Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to improved processes for the preparation of various phosphorus oxides and phosphoric acid. Phosphorus oxides prepared in accordance with the present invention include phosphorus (III) oxides (e.g., tetraphosphorus hexaoxide (P4O6)). Phosphorus (III) oxides such as P4O6 are useful products and are also useful as precursors in preparation of other products, including phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and other phosphorus-containing chemicals. Certain aspects of this invention are also directed to using various byproducts formed during P4O6 production as precursors for the formation of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and P2O5. In particular, the present invention is directed to improved processes for the preparation of phosphorus (III) oxides (e.g., P4O6) suitable for use in the preparation of phospho-herbicides such N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) and precursors thereof (e.g., N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA)).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-aqueous cathode material for lithium secondary batteries using a spherical transition metal complex carbonate, and a method for preparing same. According to the present invention, since the surface of a spherical transition metal complex carbonate, which is prepared by using a cobalt material, nickel material, manganese material, carboxyl group material, and ammonia material, is coated with titanium dioxide. In addition, by mixing the prepared, surface-coated transition metal complex carbonate with a lithium material and heat-treating the resultant material, it is possible to prepare a spherical Li-rich cathode material having a primary particle size of 200 nm or more, and a 0.1 C capacity of 250 mAh/g or more, and capable of implementing 96% or more of the initial capacity in a full cell after charging and discharging 60 times.

Abstract: A phosphorous pentoxide producing method includes forming pre-feed agglomerates containing phosphate ore particles, carbonaceous material particles, and silica particles and heating the pre-feed agglomerates in a reducing or inert atmosphere to an induration temperature from above 900 C to less than 1180 C and maintaining the induration temperature for 15 minutes or more. The method includes forming feed agglomerates and increasing a compression strength of the feed agglomerates to above 25 lbf using the heating, the feed agglomerates exhibiting a calcium-to-silica mole ratio less than 1 and a silica-to-(calcium+magnesium) mole ratio greater than 2. A reducing kiln bed is formed using the feed agglomerates, kiln off-gas is generated, and phosphorous pentoxide is collected from the kiln off gas.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing phosphorous trichloride, phosphorous pentachloride and cement comprising of heating at elevated temperature of 1100° C. to 1500° C. pulverized mixture of phosphate ores, carbonaceous substances, silica and/or alumina and treating the resultant gaseous products with chlorine in the ratio of 1 to 5 moles of chlorine per mole of phosphorous oxide contained in the phosphate ores while maintaining the temperature between 400° C. to 1000° C. by cooling and thereafter firstly separating gaseous mixture of primarily phosphorous trichloride and phosphorous pentachloride, from cement and later separating phosphorous trichloride and phosphorous pentachloride, both separations by known methods.

Abstract: A hydrogen-free amorphous dielectric insulating film having a high material density and a low density of tunneling states is provided. The film is prepared by e-beam deposition of a dielectric material on a substrate having a high substrate temperature Tsub under high vacuum and at a low deposition rate. In an exemplary embodiment, the film is amorphous silicon having a density greater than about 2.18 g/cm3 and a hydrogen content of less than about 0.1%, prepared by e-beam deposition at a rate of about 0.1 nm/sec on a substrate having Tsub=400° C. under a vacuum pressure of 1×10?8 Torr.

Abstract: Methods of producing fibrous solid carbon forests include reacting carbon oxides with gaseous reducing agents in the presence of a catalyst having a predetermined grain size to cause growth of fibrous solid carbon forests upon a surface of the metal. The fibrous solid carbon forests are substantially perpendicular to the surface of the metal thus creating the “forests”. A bi-modal forest composition of matter is described in which a primary distribution of fibrous solid carbon comprises the forest and a secondary distribution of fibrous solid carbon is entangled with the primary distribution. A reactor includes a catalyst, a means for facilitating the reduction of a carbon oxide to form solid carbon forests on a surface of the catalyst, and a means for removing the solid carbon forest from the surface of the metal catalyst.

