From Organic Material Containing Nitrogen Patents (Class 423/358)
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Patent number: 5616163Abstract: Method for the processing of animal excrements and liquid manure--called liquid materials--for the purpose of utilization of the ammonia contained in the liquid materials as a chemically bound non fugitive plant fertilizer, as well as the thermal disposal of the chemical unreactive, environmental hazardous ingredients of the liquid materials, respectively of the residues remaining from the processing like ammonia residues, methane gas or gaseous odorous compounds, for example of the skatole--or mercaptan type, wherein said the ammonia unbound and/or solubilized in the liquid materials is transformed into a non fugitive, easy resorbable nitrogen fertilizer for plants by adding carbon dioxide and gypsum to the liquid materials and using stable exhaust as preferred carbon dioxide source and the liquid materials are generally purified by the striping method from the odorous substances, ammonia residues or, from the stable exhaust originating methane by feeding in air or especially stable exhaust and which are comType: GrantFiled: April 12, 1995Date of Patent: April 1, 1997Inventor: Georg Halfter
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Patent number: 5514358Abstract: Methods for synthesis of chemical compounds by catalytic transfer hydrogenation comprise forming a mixture of a starting material, a hydrogen donor material and a catalyst. The catalyst is selected from a catalytic form of carbon, a polyethylene glycol phase transfer agent, and mixtures thereof. The mixture is heated at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound to cause reduction of the starting material by catalytic transfer hydrogenation and form the desired chemical compound product.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 1995Date of Patent: May 7, 1996Inventors: Charles J. Rogers, Alfred Kornel
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Patent number: 5399755Abstract: Process for the hydrolysis of urea contained in the process water from plants for the synthesis of urea consisting of the thermic treatment of the water containing urea and of the removal by stripping of the compounds from decomposition of the urea (CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3) in a series of stages in series with superimposed flow.The equipment is a vertical column with superimposed modules with weirs which penetrate in two successive modules and give the solution a rising movement.Type: GrantFiled: October 23, 1992Date of Patent: March 21, 1995Assignee: Urea Casale S.A.Inventor: Vincenzo Lagana'
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Patent number: 5252308Abstract: High purity ammonia is quantitatively produced from urea by reaction with water in the presence of acid. A major advantage of the invention is that urea can be safely transported to a conversion site, then converted to ammonia. The net result is that high purity ammonia is available wherever it is needed without the toxic hazard presented by transporting ammonia.Type: GrantFiled: December 31, 1991Date of Patent: October 12, 1993Assignee: Union Oil Company of CaliforniaInventor: Donald C. Young
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Patent number: 5240688Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the in-line hydrolysis of urea. More particularly, the process involves heating an aqueous solution of urea while flowing through a conduit to a temperature and for a time effective to hydrolyze urea to produce hydrolysis products comprising ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonia. The hydrolysis products are useful for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in combustion effluents without the generation of substantial amounts of nitrous oxide.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 1990Date of Patent: August 31, 1993Assignee: Fuel Tech GmbHInventors: Thure von Harpe, Reihard Pachaly, John E. Holfmann
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Patent number: 4906447Abstract: The synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen is carried out in a process scheme in which a liquid material is provided to react with ammonia to form an ammine to either improve the method of recovery of ammonia from a product gas stream or to upset the thermodynamic equilibrium of the H.sub.2 --N.sub.2 --NH.sub.3 system so that higher first pass conversion of the reactant gas to ammonia can be accomplished. As a result of this invention the horsepower of the synthesis gas compressor, the catalyst inventory, the operating temperature, and the operating pressure, or combinations of these factors, are reduced, having the effect of decreasing equipment and operating costs. In addition, the liquid ammine product is decomposed under conditions that allow the recovery of the ammonia as a liquid product by heat exchange with cooling water. This markedly reduces refrigeration horsepower requirements.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 1988Date of Patent: March 6, 1990Inventor: Eugene F. Schwarzenbek
