Abstract: The present invention provides active compositions that contain an aluminum system active, a buffer comprising urea or an amino acid in free or salt form; and a calcium ion source. The compositions are stable at high pH; i.e., at a pH above 4 or 5, reaching neutral or basic pH.

Abstract: A process for making solid lubricants or lubricant additives or lubricant modifiers may include synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) nanoplatelets, nanorods, or nanowires of MoO3 and WO3. The process may also include creating hollow hexagonal ZnO nanotubes by refluxing a mixture of zinc nitrate and urea at a predefined temperature or a range of temperatures for a predefined period or periods of time. The process may further include growing the hollow hexagonal ZnO nanotubes around platelets, nanorods, or nanowires of the MoO3 or WO3. The process may also include creating a solid lubricant in a core-shell configuration from the hollow hexagonal ZnS nanotubes with an embedded hexagonal core of MoS2 or WS2.

Abstract: When a scintillator and a reinforcing member are bonded by using an adhesive, scattering and reflection occur at interfaces between the scintillator and the adhesive and between the adhesive and the reinforcing member. Due to this, a blurred image is formed on a sensor, and the resolution deteriorates. A radiation detecting element comprises: a substrate transparent to visible light; and a fluorescent screen that emits fluorescence in response to radiation by a dopant added to a material that is the same as a material of the substrate, wherein the fluorescent screen is thinner than the substrate, and the substrate and the fluorescent screen are bonded while maintaining continuity of a refractive index.

Abstract: Provided are methods for preparing and using reaction vessels obtained or obtainable by 3D-printing methods, including a method for preparing a product compound, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a reaction vessel that is obtained by a 3-D printing method, wherein the reaction vessel has a reaction space; (ii) providing one or more reagents, optionally together with a catalyst or a solvent, for use in the synthesis of the product compound; and (iii) permitting the one or more reagents to react in the reaction space, optionally in the presence of the catalyst and the solvent, in the reaction vessel, thereby to form the product compound.

Abstract: Different methods for the preparation of high purity NaAlCl4 are disclosed. The methods includes charging a feed having an intimate mixture of aluminum chloride, sodium chloride, and aluminum metal, to a reactor at an initial temperature less than about 80° C., carrying out a solid state reaction to form a solid NaAlCl4 at an intermediate temperature less than about 145° C., melting the formed solid NaAlCl4 at an elevated temperature greater than about 150° C. to produce molten phase NaAlCl4, holding the reactor at a raised temperature greater than about 165° C. to substantially complete formation of colorless NaAlCl4 and filtering the reactor contents at a final temperature greater than about 165° C.

Abstract: The present invention concerns inorganic nanostructures comprising soft metals at low concentrations and catalytic processes utilizing soft metals for obtaining inorganic nanostructures.

Abstract: The method described herein allows for melt stabilization and vapor-phase synthesis of a cesium germanium halide utilizing germanium dihalides formed in situ. This disclosure allows for the melting of cesium germanium halides without decomposition, which allows for growing crystals of these materials from the melt. This disclosure allows for a direct synthesis of these materials without the use of water or the introduction of other possible contaminants.

Abstract: A positive-electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure contains a layered lithium(Li)-containing transition metal composite oxide that contains Li in the transition metal layer and more than 0.4 ?mol/g and less than 25 ?mol/g of iodine (I) or bromine (Br).

Abstract: A method of increasing a work function of an electrode is provided. The method comprises obtaining an electronegative species from a precursor using electromagnetic radiation and reacting a surface of the electrode with the electronegative species. An electrode comprising a functionalized substrate is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a scintillator plate including a crystalline body formed of a compound having a crystal structure of a Cs3Cu2I5 crystal and a substrate, in which an orientation of the crystalline body is an a-axis group orientation with respect to a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are methods for preparing and using reaction vessels obtained or obtainable by 3D-printin methods, including a method for preparing a product compound, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a reaction vessel that is obtained by a 3-D printing method, wherein the reaction vessel has a reaction space; (ii) providing one or more reagents, optionally together with a catalyst or a solvent, for use in the synthesis of the product compound; and (iii) permitting the one or more reagents to react in the reaction space, optionally in the presence of the catalyst and the solvent, in the reaction vessel, thereby to form the product compound.