Abstract: Electrode active material of the invention is mainly an amorphous transition metal complex represented by AxMPyOz (where x and y are values which independently satisfy 0?x?2 and 0?y?2, respectively, and z=(x+5y+valence of M)/2 to satisfy stoichiometry; also, A is an alkali metal and M is a metal element selected from transition metals), and has a peak near 220 cm?1 in Raman spectroscopy. Applying the electrode active material of the invention to a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery increases the capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward a composition and method of treating and preventing infection of pathogenic microorganisms and endopyhtic microorganisms in a plant through the use of phosphite compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an oxide coated semiconductor nanocrystal population and a method of synthesizing the oxide coated semiconductor nanocrystal population. The method includes coating a semiconductor nanocrystal population with a species capable of being oxidized to create a coated semiconductor nanocrystal population. The method further includes exposing the coated semiconductor nanocrystal population to oxygen to create the oxide coated semiconductor nanocrystal population. Further disclosed herein is a consolidated material and a method of consolidating a material from the oxide coated semiconductor nanocrystal population.

Abstract: The invention relates to derivatives of (1-cyanocyclopropyl)phenylphosphinic acid of the formula (I) and to salts thereof, of the formula (II), for enhancing stress tolerance in plants to abiotic stress, preferably to drought stress, especially for enhancing plant growth and/or for increasing plant yield.

Abstract: A method of preparing an organic light-emitting device having excellent sealing characteristics against external environment and flexibility.

Abstract: Amine-aldehyde resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and/or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and/or dissolved. These resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants, for example in the beneficiation of value materials (e.g., bitumen, coal, or kaolin clay) to remove impurities such as sand. The resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to remove solid particulates, as well as for removing metallic ions in the purification of water.

Abstract: A hemostatic composition is provided. The hemostatic composition includes a hemostatically effective amount of a hemostatic agent that includes a nanoparticle and a polyphosphate polymer attached to the nanoparticle. Also provided are medical devices and methods of use to promote blood clotting.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward a composition and method of treating and preventing infection of pathogenic microorganisms and endopyhtic microorganisms in a plant through the use of phosphite compositions.

Abstract: Wastewater treatment methods and systems for removal of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from wastewater and for recovery of them as usable materials. Sufficient amount of dolomite lime and slaked dolomite lime is added into the wastewater to increase the pH of the wastewater to above 8.5 and to form P precipitates and to convert ammonium to ammonia in a precipitation-ammonia stripping reactor or a continuous flow precipitation reactor. The P precipitates are separated from the wastewater and recovered as usable solid material. The ammonia gas is absorbed and concentrated with acid solution in an ammonia absorption tower as usable liquid material.

Abstract: A phosphorous pentoxide producing method includes forming a reducing kiln bed using feed agglomerates containing a lignin sulfonate both inside the agglomerates and coating a surface of individual agglomerates. Freeboard particulates are generated from the agglomerates, an amount of particulates generated being less than would occur in the method with no lignin sulfonate. Kiln off gas is generated and phosphorous pentoxide is collected from the kiln off gas. The kiln discharges a residue containing processed agglomerates, less than 20% of the agglomerates' phosphate input to the kiln remaining in the residue. The percentage of input phosphate that remains in the residue is less than would occur in the method with no lignin sulfonate. The method may include forming green agglomerates. Controlling a drying rate of the green agglomerates may wick some of the lignin sulfonate onto the surface of individual drying agglomerates without adhering the agglomerates together.