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Patent number: 4652678Abstract: An improved process for recovering usable components from waste streams containing urea, including a dilute aqueous urea solution, which result from the preparation of particulate urea products. The dilute aqueous urea solution is used to wash a urea containing waste gas stream whereby urea contained in the gas stream is dissolved in the aqueous urea solution. The aqueous urea solution thus obtained is then subjected to a hydrolysis treatment whereby the urea contained therein is hydrolyzed, and the ammonia and carbon dioxide thus formed are separated from the residual liquid stream.Type: GrantFiled: October 10, 1984Date of Patent: March 24, 1987Assignee: Stamicarbon B.V.Inventor: Adolphe M. Douwes
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Patent number: 4468376Abstract: A method for disposing of a halogenated organic material includes the steps of partially oxidizing the halogenated organic material, a hydrocarbonaceous material, and a nitrogen compound with a free-oxygen containing gas and optionally with a temperature moderator in a synthesis gas generator under partial oxidation conditions. The partial oxidation produces a synthesis gas containing, among others, hydrogen halide and ammonia. The synthesis gas is then contacted with a quench medium which dissolves the hydrogen halide into the quench medium. The hydrogen halide and quench medium can be disposed of by the addition of a base to form a readily disposed metal salt of the halide.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 1982Date of Patent: August 28, 1984Assignee: Texaco Development CorporationInventor: Robert M. Suggitt
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Patent number: 4450112Abstract: Reaction of a nitrile, an alcohol and water in the presence of a catalyst comprising rhodium, iridium or platinum complexed with hydroxo and tertiary phosphine moieties, to produce the corresponding carboxylic ester.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1981Date of Patent: May 22, 1984Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Stanley S. Wreford
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Patent number: 4342735Abstract: In stripping ammonia and carbon dioxide from an aqueous ammonium carbonate solution including organic ammonium salts, inorganic base is introduced into the column at a point below the point of the feed introduction and above the column bottom to liberate ammonia from the ammonium salts and thereby produce a bottoms of reduced ammonium content.Type: GrantFiled: April 23, 1981Date of Patent: August 3, 1982Assignee: The Lummus CompanyInventor: Utah Tsao
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Patent number: 4308385Abstract: An improved process for the removal of urea from urea-containing waste water by hydrolysis and desorption of the ammonia and carbon dioxide thus formed. Urea-containing waste water is treated in a process for the separation of ammonia and carbon dioxide from mixtures thereof, which process has (a) an ammonia separation zone wherefrom ammonia, substantially free of carbon dioxide and water, is obtained, (b) a carbon dioxide separation zone wherefrom carbon dioxide, substantially free of ammonia and water is obtained, and (c) a desorption zone wherefrom water, substantially free of carbon dioxide and ammonia is obtained. The urea is substantially completely hydrolyzed and the ammonia and carbon dioxide produced thereby can be recovered.Type: GrantFiled: May 8, 1980Date of Patent: December 29, 1981Assignee: Stamicarbon, B. V.Inventor: Josephus J. P. M. Goorden
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Patent number: 4220635Abstract: A method for hydrolyzing urea in aqueous solutions such as waste-water streams which comprises heating the aqueous solution containing urea in the presence of a catalytic amount of a vanadium compound for sufficient time and at sufficient temperatures to effect hydrolysis of at least a portion of the urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.Type: GrantFiled: May 14, 1979Date of Patent: September 2, 1980Assignee: Olin CorporationInventor: Lorenz P. Schell
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Patent number: 4168299Abstract: A method for hydrolyzing urea in aqueous solutions such as waste-water streams which comprises heating the aqueous solution containing urea in the presence of a catalytic amount of vanadium pentoxide for sufficient time and at sufficient temperatures to effect hydrolysis of substantially all of the urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 1978Date of Patent: September 18, 1979Assignee: Olin CorporationInventor: Lorenz P. Schell
