbon-coated lithium manganese iron phosphate is dispersed in the organic solvent, and the median particle diameter of the carbon-coated lithium manganese iron phosphate is 30 nm to 100 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tungsten-doped lithium manganese iron phosphate-based particulate for a cathode of a lithium-ion battery. The particulates include a composition represented by a formula of LixMn0.998-y-zFeyMzW0.002PaO4a±p/C, wherein x, y, z, a, p, and M are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a powdery material including the particulates, and a method for preparing the powdery material.

Abstract: A secondary electrochemical cell comprises an anode, a cathode including electrochemically active cathode material, a separator between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises at least one salt dissolved in at least one organic solvent. The separator in combination with the electrolyte has an area-specific resistance of less than about 2 ohm-cm2.

Abstract: A hydrothermal synthesis for LiFePO4 is provided. First, each raw material solution is prepared using a degassed water in advance, second, those solution are mixed by dripping in a fixed order, and then those materials are reacted in a hydrothermal synthesis, so that LiFePO4 is obtained in a predesigned form.

Abstract: An improved process for forming a lithium metal phosphate cathode material, a precursor to the cathode material and a battery comprising the cathode material is described. The process comprising: forming an first aqueous solution comprising a first molar concentration of Li+and a second molar concentration of PO43?; forming a second aqueous solution comprising organic acid or a salt of an organic acid and a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Mn and Co wherein said metal is present in a third molar concentration; allowing a precipitate to form; drying the precipitate; and calcining the precipitate thereby forming the lithium metal phosphate cathode material having a formula represented by LiMPO4/C wherein the lithium metal phosphate cathode material comprises up to 3 wt % carbon.

Abstract: A computing system (118) includes a computer readable storage medium (122) with computer executable instructions (124), including a biophysical simulator (126), and a reference location (128), and a processor (120) configured to the biophysical simulator and simulate a reference FFR value at a predetermined location along a segmented coronary vessel indicated by the reference location. A computer readable storage medium encoded with computer readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a computing system, causes the processor to simulate a reference FFR value at a predetermined location along a segmented coronary vessel indicated by a predetermined reference location. A method including simulating a reference FFR value at a predetermined location along a segmented coronary vessel indicated by a predetermined reference location.

Abstract: A lithium battery includes a solid cathode and a solid electrolyte (SSE), wherein a structurally continuous block of material comprises the solid cathode and the SSE. The structurally continuous solid block of material has a first chemical composition in the solid cathode and a second chemical composition, different from the first chemical composition, in the SSE. The SSE overlies the solid cathode, without any physical separation or interface therebetween. A method for fabricating a lithium battery includes placing a first layer of particles of an electrolyte material of a first composition on top of a second layer of particles of a cathode material of a second composition, forming a stack; and compressing and heating the stack of first and second layers to form a continuous solid material. The formed material has a solid electrolyte (SSE) characterized by the first composition and a solid cathode characterized by the second composition.

Abstract: An oligomerization catalyst, oligomer products, methods for making and using same. The catalyst can include a supported nickel phosphate compound. The catalyst is stable at oligomerization temperatures of 500° C. or higher and particularly useful for making oligomer products containing C4 to C26 olefins having a boiling point in the range of 170° C. to 360° C.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes a positive electrode having a positive active material layer containing an active material in the form of particles. The positive active material layer contains primary particles of the active material and secondary particles formed by aggregation of a plurality of primary particles. The proportion of primary particles relative to all particles of the active material in the positive active material layer is 5% or more and 40% or less. An method for producing an energy storage device includes preparing a positive electrode having a positive active material layer by forming a positive active material layer from a composite containing at least secondary particles of an active material, and assembling an energy storage device using the prepared positive electrode.

