Abstract: Ammonium hexachlororuthenate is produced by adding ammonium chloride to a hydrochloric acid solution containing ruthenium. The ammonium hexachlororuthenate is baked to obtain the ruthenium powder. When the moisture content of the ammonium hexachlororuthenate is high, the baked product is so hard sintered product that its pulverization is not easy. In accordance with the present invention, the following steps are carried out. Hydrochloric acid solution containing ruthenium is held at a temperature of 80 to 95° C. for three hours or longer. The ammonium chloride is then added to the hydrochloric acid solution which is stirred by a stirring mill at the rotation of 200 revolutions per minute or more. The hydrochloric acid solution is held at a temperature of from 85 to 95° C. for 1 hour while being stirred at 200 rpm. The resultant precipitate of ammonium hexachlororuthenate is filtered. The inventive crystals of precipitated ammonium hexachlororuthenate has 10 mass % or less of moisture content.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, such composition comprises an amide and a hydride. In a dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an imide.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a novel quaternary hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. Further, the present invention provides methods of storing hydrogen in a hydrogen storage composition, and methods of releasing hydrogen by reacting a nitride composition and a hydride composition.

Abstract: A method is provided for the preparation of a hydrogen storage medium having a high hydrogen storage capacity, high reversibility and fast reaction time. A high storage capacity Li3N-containing media with high reversibility is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor for the gas-phase reaction of commercially available gases in the presence of an inert carrier gas to form product gas. The reactor has a streamlined, compact configuration and at least one solids collection and removal system downstream of the reactor, where solids are efficiently removed from the product gas stream, leaving high purity product gas. The removal system allows for a simple reactor design, which is easy to clean and operates continuously over longer periods of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of monochloramine by reaction of an ammonium chloride solution with a sodium hypochlorite solution. The sodium hypochlorite solution is basified beforehand with an inorganic base and the ratio of the concentration of ammonium chloride in the reaction medium to the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in the reaction medium is between 1 and 1.5. This ratio is preferably equal to 1.1.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, such composition comprises an amide and a hydride. In a dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an imide.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, such composition comprises an amide and a hydride. In a dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an imide.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, such composition comprises an amide and a hydride. In a dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an imide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor for the gas-phase reaction of commercially available gases in the presence of an inert carrier gas to form product gas. The reactor has a streamlined, compact configuration and at least one solids collection and removal system downstream of the reactor, where solids are efficiently removed from the product gas stream, leaving high purity product gas. The removal system allows for a simple reactor design, which is easy to clean and operates continuously over longer periods of time.

Abstract: A method for preparing lithium amide is described in which in a first method step lithium metal is reacted with ammonia to form lithium bronze and in a second method step the lithium bronze is reacted with a 1,3-diene or an arylolefin in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: Conjugates of transferrin, albumin and polyethylence glycol consisting of native or thiolated transferrin or albumin or of polyethylene glycol (MW between approximately 5,000 and 20,0000) with at least one HS—, HO— or H2N group and cytostatic compounds derived through maleinimide or N-hydroxysuccinimide ester compounds, such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxandrone, chloroambucil, melphalan, 5-fluorouracyl, 5′-desoxy-5-fluorouridine, thioguanine, methotrexate, paclitaxel, docetaxel, topotecan, 9-aminocamptothecin, etoposide, teniposide, mitopodoside, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine or a compound of general formula A, B, C or D, where n=0-6, X=—NH2, —OH, —COOH, —O—CO—R—COR*, —NH—CO—R—COR*, where R is an aliphatic carbon chain with 1-6 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group and R* H, phenyl, alkyl with 1-6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel fine cisplatin powder utilized as an anticancer agent. The fine cisplatin powder obtained in the present invention does not cause secondary agglomeration, is excellent in fluidity and easily handleable in the pharmaceutical preparation step. Furthermore, the fine cisplatin powder is reduced in the content of N,N-dimethylformamide as the residual solvent, and can be dissolved rapidly in physiological saline, thus being suitable for cancer therapy particularly by intra-arterial injection. This fine powder can be produced by contriving specified means for crystallizing cisplatin from a solution thereof in N,N-dimethylformamide.