Abstract: A process for treating a milled product to reduce microbial activity at a high confidence level is disclosed. A sterile ready to eat milled product at a high confidence of sterility is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3 comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a Pd(II) complex with an alkali metal halide in at least one alcohol solvent; and (b) reacting the product of step (a) with a mixture comprising dibenzylideneacetone, chloroform and an inorganic base to form Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3.

Abstract: The present method describes the absorbing and desorbing of a gaseous reactant on a solid reactant. The solid reactant is an ammonia salt selected from the group consisting of alkali ammonium salts, alkali ammonium earth salts or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing a suspension of LDH particles comprises the steps of preparing LDH precipitates by coprecipitation to form a mixture of LDH precipitates and solution; separating the LDH precipitates from the solution; washing the LDH precipitates to remove residual ions; mixing the LDH precipitates with water; and subjecting the mixture of LDH particles and water from step (d) to a hydrothermal treatment step by heating to a temperature of from greater than 80° C. to 150° C. for a period of about 1 hour to about 48 hours to form a well dispersed suspension of LDH particles in water.

Abstract: An iron oxyhydroxide includes a plurality of iron oxyhydroxide octahedra components, a plurality of chloride components and at least one of germanium hydroxide components or germanium oxide components. The iron oxyhydroxide octahedra components form a tunnel-type structure. The chloride components are disposed in a tunnel of the tunnel-type structure and bonded to at least one of the iron hydroxide octahedra components. The germanium hydroxide components or the germanium oxide components substitute for at least one of the chloride components.

Abstract: This invention discloses a solid-based synthesis of cesium tin tri-iodide (CsSnI3). More specifically, the CsSnI3 is fabricated in a 3 zone high temperature resisting tube by the solid-phase sintering method. CsSnI3 are ideally suited for a wide range of applications such as light emitting and photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material for reversible hydrogen storage comprising a complex hydride based on one or more anions selected among BH4?, MgH3?, MH4? and MH63? (M=Al, Ga, In), and one or more cations, where the material has obtained amended stability due to substitution of the complex hydride phase itself. The invention also relates to a process for preparation of the material and use thereof, and a process for reversible hydrogen storage.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anode active material for secondary batteries enabling intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, the anode active material comprising lithium metal oxide containing a halogen atom.

Abstract: Salts of mineral nutrients stabilized with amino acids and/or ammonium salt, product and food supplement in which they are included and procedures of obtention, where the salts are obtained with anions of organic acids or inorganic anions and metallic cations associated with amino acids and/or ammonium salt, in which the invention introduces its general structure: {[Ac]n?·Men+?n[Amino acid and/or ammonium salt]}·xH2O Where ? represents a covalent dative bond, These new compounds have better taste and more solubility in water, making them more bioavailable.

Abstract: The invention concerns Au(III) complexes of the type [AuIIIX2(Pdtc)] (X=halogen, pseudo-halogen; pdtc=peptide-/esterified peptidedithiocarbamato) which are able to both maintain the antitumor properties and the lack of nephrotoxic side-effects of the previously reported Au(III)-dithiocarbamato complexes, together with an improved bioavailability through the peptide-mediated cellular internalization. The Au(III) complexes described have shown a significant biological activity on human tumor cell lines and, thus, they can be advantageously used as antineoplastic agents. The preparation method and use for the treatment of tumor pathologies of the Au(III) complexes of the invention are further described.

Abstract: The method described herein allows for melt stabilization and vapor-phase synthesis of a cesium germanium halide utilizing germanium dihalides formed in situ. This disclosure allows for the melting of cesium germanium halides without decomposition, which allows for growing crystals of these materials from the melt. This disclosure allows for a direct synthesis of these materials without the use of water or the introduction of other possible contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3 comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a Pd(II) complex with an alkali metal halide in at least one alcohol solvent; and (b) reacting the product of step (a) with a mixture comprising dibenzylideneacetone, chloroform and an inorganic base to form Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3.