Abstract: An oligomerization catalyst, oligomer products, methods for making and using same. The catalyst can include a supported nickel phosphate compound. The catalyst is stable at oligomerization temperatures of 500° C. or higher and particularly useful for making oligomer products containing C4 to C26 olefins having a boiling point in the range of 170° C. to 360° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of multi-nutrient potassic fertilizer, by recovering potassium from sugarcane molasses based alcohol distillery effluent (commonly known as ‘spent wash’). The process involves pre-treatment of spent wash to clarify the aqueous phase and utilization of the treated spent wash in production of potassic fertilizer. The present invention enables utilisation of spent wash for recovery of value-added product (viz., potash fertiliser of >99% purity) and improves ease of ‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ compliance by subjecting the relatively benign process effluent to industrially practiced techniques for water recovery and salt reclamation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cost-effective method of synthesizing phosphate salt of a metal M such as Fe and Mn that can be used for electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery. An oxidization-precipitation reaction is carried out on metal such as Fe(II) and Mn(II) to produce phosphate salt and hydroxide of the metal oxidized e.g. Fe(III) and Mn(III). With overdosed phosphoric acid, hydroxide of the oxidized metal is then converted to a phosphate salt. The invention also provides a method of preparing “wet” phosphate salt nanoparticles and their application in the synthesis of a cathode material. The present invention exhibits numerous technical merits such as lower cost, easier operation, and being environmentally friendly.

Abstract: Thin film all-solid-state power sources, including pseudocapacitors having solid inorganic Li+-ion conductive electrolyte, for IoT, microsensors, MEMS, RFID TAGs, medical devices, elements of microfluidic chips Micro Electro Harvesting and ultra-light energy storage. An electrochemical power source includes a substrate; a first current collector layer on the substrate; a first buffer/cache layer on the first current collector layer; a solid-state electrolyte layer on the first buffer/cache layer; a second buffer/cache layer on the solid-state electrolyte layer; a second current collector layer on the second buffer/cache layer. Each buffer/cache layer is formed of LiXMYO3, where M is Nb, Ta, Ti, V, X is 0.8-1.4, and Y is 1.2-0.6. The buffer/cache layer is 15-1000 nm. At least one Faradaic layer is between the first collector layer and the first buffer layer and/or between the second collector layer and the second buffer layer.

Abstract: A cathode material is provided which comprises secondary particles of cathode active material particles including central particles of LixFeyMzPO4 and a carbonaceous film which coats the central particles, wherein a particle size distribution thereof has maximum values of a relative particle amount on both fine and coarse particle sides. A particle diameter with the maximum relative particle amount on the fine particle side is in a range A of 0.70 ?m to 2.00 ?m, and a particle diameter with the maximum relative particle amount on the coarse particle side is in a range B of 7.00 ?m to 15.00 ?m. A difference between maximum values of a relative particle amount is 2.00% to 6.00%.

Abstract: An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of AxTy(PO4)z, NaxTy(PO4)z, Na1.702Fe3(PO4)3 and Na0.872Fe3(PO4)3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

Abstract: Nano-sized mixed metal oxide carriers capable of delivering a well treatment additive for a sustained or extended period of time in the environment of use, methods of making the nanoparticles, and uses thereof are described herein. The nanoparticles can have a formula of: A/[Mx1My2Mz3]OnHm where x is 0.03 to 3, y is 0.01 to 0.4, z is 0.01 to 0.4 and n and m are determined by the oxidation states of the other elements, and M1 can be aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), or thallium (Tl). M2 and M3 are not the same and can be a Column 2 metal, Column 14 metal, or a transition metal. A is can be a treatment additive.

Abstract: A method for producing an active material particle for a lithium ion battery, the method including steps of: flowing a plurality of raw material solutions into respective raw material-feeding channels under a pressure of 0.3 to 500 MPa, the solutions being capable of inducing a chemical reaction when mixed, thereby producing an active material particle for a lithium ion battery or an active material precursor particle for a lithium ion battery; and mixing the plurality of raw material solutions at a junction of the raw material-feeding channels to induce the chemical reaction, thereby continuously producing an active material particle for a lithium ion battery or producing an active material precursor particle for a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing LiMXO4, comprising the steps of reacting a source of lithium, a source of M, and a source of X together, in a melted state at a reaction temperature between 900 to 1450 C, in the presence of an excess of (A) a solid-solid reducing couple having an oxygen partial process at equilibrium (pO2) comprised between 10?8 and 10?15 atm at said reaction temperature according to an Ellingham-Richardson diagram for oxides, or (B) one component of the solid-solid reducing couple together with a gas-gas reducing couple having an oxygen partial pressure equilibrium (pO2) between 10?8 and 10?15 atm at said reaction temperature according to an Ellingham-Richardson diagram of oxides, and under thermic equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium. There is also provided a LiMXO4 melt-solidified product free from off-composition impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a support material for a nitrogen oxide storage component that is applicable in catalysts for treating exhaust gases from lean-burn engines and a support material made according to said process that is stable against the reaction with a Barium compound to form BaAl2O4.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of aluminum phosphite with sparingly soluble aluminum salts and nitrogen-free extraneous ions, comprising 80 to 99.898% by weight of aluminum phosphite of the formula (I) Al2(HPO3)3xH2O??(I) in which x is 0 to 4, 0.1 to 10% by weight of sparingly soluble aluminum salts and 0.002 to 10% by weight of nitrogen-free extraneous ions; to a process for preparation thereof and use thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for chemical drying and for producing struvite.