Abstract: A chiral ligand system for transition or main group metal catalysts is disclosed. These ligands can be readily synthesized using inexpensive amino acids and diamines as starting materials. Several different transition or main group metals have been inserted into the ligands. The ligands have been shown to have a tetradhedral distortion that may contribute to enhanced chiral transfer from the catalyst to the substrate in chemical modifications of olefins and other reactive substrates. These catalysts have been demonstrated to be effective in catalyzing epoxidation of a variety of substrates.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a semiconductor, including generating a first plasma of a V group element from a V group element source; generating a second plasma of an auxiliary material for activating a metal organic compound containing a III group element separately from and at the same time as the first plasma; adding the vaporized metal organic compound and the plasma of the auxiliary material to the plasma of the V group element; and forming, on a substrate, a film of a semiconductor compound containing the III group element and the V group element. A semiconductor and a semiconductor device having high quality and high functions can be manufactured in a short time at high yield. An amorphous material includes at least hydrogen, a III Group element, preferably gallium, and nitrogen. In the infrared absorption spectrum measured of the amorphous material, the ratio of the absorbance I.sub.N-H, at the absorption peak indicating the bond (N--H) between nitrogen and hydrogen to that, I.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of lithium amide comprising essentially forming lithium bronze by introducing at least 1 equivalent of anhydrous ammonia over a 1 to 5 hour period into a dispersion containing one equivalent of lithium in a liquid hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of up to 40.degree. C., then after the lithium bronze is formed, heating the reaction mixture to 50.degree. to 80.degree. C. for 2 to four hours to decompose the lithium bronze and form a suspension of lithium amide in the solvent from which suspension the lithium amide is recovered.

Abstract: A method of producing copper compounds involves contacting metallic copper with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, with an aqueous solution consisting essentially of water in solution in which is a soluble ammonium salt NH.sub.4 X, where X is the anion of the salt, and with ammonia in an amount such that the solution is initially alkaline. As a result of such contact the metallic copper is initially dissolved to form a copper ammine Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.4 X and the formation of the ammine continues until the saturation concentration of the ammine is reached. Subsequently, the ammine continuously breaks down to form 3Cu(OH).sub.2.CuX.sub.2 and the water soluble products of the ammine decomposition continuously reform the amine by further reaction with the metallic copper and the oxygen on oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous processes which create new chemical compositions of matter prepared by reacting, in the presence of aqueous ammonia or other source of reactive NH.sub.2 groups, an alkali metal hydroxide to raise pH above 12, and further reacting with the addition of a mineral acid. The reactants are added as quickly as possible to obtain a highly exothermic reaction which, when reacted in the described manner will then contain ammonia in solution and form new polymeric water complexes. The mineral acid can be selected from, a phosphorus species, or a halogen species, or a nitrogen species, or a sulfur species, or a carbon species, or a combination of these acid species.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of low-needle silicon nitride of high .alpha.-content, wherein an amorphous nitrogen-containing silane compound is mixed with a crystalline or amorphous compound comprising the elements silicon, phosphorus and nitrogen to form a mixture which is heat-treated at temperatures above 1000.degree. C. to form the low-needle silicon nitride. The present invention also relates to the silicon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compound which is used as the starting material in the process for the production of the low-needle silicon nitride, and the process for the production of the silicon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compound.

Abstract: A process of hexaamminerhodium trihydroxide, hexaammineplatinum (IV) tetrahydroxide, tetraammineplatinum (II) dihydroxide and tetraamminepalladium dihydroxide. Hexaamminerhodium trihydroxide is prepared by forming a solution of hexaamminerhodium (III) chloride by reacting a solution of rhodium (III) chloride and an excess amount of aqueous ammonia, heating the thus formed solution to impart thereto a pH of 7.5 to 8.0, and contacting the hexaamminerhodium (III) chloride solution with an anion exchange resin having an OH form. Hexaammineplatinum (IV) tetrahydroxide is prepared by dissolving ammonium chloroplatinate into aqueous ammonia, and contacting the resulting solution of hexaammineplatinum (IV) tetrachloride with an anion exchange resin having an OH form. Tetraammineplatinum (II) dihydroxide is prepared by contacting a solution of tetraammineplatinum (II) dichloride with an anion exchange resin having an OH form.