Abstract: A method for converting depleted uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) to triuranium octaoxide (U3O8), and producing sulfur tetrafluoride, using a two step process. The first step uses heat and a mixture of the uranium tetrafluoride and an alkaline compound, either an alkaline oxide or an alkaline hydroxide, to produce U3O8 and a water-soluble metal halide. The second step uses heat, sulfur and a halogen to produce sulfur tetrafluoride and triuranium octaoxide.

Abstract: A chemochromic indicator is provided that includes a hypergolic fuel sensing chemochromic pigment that change from a first color to a second color in the presence of a hypergolic fuel. In a first embodiment, a chemochromic indicator is provided for detecting the presence of a hypergolic fuel such that the irreversible hypergolic fuel sensing chemochromic pigment includes potassium tetrachloroaurate (KAuCl4). There are several types of chemochromic indicators, for example, the article used to form the chemochromic indicators include, but are not limited to, wipe materials, silicone/TEFLON tape, manufactured parts, fabrics, extruded parts, and paints.

Abstract: An alkali-earth vanadate compound functioning as a phosphor is a reaction product of vanadium oxide and an alkaline-earth metal or salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention pertains to methods and compositions for preventing or reducing microbial contamination using a silver (III) periodate as antimicrobial active hi a preferred embodiment the silver (III) periodate is used in a coating upon a medical device or implant to confer coating uniformity and antimicrobial efficacy. Also provided is a method of synthetising a silver (III) periodate in high yield by heating a source of single valency silver ions in water and subsequently combining it with a heated solution comprising persulfate, a by droxide, and a periodate.

Abstract: An iron oxyhydroxide includes a plurality of iron oxyhydroxide octahedra components, a plurality of chloride components and at least one of germanium hydroxide components or germanium oxide components. The iron oxyhydroxide octahedra components form a tunnel-type structure. The chloride components are disposed in a tunnel of the tunnel-type structure and bonded to at least one of the iron hydroxide octahedra components. The germanium hydroxide components or the germanium oxide components substitute for at least one of the chloride components.

Abstract: As population density increases, the transportation of hazardous chemicals, including acids and disinfectants, lead to an increased incidence of spills while the consequences of spills become more serious. While solutions of halide acids, hypohalites and halites are safer disinfectants for transportation, handling, storage and use than traditional gaseous chlorine, the manufacturing cost of these disinfectants has here-to-fore limited their use. Economical processes are presented for the manufacture of O2, halogen oxides, halide acids, hypohalites, and halates; as well as polynucleate metal compounds, metal hydroxides and calcium sulfate hydrate (gypsum). The instant invention presents methods and processes that incorporate the use of sulfur. This is while environmental regulators, such as the US EPA, require an increased removal of sulfur from hydrocarbon fuels, thereby creating an abundance of sulfur, such that the refining industry is in need of a way to dispose of said abundance of sulfur.

Abstract: A half-metallic antiferromagnetic material that is chemically stable and has a stable magnetic structure is provided. The half metallic antiferromagnetic material according the present invention is a compound containing two or more magnetic elements and a halogen, the two or more magnetic elements containing a magnetic element having fewer than 5 effective d electrons and a magnetic element having more than 5 effective d electrons. In addition, a total number of effective d electrons of the two or more magnetic elements is 10 or a value close to 10.

Abstract: A method of producing a Ca—La—F based transparent ceramic, including: mixing CaF2 particles and LaF3 particles that are prepared separately from the CaF2 particles to form a mixed body of particles, and sintering the mixed body of particles and making the mixed body transparent, thereby producing a transparent ceramic.