Abstract: Methods for purifying one or more value materials are provided. The method can include contacting an aqueous mixture comprising a value material and a contaminant with a dispersant and a depressant to produce a treated mixture. A weight ratio of the dispersant to the depressant can be from about 1:1 to about 30:1. The method can also include recovering a purified product comprising the value material from the treated mixture. The purified product can have a reduced concentration of the contaminant relative to the aqueous slurry.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits are provided for enhancing remineralization of a tooth or bone containing hydroxyapatite and inhibiting caries progression or loss of hydroxyapatite using a bisphosphonate or pyrophosphonate. The tooth or tooth surface contains a trauma or defect, for example the tooth contains a caries that is identified using a detectable probe. The bisphosphonate or pyrophosphonate is contacted to the tooth and/or oral cavity and binds to the hydroxyapatite material in the tooth or bone and prevents loss of hydroxyapatite material or strengthens the hydroxyapatite. The amount and extent of enhanced remineralization or of inhibition of caries progression and loss of hydroxyapatite are determined by techniques including photography, light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are diatomaceous earth products containing reduced soluble metal levels, processes for reducing soluble metal levels in diatomaceous earth products, and methods of using the same. In particular, diatomaceous earth products are disclosed that have been treated with at least one surface metal blocking agent, and then subjected to at least one thermal treatment process to reduce the level of soluble metals associated therewith. Such diatomaceous earth products containing reduced soluble metal levels may be useful for various applications including, but not limited to, as filter aid materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing waste incineration ashes, in particular domestic waste incineration ashes, in which a process for classifying the ashes and a process for recovering phosphates from the ashes are combined. In said method, the ashes are subjected to a wet classification process during which the ashes are mixed with a liquid, and the ashes are treated with an acidic aqueous solution to redissolve the phosphates, whereupon the phosphates contained in the solution are isolated. The liquid with which the ashes are mixed during the wet classification process is the acidic aqueous solution with which the ashes are treated to redissolve the phosphates.

Abstract: The invention relates to the application of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) and complexes of polyP and calcium [polyP (Ca2+ complex)] for prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases by inducing hydroxyapatite formation and decreasing osteoclastogenesis. PolyP and polyP (Ca2+ complex) can be used both as a drug or food supplement and as a material to be injected into bone tissue.

Abstract: A producing method of a high-purity pyrophosphate comprising a calcination of the orthophosphate under the condition of 120° C.-350° C.; and a producing method suitable for manufacturing effectively the high-purity melamine pyrophosphate.

Abstract: A process for the production of a reaction product consisting essentially of P4O6 is carried out by reacting oxygen with phosphorus in an exothermic reaction in a reaction unit. Heat created by the exothermic reaction is removed by feeding P4O6 and/or by-products of the process into the reaction unit. The generated reaction product is then quenched to a lower temperature where no essential decomposition of the reaction product occurs, and at least part of P4O6 is separated from the reaction product obtained after quenching. The resulting yield of P4O6 based on the phosphorus used is improved and the heat of the exothermic reaction can be controlled in an economic way.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of rare earth containing phosphates of the LaPO4:Ce,Tb type comprising providing an initial charge of phosphate having a pH above 2 to a reactor; subsequently commencing introduction of a rare earth solution to the reactor, and subsequently, continuing to introduce both the phosphate and the rare earth solution to the reactor to form a mixture; whereby a rare earth phosphate precipitate is produced, at least a portion of which is precipitated while the pH of the mixture is less than 2.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for producing the aluminum adjuvant AlPO4. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing aluminum phosphate which comprises the steps of mixing a solution of aluminum chloride and a solution of sodium phosphate tribasic to produce an aluminum phosphate precipitate, wherein the improvement comprises settling the aluminum phosphate precipitate at a temperature in the range of about 50° C. to about 70° C. In another aspect, the present invention is directed to methods for producing aluminum phosphate within a closed system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and improved sperm stimulating additive comprising a certain amount of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Addition of PPi in the media for human/animal in vitro fertilization (IVF) improves fertilization rate; addition of PPi in the semen extender for farm animal artificial insemination (AI) may improve pregnancy rates; furthermore, mammalian oocytes matured in vitro in a medium including PPi attain improved fertilization and developmental potential, while embryos cultured in medium supplemented with PPi have improved development to blastocyst.