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Patent number: 4156697Abstract: Alkyl phosphines of the general formula:R.sub.n PH.sub.3-n (I)are made. To this end hydrogen phosphide, a primary or a secondary phosphine is reacted with an alkylamine of the general formula:R.sub.n NH.sub.3-n (II)in a molar ratio of 0.1 to 10 mols of the alkylamine of formula II per mol of hydrogen phosphide or primary or secondary phosphine. The reaction is effected at a 150.degree. to 400.degree. C., at atmospheric pressure or a superatmospheric pressure up to 1 atmosphere gauge, and in contact with a catalyst comprising active carbon, copper (II) chromite, or one or more metals of Group Ib or VIII of the Periodic System of the elements. The starting materials are passed through a reaction zone at a rate which permits a contact time between them and the catalyst of 0.1 to 400 seconds.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 1977Date of Patent: May 29, 1979Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Klaus Hestermann, Hartfrid Vollmer, Gero Heymer, Ernst-Gunther Schlosser
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Patent number: 4148865Abstract: Hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide and ammonia present in a nitrile production effluent are recovered as an aqueous solution containing ammonium carbonate and ammonium cyanide. The cyanide is hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbon monoxide, followed by recovery of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and ammonia, all free of cyanide, from the hydrolyzed solution. In this manner, ammonium values are recovered from the cyanide byproduct and recovered streams are free of cyanide.Type: GrantFiled: January 6, 1978Date of Patent: April 10, 1979Assignee: The Lummus CompanyInventors: Abraham P. Gelbein, Joon T. Kwon
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Patent number: 4148614Abstract: A process for decreasing the sulfur content of coal is provided, which includes forming a slurry of coal particles in an inert solvent, and subjecting the slurry in admixture with hydrogen to the influence of wave energy in the microwave range.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 1978Date of Patent: April 10, 1979Inventor: Chalmer G. Kirkbride
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Patent number: 4123230Abstract: A process for decreasing the sulfur content of coal is provided, which includes drying coal and subjecting the dried coal in a hydrogen atmosphere to the influence of wave energy in the microwave range.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 1977Date of Patent: October 31, 1978Inventor: Chalmer G. Kirkbride
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Patent number: 4087513Abstract: A process for hydrolyzing urea in waste water streams which comprises introducing a waste water stream containing urea into a carbon dioxide recovery system such as used in connection with the production of ammonia, and therein hydrolyzing substantially all of the urea in the waste water stream.Type: GrantFiled: August 12, 1977Date of Patent: May 2, 1978Assignee: Olin CorporationInventor: Lorenz P. Schell
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Patent number: 4024169Abstract: Complexes of the titanium cyclopentadienyl compound ##STR1## and nitrogen, having the probable structure: ##STR2## where the symbol N.apprxeq.N represents a bonding state intermediate between the azo-N=N- bond and the hydrazine =N-N= bond; such complex having the simple dimeric form as indicated by molecular weight determination on this form dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and having a polymeric form wherein a nitrogen atom of one molecule of the dimeric form is coordinated by a dative link with a Ti atom of another molecule of the dimeric form, as suggested by low solubility of this polymeric form in 1,2-dimethoxyethane and breakdown of this form to the dimeric form by action of tetrahydrofuran.Another related complex is a black solid nitrogen-containing reaction product of the above titanium cyclopentadienyl compound in dry state with nitrogen at about 60 atmospheres pressure, having an infrared spectrum typical of a metallocene compound with no N-N or Ti-N vibration absorption bands.Type: GrantFiled: November 28, 1975Date of Patent: May 17, 1977Assignee: Allied Chemical CorporationInventor: Guido P. Pez
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Patent number: 4013757Abstract: A high pressure thermal hydrolysis process is described which comprises heating acid waste streams resulting from the manufacture of cyanuric acid and chlorinated derivatives of cyanuric acid, containing cyanuric acid and amino-substituted cyanurates, in a pressure vessel, at a temperature of from about 225.degree. to about 275.degree. C, to effect decomposition of these materials into ammonia and carbon dioxide. This process provides an effective pollution control means, compatible with existing commercial facilities.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1975Date of Patent: March 22, 1977Assignee: FMC CorporationInventors: Sidney Berkowitz, Charles V. Juelke