Abstract: The invention provides a process to coat dry particles comprising sodium carbonate perhydrate to provide a stable dry particulate solid which releases hydrogen peroxide when contacted with an aqueous solution. The coated particles are readily soluble in water and/or stable when formulated into a solid detergent.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous processes which create new chemical compositions of matter prepared by reacting, in the presence of aqueous ammonia or other source of reactive NH.sub.2 groups, an alkali metal hydroxide to raise pH above 12, and further reacting with the addition of a mineral acid. The reactants are added as quickly as possible to obtain a highly exothermic reaction which, when reacted in the described manner will then contain ammonia in solution and form new polymeric water complexes. The mineral acid can be selected from, a phosphorus species, or a halogen species, or a nitrogen species, or a sulfur species, or a carbon species, or a combination of these acid species.

Abstract: Crystalline hexaamminealuminum iodide monoammoniate is characterized by certain X-ray diffraction lines (CuK.alpha.) of the 15 strongest lines in order of decreasing intensity. Single crystals of hexaamminealuminum iodide monoammoniate crystallize in the space group Pmn2.sub.1 with the lattice constantsa=7.600 [.ANG.]b=13.315 [.ANG.]c=15.051 [.ANG.].alpha.=.beta.=.gamma.=90.degree. and have certain atomic coordinates.Furthermore, processes for the preparation of hexaamminealuminum iodide monoammoniate by reacting aluminum, an iodine compound and ammonia or aluminum iodide and liquid ammonia are described.

Abstract: Silicon nitride powder is prepared in a gas-phase reaction by reacting silicon tetrachloride with ammonia at above 500.degree. C. in a fluidized bed of silicon nitride particles. An amorphous silicon nitride having a BET specific surface area of greater than 50 m.sup.2 /g is used at the beginning of the reaction. The resulting silicon nitride is then separated from the ammonium chloride simultaneously formed.

Abstract: Chloramine is prepared by reacting chlorine with an alkali metal amide or an alkaline earth metal amide or a combination thereof. The resultant chloramine may be reacted further with a tertiary amine to produce a tertiary hydrazinium chloride, which is conveniently converted to anhydrous hydrazine, e.g., via reaction with an alkali metal amide.

Abstract: A process for making ammonolytic precursors to nitride and carbonitride ceramics. Extreme reaction conditions are not required and the precursor is a powder-like substance that produces ceramics of improved purity and morphology upon pyrolysis.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing pure cobalt metal powder. The method involves reducing a cobalt containing source material to produce an intermediate cobalt metal, contacting this intermediate with an ammoniacal ammonium halide solution and a catalyst with oxidation to form a solution of hexamminecobalt(III) ions, removing insoluble material, and adding a sufficient amount of a halide salt to the solution to precipitate hexamminecobalt(III) halide which is separated from the mother liquor. The hexamminecobalt(III) halide precipitate is dissolved in water and the pH is adjusted to greater than about 10 with a base, while the solution is heated at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to form an insoluble cobalt oxide containing material which is separated from its mother liquor and reduced to pure cobalt metal powder.

Abstract: A heat storage material is described which comprises a mixture of sodium sulfate decahydrate or sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, and urea. The mixing ratio by mole of the sulfate decahydrate to urea is in the range of 1:1 to 1:3 and the mixing ratio by mole of the thiosulfate pentahydrate to urea is in the range of 1:2 to 1:8.

Abstract: Apparatus for stacking a web of continuous prefolded paper forms includes a compacting mechanism having a plurality of elongate rigid compacting finger elements vertically suspended in pairs and freely pivotable from a horizontal rotating crankshaft located above and along one side of a paper stack. The finger elements which have a roughened active surface are vertically reciprocated by the crankshaft so that their active surface slidingly engages the topmost fold or edge of the stack during downward movement but disengages the stack during upward movement.