Abstract: A fire-retardant composition comprising an ammonium polyphosphate, a suspending agent and an effective amount of a corrosion inhibiting agent. When in solution the corrosion inhibiting agent includes at least one ion selected from the group of ions consisting of aluminum ions, ferric ions, calcium ions and magnesium ions. Said ions complex an effective amount of fluoride ions present in the fire-retardant composition to reduce the corrosiveness of the fire-retardant composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a clean method for preparing layered double hydroxides (LDHs), in which hydroxides of different metals are used as starting materials for production of LDHs by atom-economical reactions. The atom efficiency of the reaction is 100% in each case because all the atoms of the reactants are converted into the target product since only M2+(OH)2, M3+(OH)3, and CO2 or HnAn? are used, without any NaOH or other materials. Since there is no by-product, filtration or washing process is unnecessary. The consequent reduction in water consumption is also beneficial to the environment.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayered nanostructure including at least one first layered nanotube including at least one first inorganic material and having an inner void holding at least one second layered nanotube including at least one second inorganic material; where the at least on first nanotube and at least one second nanotube differ in at least one of structure and material. Further provided are processes for the manufacture of multilayered nanostructures and uses thereof.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element formed of a sintered body of a semiconductor comprising at least two kinds of elements selected from the group consisting of Bi, Te, Se and Sb, and having a micro-Vickers' hardness of not smaller than 0.5 GPa. The thermoelectric element has a hardness of not smaller than 0.5 GPa, and exhibits a large resistance against deformation, and is not easily broken by deformation. As a result, breakage due to deformation is prevented and a highly reliable thermoelectric element is realized even when a shape factor which is a ratio of the sectional area of the thermoelectric element to the height thereof, is increased and even when the element density is increased.

Abstract: A mixed metal compound for pharmaceutical use is free from aluminium and has a phosphate binding capacity of at least 30%, by weight of the total weight of phosphate present, over a pH range of from 2-8. The compound is especially useful for treatment of hyperphosphataemia. The metals are preferably iron (III) and at least one of calcium, magnesium, lanthanum and cerium. A metal sulphate for pharmaceutical use is selected from at least one of calcium, lanthanum and cerium sulphate compounds and has a phosphate binding capacity of at least 30% by weight of the total phosphate present, over a pH range from 2-8.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (An)m+[My(H2O)pXzZ2W18O66]m?1 or solvates thereof, wherein A represents a cation acting as counterion of the polyanion, n is the number of the cations A, m is the charge of the polyoxoanion, M represents a transition metal selected from Cu, Zn, Pd, Pt and mixtures thereof, y is the number of transition metals M and is a number from greater than 4 to less than 6, p is a number of water molecules and is a number from 0 to 10, X is a halide selected from F, Cl, Br, I and mixtures thereof, z is a number of halides and is a number from 0 to 6 and Z represents a heteroatom selected from SbIII, BiIII, AsIII, SeIV and TeIV.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing polycrystalline silicon at relatively low cost, wherein the amount of waste generated is reduced by decreasing the amount of waste generated in producing polycrystalline silicon from silicon chloride by a method of reduction and increasing the amount of reused auxiliary raw materials. In the production of polycrystalline silicon using a gas phase reaction of a silicon chloride gas and a reducing agent gas, a chlorine gas is blown into an exhaust gas discharged from a reaction device to initiate a reaction, an unreacted reducing agent and silicon particles contained in the exhaust gas are chlorinated, and then a reducing agent chloride contained in the exhaust gas is separated from the other impurities and recovered.

Abstract: A mixed metal compound for pharmaceutical use is free from aluminium and has a phosphate binding capacity of at least 30%, by weight of the total weight of phosphate present, over a pH range of from 2-8. The compound is especially useful for treatment of hyperphosphataemia. The metals are preferably iron (III) and at least one of calcium, magnesium, lanthanum and cerium. A metal sulphate for pharmaceutical use is selected from at least one of calcium, lanthanum and cerium sulphate compounds and has a phosphate binding capacity of at least 30% by weight of the total phosphate present, over a pH range from 2-8.

Abstract: Crystalline scintillator materials comprising nano-scale particles of metal halides are provided. The nano-scale particles are less than 100 nm in size. Methods are provided for preparing the particles. In these methods, ionic liquids are used in place of water to allow precipitation of the final product. In one method, the metal precursors and halide salts are dissolved in separate ionic liquids to form solutions, which are then combined to form the nano-crystalline end product. In the other methods, micro-emulsions are formed using ionic liquids to control particle size.

