Abstract: Provided is a device for removing nitrogen oxide, the device including an inflow path for gas containing nitrogen oxide; and a reversible metal complex compound coming into contact with the gas containing nitrogen oxide which is introduced through the inflow path, wherein the reversible metal complex compound includes a central metal ion reacting and binding with nitrogen oxide; and a ligand coordinating with the central metal ion, wherein when the central metal ion is oxidized, the bound nitrogen oxide is separated, and the oxidized central metal ion is reduced to recombine with nitrogen oxide.

Abstract: A fluidized calciner is provided which allows a reduction in the rate of unburned fuel at an outlet of a fluidized calciner to enable sufficient calcination while preventing possible occlusion in a preheater, even when pulverized coal of coal or coke, which has low combustion quality, is used as fuel, based on calculations in accordance with computational fluid dynamics based on the shape of an actual furnace and operational conditions.

Abstract: This invention refers to a microporous crystalline material of zeolitic nature that has, in its calcined state and in the absence of defects in its crystalline matrix manifested by the presence of silanols, the empirical formula x(M1/nXO2):yYO2:gGeO2:(1?g)SiO2 in which M is selected between H+, at least one inorganic cation of charge +n, and a mixture of both, X is at least one chemical element of oxidation state +3, Y is at least one chemical element with oxidation state +4 different from Si, x takes a value between 0 and 0.2, both included, y takes a value between 0 and 0.1, both included, g takes a value between 0 and 0.5, both included that has been denoted ITQ-55, as well as a method for its preparation. This invention also relates to uses of the crystalline material of zeolitic nature for adsorption of fluid components, membrane separation of fluid components, storage of fluid components, and catalysis of various conversion reactions.

Abstract: Contemplated configurations and methods are presented for effectively controlling the temperature in an oxy-fuel combustion system. Contemplated systems preferably introduce water independent of the fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Water is injected through one or more nozzles, wherein water is atomized or sprayed, creating boundary layer cool zones in a boiler system and wherein water is recovered.

Abstract: This invention refers to a microporous crystalline material of zeolitic nature that has, in its calcined state and in the absence of defects in its crystalline matrix manifested by the presence of silanols, the empirical formula x(M1/nXO2):yYO2:gGeO2:(1?g)SiO2 in which M is selected between H+, at least one inorganic cation of charge +n, and a mixture of both, X is at least one chemical element of oxidation state +3, Y is at least one chemical element with oxidation state +4 different from Si, x takes a value between 0 and 0.2, both included, y takes a value between 0 and 0.1, both included, g takes a value between 0 and 0.5, both included that has been denoted ITQ-55, as well as a method for its preparation. This invention also relates to uses of the crystalline material of zeolitic nature for adsorption of fluid components, membrane separation of fluid components, storage of fluid components, and catalysis of various conversion reactions.

Abstract: The enhanced oil recovery (EOR) system includes a solar tower that heats air, which is fed to an ion transport membrane (ITM) unit. The ITM unit separates oxygen from the preheated air. The separated oxygen is injected into the oil well to burn part of the well's oil, thereby generating the heat required for thermally enhance oil recovery. Combustion of part of the well's oil reduces the viscosity of the remainder, enhancing extraction of oil from the well.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for determining weight percent of solids in a suspension using Raman spectroscopy. The methods can be utilized to acquire Raman spectral data from the suspension and to determine weight percent of solids in a process being carried out, for example, in a vessel, without the need to remove samples for analysis. The weight percent of the solids can be determined with a desired accuracy in a relatively short time, typically 10 minutes or less. The acquired Raman spectral data may be processed by chemometric software using, for example, a Partial Least Squares algorithm and data pretreatment to provide a predicted value of weight percent solids. In some embodiments, the invention is used to determine the weight percent of microparticles of a diketopiperazine in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A golden rigid decorative member in which scratch resistance and abrasion resistance are significantly improved and deterioration of appearance quality due to a flaw, abrasion, or the like is suppressed, and which has a pale color with a high quality feel is stably provided. A single layer or several layers of a coating including a reaction compound of an alloy of Ti and one or two or more metals selected from Nb, Ta, and V, and of one or two non-metallic elements mainly including nitrogen and selected from carbon and oxygen are stacked on a base.

Abstract: A population of light-emissive nitride nanoparticles has a photoluminescence quantum yield of at least 10% and an emission spectrum having a full width at half maximum intensity (FWHM) of less than 100 nm. One suitable method of producing light-emissive nitride nanoparticles comprises a first stage of heating a reaction mixture consisting essentially of nanoparticle precursors in a solvent, the nanoparticle precursors including at least one metal-containing precursor and at least one first nitrogen-containing precursor, and maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature to seed nanoparticle growth. It further comprises a second stage of adding at least one second nitrogen-containing precursor to the reaction mixture thereby to promote nanoparticle growth.