Abstract: A pigment for a color-changing heat indicator comprising a product obtained by interaction of an aqueous solution containing ions of copper and mercury with an aqueous solution of a nitrogen-containing organic compound: an amide of carbonic acid, an amide of thiocarbonic acid, a tertiary amine to give a reaction mixture which is reacted with an aqueous solution containing ions of iodine at an atomic ratio of copper:mercury:iodine equal to 2:1.5:3-5 and an amount of the nitrogen-containing organic compound equal to 0.8-8% of the total content of copper and mercury; the pigment has its critical temperature of from 38.degree. to 70.degree. C. and a heat-resistance of from 160.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing highly purified silicon nitride including the steps of preparing a nitrogen-containing silane selected from the group consisting of tetra-amide-monosilane and silicon imide, and heat-treating the prepared nitrogen-containing silane in the presence of ammonia in an inner atmosphere at a temperature above 400.degree. C. for a period of at least two hours to obtain silicon nitride, and cooling and collecting the silicon nitride thus formed. The step of preparing the nitrogen-containing silane comprises continuously reacting gaseous silicon tetra-chloride with gaseous ammonia in an inner atmosphere at a temperature of from -30.degree. to 70.degree. C. to produce the nitrogen-containing silane as a product and collecting the product. The resultant silicon nitride so produced has a chlorine content of less than 0.05 weight percent and a nitrogen content of over 38 weight percent.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing cis-Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Cl.sub.2 and intermediates. The cis-Pt(NH.sub.3).sub.2 Cl.sub.2 is provided in high yield and purity.

Abstract: A process for preparing cis - Pt (NH.sub.3).sub.2 I.sub.2 from K.sub.2 PtI.sub.4 by adding NH.sub.4 OH under controlled conditions of temperature and pH.

Abstract: Monolefins such as ethylene are reacted with ammonia using alkali metal amide catalysts such as cesium or rubidium amides, or low melting mixtures of amides such as cesium/potassium, cesium/sodium or sodium/potassium amides. Conversions are improved compared to reactions using sodium or potassium amide alone. Conversions of ethylene are improved also when liquid ammonia is present.

Abstract: A low temperature method of preparing finely divided lithium amide. A mixture is first formed of bulk pieces of lithium metal with a catalyst such as active metallic cobalt in an inert liquid aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, at about 0.degree. C. to about -60.degree. C. Anhydrous liquid ammonia is then added, aided by stirring, the lithium metal dissolving, two immiscible phases forming, one a so-called lithium-ammonia bronze solution being the top phase, and the toluene being the bottom phase. The formation of the lithium amide is then effected by raising the temperature under conditions of stirring, hydrogen and excess ammonia being liberated and the lithium amide, generally light grey in color, is formed which separates out in a very finely divided solid state, as a slurry in the toluene, and is recovered.

Abstract: Fine metallic nitride powders having a high purity are prepared, without causing any plugging or other problems in the reaction apparatus and with easy heat control of the reaction, by reacting a metallic halide with liquid ammonia in the presence of an organic solvent which has a specific gravity higher than that of liquid ammonia, and also is not miscible or is only slightly miscible with liquid ammonia at a reaction temperature. The process according to the present invention is effected by introducing the metallic halide into the lower organic solvent layer of the reaction system.

Abstract: Solar energy (called exergy to the extent it is thermodynamically useful) is focussed by an inflated, buyont reflector for heating lithium circulating through an MHD conversion system. Hydrogen and nitrogen are added to the heated lithium, finely divided iron serving as catalyst to obtain lithium amid. The hydrogen has been produced by electrolysis of water. The lithium-lithium amid mixture (liquid) is mixed with pressurized nitrogen to obtain a two phase flow in which the liquid is accelerated; focussed into a jet passing through the MHD converter to obtain hydrazine and additional electrical energy e.g. for the hydrogen electrolysis; and returned to the solar heater. The gas (N.sub.2) is separated; subjected to recuperative heat exchange with itself; and low temperature isothermic compression under direct contact with a liquid which in turn is, ultimately, air cooled. The entire assembly is of elongated construction wherein the main active elements are arranged along a center axis e.g.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks which include heavy hydrocarbon constituents undergo simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion by contacting and reacting such feedstocks with sodamide in the presence of hydrogen and at elevated temperatures. The mixture of reaction products resulting from the above procedure is separated to give a sodium sulfur salt by-product, and a petroleum oil product which has been substantially desulfurized and demetallized, as well as being significantly improved as indicated by a reduced Conradson carbon content and an increased API gravity relative to the feedstock. Sodamide is regenerated from the sodium sulfur salt by-product and can be recycled for reaction with additional feedstock.

