Abstract: An improved performance ammonia plant system utilizing both a direct and indirect chilling of the compressed process air train using a single or multistage chilling system integrated with the ammonia plant ammonia compression train to increase process air flow to the secondary ammonia reformer of the ammonia plant.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.

Abstract: Industrial combustion facilities are integrated with greenhouse gas-solidifying fertilizer production reactions so that CO2, CO, NOx, and SOx emissions can be converted prior to emission into carbonate-containing fertilizers, mainly NH4HCO3 and/or (NH2)2CO, plus a small fraction of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4. The invention enhances sequestration of CO2 into soil and the earth subsurface, reduces N03− contamination of surface and groundwater, and stimulates photosynthetic fixation of CO2 from the atmosphere. The method for converting CO2, CO, NOx, and SOx emissions into fertilizers includes the step of collecting these materials from the emissions of industrial combustion facilities such as fossil fuel-powered energy sources and transporting the emissions to a reactor. In the reactor, the CO2, CO, N2, SOx, and/or NOx are converted into carbonate-containing fertilizers using H2, CH4, or NH3.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed to achieve high per-pass synthesis conversion of ammonia. A nitrogen/hydrogen synthesis gas mixture is passed sequentially through a plurality of catalyst beds. The effluent from a subsequent catalyst bed is cooled by direct quench with a partially reacted gas which has passed through at least a first catalyst bed.