Abstract: The present application provides nitride semiconductor nanoparticles, for example nanocrystals, made from a new composition of matter in the form of a novel compound semiconductor family of the type group II-III-N, for example ZnGaN, ZnInN, ZnInGaN, ZnAlN, ZnAlGaN, ZnAlInN and ZnAlGaInN. This type of compound semiconductor nanocrystal is not previously known in the prior art. The invention also discloses II-N semiconductor nanocrystals, for example ZnN nanocrystals, which are a subgroup of the group II-III-N semiconductor nanocrystals. The composition and size of the new and novel II-III-N compound semiconductor nanocrystals can be controlled in order to tailor their band-gap and light emission properties. Efficient light emission in the ultraviolet-visible-infrared wavelength range is demonstrated.

Abstract: A bioreactor designed to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste is coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas. Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The bioreactor may use communities of autotrophic microorganisms such as those capable of nitrifier denitrification, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and/or ammonia oxidizing archaea. A portion of the N2O dissolved in aqueous effluent from the bioreactor may be separated to increase the amount of gas phase N2O product. The amount of the gas phase N2O in a gas stream may also be concentrated prior to undergoing the chemical reaction. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane.

Abstract: A bioreactor designed to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste is coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas. Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane. The bioreactor may have various designs including a two-stage bioreactor, a hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor, or a sequencing batch reactor. The bioreactor may involve Fe(II)-mediated reduction of nitrite to nitrous oxide.

Abstract: A method to produce N2O from organic nitrogen and/or reactive nitrogen in waste uses a bioreactor coupled to a hardware reactor device in which the N2O is consumed in a gas phase chemical reaction, e.g., catalytic decomposition to form oxygen and nitrogen gas. Heat from the exothermic reaction may be used to generate power. The N2O may alternatively be used as an oxidant or co-oxidant in a combustion reaction, e.g., in the combustion of methane.

Abstract: The present invention provides molybdenum and tungsten nanostructures, for example, nanosheets and nanoparticles, and methods of making and using same, including using such nanostructures as catlysts for hydrogen evolution reactions.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an LS methane hydrate containing a plurality of methane hydrate crystals and lignosulfonate. The disclosure also provides a method of making an LS methane hydrate by combining methane gas, liquid or solid water, and LS at controlled temperature and starting pressure for a time sufficient to form LS methane hydrate. The disclosure further provides a method of producing energy from an LS methane hydrate by providing an LS methane hydrate directly to a combustion chamber, whereby methane in the methane hydrate and LS are converted to energy in the combustion chamber and water in the methane hydrate is converted to steam. The disclosure additionally provides a method of releasing methane from an LS methane hydrate by heating an LS methane hydrate.

Abstract: A process of and system for sequestering carbon (CO2) produced in coal and gas burning hydrogen production plants, resulting in the production of hydrogen at current market prices or less without carbon emission.

Abstract: The present application provides nitride semiconductor nanoparticles, for example nanocrystals, made from a new composition of matter in the form of a novel compound semiconductor family of the type group II-III-N, for example ZnGaN, ZnInN, ZnInGaN, ZnAlN, ZnAlGaN, ZnAlInN and ZnAlGaInN. This type of compound semiconductor nanocrystal is not previously known in the prior art. The invention also discloses II-N semiconductor nanocrystals, for example ZnN nanocrystals, which are a subgroup of the group II-III-N semiconductor nanocrystals. The composition and size of the new and novel II-III-N compound semiconductor nanocrystals can be controlled in order to tailor their band-gap and light emission properties. Efficient light emission in the ultraviolet-visible-infrared wavelength range is demonstrated.

Abstract: A process is proposed for reprocessing the exhaust gas from a plant for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonium salts by catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with hydrogen for the purpose of utilization of at least a part of the nitrogen monoxide and if appropriate hydrogen present in the exhaust gas for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonium salts, which comprises, in a first separation stage, selectively separating off nitrogen monoxide from the exhaust gas of the plant for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonium salts.

Abstract: Hydrogen storage materials are provided that may be capable of a hydrogenated state and dehydrogenated state. The hydrogen storage material comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage molecular units. Each hydrogen storage molecular unit comprises a transition metal bonded to one or more elements from period 2 of the periodic table, wherein the hydrogen storage material includes at least 6.5% molecular hydrogen by weight when in the hydrogenated state and is stable at temperatures below about 200° C. and at pressures of about 1 atm and below. The hydrogen storage materials may be used in conjunction with fuel cells in portable electronic devices.