Abstract: Silicon nitride bodies are improved by being impregnated with a silicon halide which is then converted to silicon imide in the pores of the body, which, in turn, is converted into silicon nitride.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks which include heavy hydrocarbon constituents undergo simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion by contacting and reacting such feedstocks with sodamide in the presence of hydrogen and at elevated temperatures. The mixture of reaction products resulting from the above procedure is separated to give a sodium sulfur salt by-product, and a petroleum oil product which has been substantially desulfurized and demetallized, as well as being significantly improved as indicated by a reduced Conradson carbon content and an increased API gravity relative to the feedstock. Sodamide is regenerated from the sodium sulfur salt by-product and can be recycled for reaction with additional feedstock.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-soluble compositions useful as the transition metal component in the Ziegler polymerization of .alpha.-olefins are provided by reacting molecular nitrogen or hydrogen with a transition metal compound such as titanium trichloride to form a dinitrogen or dihydrogen complex of the transition metal compound.

Abstract: Articles are electroplated with ruthenium in plating bath containing ruthenium cationic complex [Ru.sub.2 N(NH.sub.3).sub.8 X.sub.2 ].sup.3+. Bath provides advantages of enabling plating in alkaline solution, where desired, and avoids difficulties of protecting articles against attack by acid electrolyte baths.

Abstract: This invention relates to reactions of beta platinum chloride with gaseous ammonia to yield metallic platinum useful in catalysis and other operations and also complexes of beta platinum chloride and ammonia, which complexes are considered to be new compositions and which are contemplated as being useful in cancer research.

Abstract: This invention relates to reactions of beta platinum chloride with gaseous ammonia to yield metallic platinum useful in catalysis and other operations and also complexes of beta platinum chloride and ammonia, which complexes are considered to be new compositions and which are contemplated as being useful in cancer research.

Abstract: Diammonium hydrazinium tetraperchlorate is made by reacting an ammonium compound and a hydrazinium compound preferably in a 2:1 molar ratio with perchloric acid using aqueous perchloric acid containing about 60% to 70% by weight of the acid as a reaction medium. The diammonium hydrazinium tetraperchlorate crystallizes from the solution and may be recovered therefrom by filtration, decantation or centrifuging. The tetraperchlorate formed is useful as the oxidizer component of solid rocket propellants, pyrotechnic compositions and gas generators.

Abstract: Chloramine is continuously manufactured on a large scale by reacting gase chlorine with gaseous ammonia. Recovery of the chloramine is then effected by purging the area adjacent to the reactor discharge zone with either an inert gas or ammonia, and entraining the product steam in a high velocity jet of a cooling gas.

Abstract: Novel water soluble, inorganic complexes are obtained by reacting, in the presence of aqueous ammonia, at least one non-alkaline metal selected from Groups I-VIII of the Periodic Table with an alkali metal hydroxide. An excess of the non-alkaline metal or metals is introduced into a reaction vessel, preferably already containing the aqueous ammonia, and the alkali metal hydroxide is thereafter incrementally added in such manner as to create localized areas of high concentration and pH approaching a value of 14. The hydrooxide in these areas of high concentration, in combination with reactive NH.sub.2 groups provided by the aqueous ammonia, causes erosion of the non-alkaline metal, the formation of non-alkaline metal ions and the production of a monomeric, metal amide complex.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced from water by the addition of heat to a series of chemical reactions which comprise the reaction of cadmium with water, and the subsequent recovery of the cadmium for re-use. The equipment used to produce the hydrogen requires only the input of water and heat to produce an output of hydrogen and oxygen gas.

Abstract: A method for generating hydrogen. Metallic zinc or metallic zinc coated with a film of a dissimilar metal, a dissimiliar metal oxide, or a dissimiliar metal oxide complex is contacted through the medium of an aqueous solution of (i) neutral ammonium carbonate, (ii) neutral ammonium carbonate and an ammonium salt of an inorganic acid, (iii) an ammonium salt of an inorganic acid and ammonia water, or (iv) neutral ammonium carbonate, an ammonium salt of an inorganic acid and ammonia water with an ammonium complex salt of a metal other than zinc.

Abstract: Fine metallic nitride powders having a high purity are prepared, without causing any plugging or other problems in the reaction apparatus and with easy heat control of the reaction, by reacting a metallic halide with liquid ammonia in the presence of an organic solvent which has a specific gravity higher than that of liquid ammonia, and also is not miscible or is only slightly miscible with liquid ammonia at a reaction temperature. The process according to the present invention is effected by introducing the metallic halide into the lower organic solvent layer of the reaction system.