Abstract: A phosphorous pentoxide producing method includes forming a reducing kiln bed using feed agglomerates containing a lignin sulfonate both inside the agglomerates and coating a surface of individual agglomerates. Freeboard particulates are generated from the agglomerates, an amount of particulates generated being less than would occur in the method with no lignin sulfonate. Kiln off gas is generated and phosphorous pentoxide is collected from the kiln off gas. The kiln discharges a residue containing processed agglomerates, less than 20% of the agglomerates' phosphate input to the kiln remaining in the residue. The percentage of input phosphate that remains in the residue is less than would occur in the method with no lignin sulfonate. The method may include forming green agglomerates. Controlling a drying rate of the green agglomerates may wick some of the lignin sulfonate onto the surface of individual drying agglomerates without adhering the agglomerates together.

Abstract: Stabilized precursor solutions can be used to form radiation inorganic coating materials. The precursor solutions generally comprise metal suboxide cations, peroxide-based ligands and polyatomic anions. Design of the precursor solutions can be performed to achieve a high level of stability of the precursor solutions. The resulting coating materials can be designed for patterning with a selected radiation, such as ultraviolet light, x-ray radiation or electron beam radiation. The radiation patterned coating material can have a high contrast with respect to material properties, such that development of a latent image can be successful to form lines with very low line-width roughness and adjacent structures with a very small pitch.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to electrode materials, electrochemical cells employing such materials, and methods of synthesizing such materials. The electrode materials have a crystal structure with a high ratio of Li to metal M, which is found to improve capacity by enabling the transfer of a greater amount of lithium per metal, and which is also found to improve stability by retaining a sufficient amount of lithium after charging. Furthermore, synthesis techniques are presented which result in improved charge and discharge capacities and reduced particle sizes of the electrode materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of P4O6 of high purity by reacting oxygen, or a mixture of oxygen and an inert gas, with gaseous or liquid phosphorus to generate said reaction product in a reaction unit. The reaction product is kept in the reaction unit at an average temperature in the range of 1600 and 2000 K by removing the heat created by the exothermic reaction of phosphorus and oxygen. A residence time of at least 1 second of the reaction product passing the reaction unit is maintained. The reaction product is then conventionally cooled in a quenching unit connected with the reaction unit. The final reaction product contains P4O6 with a very low content of elemental phosphorus.

Abstract: Phosphate depletion, a physiological condition commonly seen in certain patient populations, including alcoholics, malnourished, acutely ill patients, patients receiving parenteral nutrition, patients being re-fed after prolong fasting, and dialysis patients, requires intravenous supplementation when oral repletion is not feasible. This invention provides a method and pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic administration of pyrophosphate, instead of phosphate, for phosphate or pyrophosphate repletion. During hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis significant removal of phosphate and pyrophosphate occurs. Pyrophosphate depletion predisposes patients to vascular calcification. This invention further provides a method and pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic administration of pyrophosphate for phosphate or pyrophosphate repletion by addition of pyrophosphate to hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis solutions.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes a combustion chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber to facilitate a reaction at a high temperature and high pressure. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the combustion chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of calcium compounds having very low content of phosphorus and boron from an impure calcium chloride, solution containing phosphorus and boron, which method comprises the following steps: a) addition of a FeCl3-solution to the calcium chloride solution, b) adjusting the pH of the solution by addition of a base to between 3 and 9.5 for precipitation of iron hydroxide, iron phosphate and boron compounds, c) removal of the solid precipitate from the solution in step b) obtaining a purified calcium chloride solution, d) precipitation of a calcium compound from the solution from step c), and e) separation of the calcium compound from the solution in step d).

Abstract: Phosphorus-calcium-strontium compound of formula (I); method for preparing same; composition for the extemporaneous preparation of a cement comprising a solid phase (SP) and a liquid phase (LP), wherein the solid phase comprises a mixture of inorganic compounds of formula (II); use as an endodontic cement.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process for removing phosphorus-containing colloids and their precursors from an iron chloride solution comprising: (a) heating the iron chloride solution comprising impurities selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing colloid, phosphorus-containing colloid precursor, and mixtures thereof, at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C., at least autogenous pressure and for a period of time sufficient to transform the impurities into a filterable solid; and (b) separating the solid from the iron chloride solution. In one embodiment, the iron chloride solution is a byproduct of the chloride process for making titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A process for recovering reusable materials, in particular phosphate, from sewage sludge products, namely sewage sludge, sewage sludge ash or sewage sludge slag, by extraction, in which a suspension of the sewage sludge product is produced in water, alcohol, water-alcohol mixture or an aqueous solution, gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) or supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is introduced as an extraction agent into the suspension of the sewage sludge product, undissolved solids are separated from the liquid suspension agent, carbon dioxide is removed from the suspension agent, and reusable materials dissolved in the suspension agent are precipitated and separated from the suspension agent.