Abstract: The invention provides novel Zr MOFs, in particular compounds having a surface area of at least 1020 m2/g or if functionalized, having a surface area of at least 500 m2/g.

Abstract: A method of producing an n-type group III nitride single crystal includes putting raw materials that include at least a substance including a group III element, an alkali metal, and boron oxide into a reaction vessel; melting the boron oxide by heating the reaction vessel to a melting point of the boron oxide; forming a mixed melt which includes the group III element, the alkali metal, and the boron oxide, in the reaction vessel by heating the reaction vessel to a crystal growth temperature of a group III nitride; dissolving nitrogen into the mixed melt by bringing a nitrogen-containing gas into contact with the mixed melt; and growing an n-type group III nitride single crystal, which is doped with oxygen as a donor, from the group III element, the nitrogen, and oxygen in the boron oxide that are dissolved in the mixed melt.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus enabling the efficient utilization of urea for purposes such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, which enable feeding urea to a chamber designed to efficiently and completely gasify the urea to enable ammonia feed. Preferably, aqueous urea is fed to a gasification chamber, which is also fed with heated gases. An injector means, capable of distributing the aqueous urea as fine droplets, is positioned centrally of a gas distribution plate in the chamber. An arrangement of spaced holes in the gas distribution plate provides higher gas velocity in the vicinity of the injector means than near the walls of the chamber. Uniform gas distribution without equipment fouling is achieved.

Abstract: Affords Group-III nitride single-crystal ingots and III-nitride single-crystal substrates manufactured utilizing the ingots, as well as methods of manufacturing III-nitride single-crystal ingots and methods of manufacturing III-nitride single-crystal substrates, wherein the incidence of cracking during length-extending growth is reduced. Characterized by including a step of etching the edge surface of a base substrate, and a step of epitaxially growing onto the base substrate hexagonal-system III-nitride monocrystal having crystallographic planes on its side surfaces. In order to reduce occurrences of cracking during length-extending growth of the ingot, depositing-out of polycrystal and out-of-plane oriented crystal onto the periphery of the monocrystal must be controlled.

Abstract: New magnetic materials containing cerium, iron, and small additions of a third element are disclosed. These materials comprise compounds Ce(Fe12?xMx) where x=1-4, having the ThMn12 tetragonal crystal structure (space group I4/mmm, #139). Compounds with M=B, Al, Si, P, S, Sc, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, and W are identified theoretically, and one class of compounds based on M=Si has been synthesized. The Si cognates are characterized by large magnetic moments (4?Ms greater than 1.27 Tesla) and high Curie temperatures (264?Tc?305° C.). The Ce(Fe12?xMx) compound may contain one or more of Ti, V, Cr, and Mo in combination with an M element. Further enhancement in Tc is obtained by nitriding the Ce compounds through heat treatment in N2 gas while retaining the ThMn12 tetragonal crystal structure; for example CeFe10Si2N1.29 has Tc=426° C.

Abstract: Methods for releasing associated guest materials from a metal organic framework are provided. Methods for associating guest materials with a metal organic framework are also provided. Methods are provided for selectively associating or dissociating guest materials with a metal organic framework. Systems for associating or dissociating guest materials within a series of metal organic frameworks are provided. Thermal energy transfer assemblies are provided. Methods for transferring thermal energy are also provided.

Abstract: A member covered with a hard coating according to the present invention has a hard coating which has excellent erosion resistance, a hardness (H) of 20 GPa or more as measured using a nano indenter and a ratio of the hardness (H) to a Young's modulus (E) (i.e., H/E) of 0.06 or more, and comprises Ti and/or Cr, Al and N, wherein the total amount of Ti and Cr relative to the total amount of elements other than non-metal elements in the coating is 0.1 to 0.6 inclusive in terms of atomic ratio and the amount of Al relative to the total amount of the elements other than the non-metal elements in the coating is 0.4 to 0.7 inclusive in terms of atomic ratio.