Abstract: A method of extracting lithium from a lithium bearing solution and specifically, economically extracting lithium from a lithium bearing solution comprising the steps of: adding a nucleus particle to a lithium bearing solution; and precipitating the dissolved lithium in the lithium bearing solution as lithium phosphate by adding a phosphorous supplying material to the lithium bearing solution including the nucleus particle is provided.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention provides amphiphilic nanosheets that comprise lamellar crystals with at least two regions: a first hydrophilic region and a second hydrophobic region. In some embodiments, the amphiphilic nanosheets of the present invention also comprise a plurality of functional groups that are appended to the lamellar crystals. In some embodiments the functional groups are hydrophobic functional groups that are appended to the second region of the lamellar crystals. In some embodiments, the lamellar crystals comprise ?-zirconium phosphates. Additional embodiments of the present invention pertain to methods of making the aforementioned amphiphilic nanosheets. Such methods generally comprise appending one or more functional groups to a stack of lamellar crystals; and exfoliating the stack of lamellar crystals for form the amphiphilic nanosheets.

Abstract: An electrode material of the present invention includes surface-coated LixAyDzPO4 particles obtained by coating surfaces of LixAyDzPO4 (in which, A represents one or more selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr, D represents one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sc, Y and rare earth elements, 0<x?2, 0<y?1, and 0?z?1.5) particles with a carbonaceous coat, and an elution amount of Li is in a range of 200 ppm to 700 ppm and an elution amount of P is in a range of 500 ppm to 2000 ppm when the surface-coated LixAyDzPO4 particles are immersed in a sulfuric acid solution having a hydrogen-ion exponent of 4 for 24 hours.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing lithium hydroxide and a method of manufacturing lithium carbonate using the same. The method of manufacturing lithium hydroxide includes: preparation of a lithium phosphate aqueous solution including lithium phosphate particles; addition of a phosphate anion precipitation agent to the lithium phosphate aqueous solution; and precipitating a sparingly soluble phosphate compound through a reaction of cations of the phosphate anion precipitation agent with anions of the lithium phosphate.

Abstract: A new crystalline molecular sieve designated SSZ-102 having ESV framework topology is disclosed. SSZ-102 is synthesized using an N,N?-dimethyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane dication as a structure directing agent.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention provides amphiphilic nanosheets that comprise lamellar crystals with at least two regions: a first hydrophilic region, and a second hydrophobic region. In some embodiments, the amphiphilic nanosheets of the present invention also comprise a plurality of functional groups that are appended to the lamellar crystals. In some embodiments, the functional groups are hydrophobic functional groups that are appended to the second region of the lamellar crystals. In some embodiments, the lamellar crystals comprise ?-zirconium phosphates. Additional embodiments of the present invention pertain to methods of making the aforementioned amphiphilic nanosheets. Such methods generally comprise appending one or more functional groups to a stack of lamellar crystals; and exfoliating the stack of lamellar crystals for form the amphiphilic nanosheets.

Abstract: A method for making a new crystalline molecular sieve designated SSZ-102 is disclosed using an N,N?-dimethyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane dication as a structure directing agent. SSZ-102 has ESV framework topology.

Abstract: A mixed aqueous solution is prepared in which a phosphorus source, a divalent Fe compound, and an oxidant are mixed at a predetermined ratio. Then, this mixed aqueous solution is dropwise added into a buffer solution having a pH value of 1.5 to 9, thereby to produce a precipitated powder of FePO4. This FePO4 is synthesized with a lithium compound to obtain LiFePO4. An electrode active substance containing this LiFePO4 as a major component is used as a positive electrode material of a secondary battery.