Abstract: A method and device for producing polyphosphoric acid burns a fuel in combustion air in a combustion chamber, sprays a spray fluid comprising substantially pure orthophosphoric acid and undertakes polymerization-condensation of the pure orthophosphoric acid. A polyphosphoric acid in the form of an acid mist accompanied by formation of gases which mix with combustion gases resulting from burning of the fuel is formed to reach a predetermined temperature, wherein the mixture causes sudden lowering of combustion gas temperature. The acid mix is separated from the gas mixture and the polyphosphoric acid is collected at a bottom of the combustion chamber and the gas mixture is outputted via a lower part of the combustion chamber separate from the collection of polyphosphoric acid.

Abstract: This invention includes uses and methods of preparing phosphites and/or hyposphosphites (and their polymeric forms and/or their salts) and phosphite-based agrochemicals (fertilizers and biocides) from phosphate or other naturally occurring or synthetic phosphorus sources using anaerobic microbial fermentation. The fermentation process produces both a liquid and solid phase phosphite/hypophosphite salts which can be used as an agrochemical product.

Abstract: Processes are provided for making dense, spherical mixed-metal carbonate or phosphate precursors that are particularly well suited for the production of active materials for electrochemical devices such as lithium ion secondary batteries. Exemplified methods include precipitating dense, spherical particles of metal carbonates or metal phosphates from a combined aqueous solution using a precipitating agent such as ammonium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or a mixture that includes sodium hydrogen carbonate. Other exemplified methods include precipitating dense, spherical particles of metal phosphates using a precipitating agent such as ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, or a mixture of any two or more thereof. Further provided are compositions of and methods of making dense, spherical metal oxides and metal phosphates using the dense, spherical metal precursors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of P4O6 of high purity by reacting oxygen, or a mixture of oxygen and an inert gas, with gaseous or liquid phosphorus to generate said reaction product in a reaction unit. The reaction product is kept in the reaction unit at an average temperature in the range of 1600 and 2000 K by removing the heat created by the exothermic reaction of phosphorus and oxygen. A residence time of at least 1 second of the reaction product passing the reaction unit is maintained. The reaction product is then conventionally cooled in a quenching unit connected with the reaction unit. The final reaction product contains P4O6 with a very low content of elemental phosphorus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of P4O6 of high purity by reacting oxygen, or a mixture of oxygen and an inert gas, with gaseous or liquid phosphorus to generate said reaction product in a reaction unit. The reaction product is kept in the reaction unit at an average temperature in the range of 1600 and 2000 K by removing the heat created by the exothermic reaction of phosphorus and oxygen. A residence time of at least 1 second of the reaction product passing the reaction unit is maintained. The reaction product is then conventionally cooled in a quenching unit connected with the reaction unit. The final reaction product contains P4O6 with a very low content of elemental phosphorus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for recovering an oxide-containing battery material from a waste battery material. The recovery method includes steps (1) and (2) in this order: (1) a step of immersing a base taken out of the waste battery material and the base having an oxide-containing battery material, in a solvent that does not substantially dissolve the oxide, and stripping the battery material from the base thereby, and (2) a step of separating the battery material from the base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new methods of making crystalline materials, as well as to new crystalline materials obtainable by such methods, and their use in hydrocarbon conversion processes. In one of its aspects, the invention relates to a method for preparing a crystalline molecular sieve comprising oxides of one or more tetravalent element(s), optionally one or more trivalent element(s), and optionally one or more pentavalent element(s), said method comprising submitting to crystallization conditions one or more sources of said oxides in the presence of at least one organic templating agent R of formula C1C2R1R2N+ A? (I), in which C1 and C2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl group, R1 and R2 each independently represent a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are connected to form a ring containing 5 or 6 atoms, and A represents hydroxyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the manufacture of a ceria based polishing composition, comprising (a) suspending an inorganic cerium salt or cerium hydroxide with a cerium content calculated as cerium oxide in the range of 50%-100% based on Total rare earth oxide (TREO) in an aqueous medium thereby obtaining an aqueous suspension, (b) treating said aqueous suspension with an acid or a salt of an acid selected from the group of HF, H3PO4 and H2SO4, thereby obtaining a solid suspended in said aqueous medium, (c) separating said solid from said aqueous medium, and (d) calcining the separated solid at a temperature between 750° C. and 1,200° C. and grinding the calcined solid to grain sizes in the range of 0.5 ?m to 5.0 ?m.