Abstract: Chemical processes and reactors for efficiently producing hydrogen fuels and structural materials and associated systems and methods. A representative process includes dissociating a hydrogen donor into dissociation products by adding energy to the hydrogen donor, wherein the energy includes waste heat generated by a process other than dissociating the hydrogen donor. The process can further include providing, from the dissociation products, a structural building block and/or a hydrogen-based fuel, with the structural building block based on carbon, nitrogen, boron, silicon, sulfur, and/or a transition metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a TiAgN coating layer, formed by subjecting a substrate having a surface roughness of about 0.05˜0.1 ?m to plasma coating by periodically turning on/off an Ag source while a Ti source is continuously turned on in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, a TiAgN coating method, and a TiAgN coating apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions including porous biomolecule-containing metal-organic frameworks and methods for their preparation. The porous biomolecule-containing metal-organic frameworks can include a metal component and a biomolecule component. The pores located within the frameworks have a pore space and said pore space is capable to adsorb materials therein. These compositions of the invention are useful in a wide variety of applications, such as, but not limited to, hydrogen and carbon dioxide sequestration, separation and storage; carbon dioxide uptake; and drug storage and release.

Abstract: Ammonia oxidizers are disclosed that can include gas distributors and distribution rings to improve the distribution of the flow of a gas feedstream across a catalyst bed in the ammonia oxidizer. The gas distributors include circular plates that have holes through which the gas feedstream is distributed across the catalyst bed. In some examples, the gas distributors also have a sidewall. The distribution rings are attached to the inner wall of the ammonia oxidizer at a predetermined distance below the gas distributor.

Abstract: A method for the coproduction of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen using an ion transport membrane is provided. This method includes separating a compressed, hot air stream in an ion transport membrane, thereby producing a product oxygen stream and a hot nitrogen rich stream; utilizing at least a portion of the hot nitrogen rich stream as a heat source for reforming a hydrocarbons stream, thereby producing a syngas stream and a warm product nitrogen stream; and separating the syngas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a carbon dioxide rich stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes an intake chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the intake chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas with a cooling agent. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: Method for performing a HIPIMS coating process, whereby a minimal distance 5 between target and substrate is reduced till achieving an essentially maximal bias current at substrate during coating process, and thereby improving considerably coating quality and increasing deposition rate in comparison with conventional HIPIMS coating processes.

Abstract: Provided are methods for storing gases on porous adsorbents, methods for optimizing the storage of gases on porous adsorbents, methods of making porous adsorbents, and methods of gas storage of optimized compositions, as in systems containing porous adsorbents and gas adsorbed on the surface of the porous adsorbent. The disclosed methods and systems feature a constant or increasing isosteric enthalpy of adsorption as a function of uptake of the gas onto the exposed surface of a porous adsorbent. Adsorbents with a porous geometry and surface dimensions suited to a particular adsorbate are exposed to the gas at elevated pressures in the specific regime where n/V (density) is larger than predicted by the ideal gas law by more than several percent.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an amorphous semiconductor material and TFTs containing the material. The semiconductor material contains a single cation, such as zinc, and multiple anions. For the multiple anions, only one of the anions can be oxygen or nitrogen. The anions compete with each other to twist the resulting structure. For example, if one of the anions bonded with the cation would result in a cubic structure, and another of the anions bonded with the cation would result in a hexagonal structure, the competing anions would twist the resulting structure so that the structure remains amorphous rather than crystalline. Further, because a single cation is utilized, there is no grain boundary and thus, the material has a high mobility.

Abstract: The invention relates to a X-zeolite based adsorbent granulate with faujasite structure and a molar SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of ?2.1-2.5, wherein the granulate has an average transport pore diameter of >300 nm and a negligible fraction of meso-pores and wherein the mechanical properties of the granulate are at least the same as or better than the properties of an X-zeolite based granulate formed using an inert binder and the equilibrium adsorption capacities for water, CO2 and nitrogen are identical to those of pure X-zeolite powder with a similar composition.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a zeolitic imidazolate framework composition using at least one reactant that is relatively insoluble in the reaction medium. Also provided herein is a material made according to the method, designated either as EMM-19 or as EMM-19*, and a method of using same to adsorb and/or separate gases, such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and systems reside in the decomposition of ammonia into a hydrogen-containing product mixture. An ammonia-rich gaseous mixture containing ammonia and oxygen enters a conduit, within which combustion and decomposition of the mixture is initiated, thereby liberating hydrogen. A mixture of products, resulting from the reactions, is expelled from the outlet of the conduit, the mixture including non-combusted hydrogen gas, which may then be used for other purposes. The incoming reactants, including ammonia and oxygen, are heat exchanged with the outgoing product mixture containing non-combusted hydrogen gas.

Abstract: To provide a production method for a nitride crystal, where a nitride crystal can be prevented from precipitating in a portion other than on a seed crystal and the production efficiency of a gallium nitride single crystal grown on the seed crystal can be enhanced. In a method for producing a nitride crystal by an ammonothermal method in a vessel containing a mineralizer-containing solution, out of the surfaces of said vessel and a member provided in said vessel, at least a part of the portion coming into contact with said solution is constituted by a metal or alloy containing one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W) and titanium (Ti), and has a surface roughness (Ra) of less than 1.80 ?m.