Abstract: An energy storage device having high capacity per weight or volume and a positive electrode active material for the energy storage device are manufactured. A surface of a main material included in the positive electrode active material for the energy storage device is coated with two-dimensional carbon. The main material included in the positive electrode active material is coated with a highly conductive material which has a structure expanding two-dimensionally and whose thickness is ignorable, whereby the amount of carbon coating can be reduced and an energy storage device having capacity close to theoretical capacity can be obtained even when a conduction auxiliary agent is not used or the amount of the conduction auxiliary agent is extremely small. Accordingly, the amount of carbon coating in a positive electrode and the volume of the conduction auxiliary agent can be reduced; consequently, the volume of the positive electrode can be reduced.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide composite particles that have excellent NOx purification performance and can suppress water adsorption-caused contraction and water desorption-caused expansion and to provide a honeycomb structure that has excellent NOx purification performance and can suppress the breakage of the honeycomb unit due to the adsorption or desorption of water, a method for manufacturing the honeycomb structure, and an exhaust gas purifying apparatus including the honeycomb structure. The composite particles of the invention are composite particles having a metallic oxide attached to silicoaluminophosphate particles with a ratio of an amount of Si to a sum of amounts of Al and P in a range of 0.16 to 0.33, in which a specific surface area is in a range of 250 m2/g to 450 m2/g, and an external surface area is in a range of 30 m2/g to 90 m2/g.

Abstract: A positive electrode active substance including a lithium-containing metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): LiFe1-xMxP1-ySiyO4??(1) wherein M represents an element selected from Sn, Zr, Y, and Al; 0<x<1; and 0<y<1, wherein the lithium-containing metal oxide has a lattice constant and a half value width of a diffraction peak of a (011) plane.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for chemical drying and for producing struvite.

Abstract: An object is to improve the characteristics of a power storage device such as a charging and discharging rate or a charge and discharge capacity. The grain size of particles of a positive electrode active material is nano-sized so that a surface area per unit mass of the active material is increased. Specifically, the grain size is set to greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 60 nm. Alternatively, the surface area per unit mass is set to 10 m2/g or more, preferably 20 m2/g or more. Further, the crystallinity of the active material is increased by setting an XRD half width to greater than or equal to 0.12° and less than 0.17°, preferably greater than or equal to 0.13° and less than 0.16°.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of synthesizing a phosphorous active electrode composite material AMPO4 is disclosed. M is a first element selected from a group of transitional metals, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and others, and A is a second element selected from a group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and a mixture thereof. The method includes: forming a phosphate composite from a phosphorus source material and a first source material comprising the first element M; mixing the phosphate composite with a second source material comprising the second element A to form an intermediate mixture with A:M:P=1.03-1.1:1:1 by molar ratio; ball-milling and drying the intermediate mixture; and sintering the intermediate mixture to form the phosphorous composite active electrode material. The first source material and the metalloid source material are low cost by-products respectively obtained in other processes.

Abstract: A composite powder in which highly dispersed metal oxide nanoparticle precursors are supported on carbon is rapidly heated under nitrogen atmosphere, crystallization of metal oxide is allowed to progress, and highly dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles are supported by carbon. The metal oxide nanoparticle precursors and carbon nanoparticles supporting said precursors are prepared by a mechanochemical reaction that applies sheer stress and centrifugal force to a reactant in a rotating reactor. The rapid heating treatment in said nitrogen atmosphere is desirably heating to 400° C.-1000° C. By further crushing the heated composite, its aggregation is eliminated and the dispersity of metal oxide nanoparticles is made more uniform. Examples of a metal oxide that can be used are manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and lithium titanate. Carbons that can be used are carbon nanofiber and Ketjen Black.

Abstract: An object is to reduce variation in shape of crystals that are to be formed. Solutions containing respective raw materials are made in an environment where an oxygen concentration is lower than that in air, the solutions containing the respective raw materials are mixed in an environment where an oxygen concentration is lower than that in air to form a mixture solution, and with use of the mixture solution, a composite oxide is formed by a hydrothermal method.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode material for a lithium ion secondary battery that includes a composite grain formed of lithium iron silicate crystals or lithium manganese silicate crystals and a carbon material. The composite grain has a sea-islands structure in which the lithium iron silicate crystals or lithium manganese silicate crystals are scattered like islands in the carbon material, and the islands have an average value of circle-equivalent diameter of smaller than 15 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a cathode-active material containing an olivine-type lithium metal phosphate for a lithium secondary battery which does not need washing or sintering after hydrothermal synthesis, the method including a step in which hydrothermal synthesis is carried out by using a mixture containing HMnPO4 and a lithium source as a raw material to produce an olivine-type lithium metal phosphate.