Abstract: A phosphorous pentoxide producing method includes forming a kiln bed using feed agglomerates with a calcium-to-silica mole ratio of from 0.5 to 1.0 and maintaining a bed temperature at or above 1260° C. along a portion of the bed length without exceeding 1380° C. along the entire bed length. Less than 10% of the agglomerates' phosphate input to the kiln remains in the kiln residue as phosphate. Another method includes maintaining a bed temperature at or above 1180° C. along a portion of the bed length and establishing a bed surface-to-volume ratio multiplied by a time for bed heat up to 1180° C. of less than 50 minutes-ft2/ft3.

Abstract: Described is a method for the production of metal salts, wherein the cationic metal is preferably selected from Group I to IV metals and mixtures thereof and the anionic group is selected from phosphates, silicates, sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides, fluorides and mixtures thereof, and wherein said method comprises forming a mixture of at least one metal source that is a metal carboxylate with a mean carbon value per carboxylate group of at least 3 and at least one anion source into droplets and oxiding said droplets in a high temperature environment, preferably a flame. This method is especially suited for the production of calcium phosphate biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite (HAp,Cal0(P04)6(OH)2) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP,Ca3(P04)2) that exhibit excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity and therefore are widely used for reparation of bony or periodontal defects, coating of metallic implants and bone space fillers.

Abstract: A PEPCK inhibitor can include identifying a molecule that has a size capable of fitting into and interacting with the PEPCK binding site and at least one of the following: (a) a first terminal substituent having co-planar atoms acting as metal ligands to the active site metal ion PEPCK; (b) at least one of an atom or substituent at positions 2 or 3 from the first terminal substituent includes a neutral carbon center or include an oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or other atom with similar physiochemical properties; (c) at least one of an atom or substituent at positions 2 or 3 from the first terminal substituent is devoid of an electropositive atom or substituents; or (d) a second terminal substituent opposite of the first terminal substituent, said second terminal substituent having an atom that is a hydrogen boding acceptor and/or is negatively charged.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of P4O6 of high purity by reacting oxygen, or a mixture of oxygen and an inert gas, with gaseous or liquid phosphorus to generate said reaction product in a reaction unit. The reaction product is kept in the reaction unit at an average temperature in the range of 1600 and 2000 K by removing the heat created by the exothermic reaction of phosphorus and oxygen. A residence time of at least 1 second of the reaction product passing the reaction unit is maintained. The reaction product is then conventionally cooled in a quenching unit connected with the reaction unit. The final reaction product contains P4O6 with a very low content of elemental phosphorus.

Abstract: The invention is various applications of silicon substituted phosphates of various chemical composition and granular sizes in direct application or in combination with other materials, not previously claimed in prior art used to treat the various medical conditions described.

Abstract: Finely divided starch-containing polymer dispersions which are obtainable by free radical emulsion copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a redox initiator and an enzymatically degraded starch, the enzymatic starch degradation being stopped by adding an acid comprising at least one phosphorus atom to the reaction mixture, use of an acid comprising at least one phosphorus atom for stopping the enzymatic degradation of starch and use of the finely divided, starch-containing polymer dispersions of emulsion polymers as size for paper and paper products, in particular as surface size.