Abstract: An ammonia synthesis apparatus includes: a first gas channel; a second gas channel disposed outside the first gas channel; a third gas channel disposed outside the second gas channel; an air supply unit that supplies air to the second or third gas channel; a water supply unit that supplies water to the first gas channel; and a heat supply unit that supplies heat to the first gas channel. A metal or a metal oxide that reduces water to produce hydrogen is placed in the first gas channel. An ammonia synthesis catalyst is placed in the second gas channel located downstream of the downstream end portion of the first gas channel. The second and third gas channels are at least partially partitioned by an oxygen permeation membrane, or a nitrogen permeation membrane, so that oxygen is supplied to the third gas channel, and nitrogen is supplied to the second gas channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system which enables the efficient utilization of urea for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by gasifying it and feeding it to a plurality of selective catalytic reduction units associated with a plurality of gas turbines. The invention enables feeding a gasified product of the urea with the ability to fully control separate SCR units without excessive reagent usage or loss of pollution control effectiveness. Controllers determine the amount of reagent required for each turbine to control NOx emissions and then mixes the gasified urea with the correct amount of carrier gas for efficient operation of each separate SCR unit despite the demand variation between the turbines. In this manner the gasification unit can be properly controlled to provide urea on demand without the need for storing large inventories of ammonia-containing gasses to correct for fluctuations in demand.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal chalcogenide material. The method comprises introducing a metal precursor and a chalcogenide precursor into a chamber, and reacting the metal precursor and the chalcogenide precursor to form a metal chalcogenide material on a substrate. The metal precursor is a carboxylate of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a post-transition metal, or a metalloid. The chalcogenide precursor is a hydride, alkyl, or aryl precursor of sulfur, selenium, or tellurium or a silylhydride, silylalkyl, or silylaryl precursor of sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Methods of forming a memory cell including the metal chalcogenide material are also disclosed, as are memory cells including the metal chalcogenide material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a trichloroammineplatinate salt by reacting a tetrachloroplatinate salt in aqueous solution in the presence of ammonium chloride and an alkali chloride with one or more carbonate salts selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium and ammonium carbonate while keeping the pH value below 7 during the reaction; the product obtained therein and a use thereof.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing phase-stabilized films, methods of forming phase-stabilized films, and structures and devices including the phase-stabilized films are disclosed. The phase-stabilized films include a matrix material and a phase stabilizer, which provides a morphologically stabilizing effect to a matrix material within the films. The phase-stabilized films may be used as, for example, gate electrodes and similar films in microelectronic devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst composition which can decompose an organic nitrogen compound at a relatively low temperature to convert the compound to N2 and render it harmless in the purification of an exhaust gas containing the compound (nitrogen-based exhaust gas); a catalyst containing the catalyst composition; a method for producing the catalyst; and an exhaust gas purification apparatus containing the catalyst. By using a catalyst composition formed by mixing copper oxide particles and zeolite particles, an organic nitrogen compound and/or ammonia can be converted to N2 highly selectively. The catalyst composition of the present invention may further contain a manganese oxide and/or a precious metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides molybdenum and tungsten nanostructures, for example, nanosheets and nanoparticles, and methods of making and using same, including using such nanostructures as catlysts for hydrogen evolution reactions.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described comprising a cylinder with a length C and a diameter D, wherein said unit has five holes arranged in a pentagonal pattern extending longitudinally therethrough, with five flutes running along the length of the unit, said flutes positioned equidistant adjacent holes of said pentagonal pattern. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described in the form of a cylinder having a length C and diameter D, which has one or more holes extending therethrough, wherein said cylinder has domed ends of lengths A and B, such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.50 to 2.00, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.40 to 5.00. The catalyst or catalyst unit preferably has one or more flutes miming along its length. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative active material for a secondary lithium battery and a secondary lithium battery including the same. The negative active material for a secondary lithium battery includes an amorphous silicon-based compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. SiAxHy??Chemical Formula 1 In Chemical Formula 1, A is at least one element selected from C, N, or a combination thereof, 0<x, 0<y, and 0.1?x+y?1.5.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a zeolitic imidazolate framework composition using at least one reactant that is relatively insoluble in the reaction medium. Also provided herein is a material made according to the method, designated either as EMM-19 or as EMM-19*, and a method of using same to adsorb and/or separate gases, such as carbon dioxide.