Abstract: Improved positive electrode material and methods for making the same are described. Lithium-iron-manganese phosphate materials, doped with one or more dopant Co, Ni, V, and Nb, and methods for making the same are described. The improved positive electrode material of the present invention is capable of exhibiting improved energy density and/or specific capacity for use in wide range of applications. In certain embodiments, energy density of greater than 340 mWh/g is possible.

Abstract: An object is to reduce variation in shape of crystals that are to be manufactured. Raw materials are each weighed, solutions containing the respective raw materials are formed in an environment where an oxygen concentration is lower than that in air, the solutions containing the respective raw materials are mixed in an environment where an oxygen concentration is lower than that in air to form a mixture solution, and with use of the mixture solution, a composite oxide is formed by a hydrothermal method.

Abstract: Disclosed are open-framework solids that possess superior ion-transport properties pertinent to the electrochemical performance of next-generation electrode materials for battery devices. Disclosed compounds including compositions and architectures relevant to electrical energy storage device applications have been developed through integrated solid-state and soft (solution) chemistry studies. The solids can adopt a general formula of AxMy(XO4)z, where A=mono- or divalent electropositive cations (e.g., Li+), M—trivalent transition metal cations (e.g., Fe3+, Mn3+), and X?Si, P, As, or V. Also disclosed are oxo analogs of these materials having the general formulae AaMbOc(PO4)d (a?b), and more specifically, AnMnO3x(PO4)n-2x, where A=mono- or divalent electropositive cations (e.g., Li+), M is either Fe or Mn, and x is between 0 and n/2.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery including a positive active material including a lithium phosphate compound particle and fiber-type carbon attached inside the lithium phosphate compound particle, a method of preparing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: Ferrous (II) phosphate (Fe3(PO4)2) powders, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) powders for a Li-ion battery and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. The lithium iron phosphate powders are represented by the following formula (II): LiFe(1-a)MaPO4??(II) wherein, M, and a are defined in the specification, the lithium iron phosphate powders are composed of plural flake powders, the length of each of the flake powders is 0.1-10 ?m, and a ratio of the length and the thickness of each of the flake powder is in a range from 11 to 400.

Abstract: A cathode composition of lithium ion battery includes a number of nanoparticles and coating material coating outer surfaces of the nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to crystalline nanometric olivine-type LiFe1-xMxPO4 powder with M being Co and/or Mn, and 0?x?1, with small particle size and narrow particle size distribution. A direct precipitation process is described, comprising the steps of: providing a water-based mixture having at a pH between 6 and 10, containing a dipolar aprotic additive, and Li(I), Fe(II), P(V), and Co(II) and/or Mn(II) as precursor components; heating said water-based mixture to a temperature less than or equal to its boiling point at atmospheric pressure, thereby precipitating crystalline LiFe1-xMxPO4 powder. An extremely fine particle size is obtained of about 80 nm for Mn and 275 nm for Co, both with a narrow distribution.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst composition having an aluminosilicate molecular sieve having an AEI structure and a mole ratio of silica-to-alumina of about 20 to about 30 loaded with about 1 to about 5 weight percent of a promoter metal, based on the total weight of the molecular sieve material. Also provided are method, articles, and systems utilizing the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a mixed alkali metal pyrophosphate comprising spraying a mixed orthophosphate into a recycling bed of mixed alkali metal pyrophosphates at a kiln temperature of 350 C to 550 C.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is provided. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode contained a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode active material includes a monoclinic ?-type titanium-based oxide or lithium titanium-based oxide. The monoclinic ?-type titanium-based oxide or lithium titanium-based oxide has a peak belonging to (011), which appears at 2?1 in a range of 24.40° or more and 24.88° or less, in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by wide angle X-ray diffractometry using CuK? radiation as an X-ray source.