Abstract: This invention discloses a wavelength converting material. The wavelength converting material comprises a metal haloaluminate compound phosphor with a chemical formula Mw-pAlyOzXq:Rp, wherein M is at least one element selected from the group of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn; X is at least one element selected from the group of F, Cl, Br, and I; R is one or more elements selected from the group of the transition metals and at least one element selected from the lanthanide series. Because the emitting wavelength of the metal haloaluminate compound phosphor is 550˜650 nm which is from the green to the red light spectrum, the white light mixed by the converted light of the metal haloaluminate phosphor and the blue light has better color rendering index. Besides, this invention also discloses the optoelectronic devices comprising the metal haloaluminate compound phosphor.

Abstract: Ammonium hexachlororuthenate is produced by adding ammonium chloride to a hydrochloric acid solution containing ruthenium. The ammonium hexachlororuthenate is baked to obtain the ruthenium powder. When the moisture content of the ammonium hexachlororuthenate is high, the baked product is so hard sintered product that its pulverization is not easy. In accordance with the present invention, the following steps are carried out. Hydrochloric acid solution containing ruthenium is held at a temperature of 80 to 95° C. for three hours or longer. The ammonium chloride is then added to the hydrochloric acid solution which is stirred by a stirring mill at the rotation of 200 revolutions per minute or more. The hydrochloric acid solution is held at a temperature of from 85 to 95° C. for 1 hour while being stirred at 200 rpm. The resultant precipitate of ammonium hexachlororuthenate is filtered. The inventive crystals of precipitated ammonium hexachlororuthenate has 10 mass % or less of moisture content.

Abstract: A radiation detector crystal is made from CdxZn1-xTe, where 0?x?1; an element from column III or column VII of the periodic table, desirably in a concentration of about 1 to 10,000 atomic parts per billion; and the element Ruthenium (Ru), the element Osmium (Os) or the combination of Ru and Os, desirably in a concentration of about 1 to 10,000 atomic parts per billion using a conventional crystal growth method, such as, for example, the Bridgman method, the gradient freeze method, the electro-dynamic gradient freeze method, the so-call traveling heater method or by the vapor phase transport method. The crystal can be used as the radiation detecting element of a radiation detection device configured to detect and process, without limitation, X-ray and Gamma ray radiation events.

Abstract: Disclosed is metal composite oxides having the new crystal structure. Also disclosed are ionic conductors including the metal composite oxides and electrochemical devices comprising the ionic conductors. The metal composite oxides have an ion channel formed for easy movement of ions due to crystallographic specificity resulting from the ordering of metal ion sites and metal ion defects within the unit cell. Therefore, the metal composite oxides according to the present invention are useful in an electrochemical device requiring an ionic conductor or ionic conductivity.

Abstract: A pretreatment agent for a sample to be subjected to Limulus assay comprising an alkali metal sulfate and/or an alkaline earth metal sulfate wherein the sulfate(s) has a final concentration of 20 mM or more when the sulfate(s) is allowed to contact with the sample, or an alkali metal halide and/or an alkaline earth metal halide wherein the halide(s) has a final concentration of from 0.4 M to 1.2 M or less when the halide(s) is allowed to contact with the sample, or a kit for Limulus assay reagent comprising thereof as a composing article.

Abstract: Crystalline scintillator materials comprising nano-scale particles of metal halides are provided. The nano-scale particles are less than 100 nm in size. Methods are provided for preparing the particles. In these methods, ionic liquids are used in place of water to allow precipitation of the final product. In one method, the metal precursors and halide salts are dissolved in separate ionic liquids to form solutions, which are then combined to form the nano-crystalline end product. In the other methods, micro-emulsions are formed using ionic liquids to control particle size.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (An)m+[My(H2O)pXzZ2W18O66]m? or solvates thereof, wherein A represents a cation acting as counterion of the polyanion, n is the number of the cations A, m is the charge of the polyoxoanion, M represents a transition metal selected from Cu, Zn, Pd, Pt and mixtures thereof, y is the number of transition metals M and is a number from greater than 4 to less than 6, p is a number of water molecules and is a number from 0 to 10, X is a halide selected from F, Cl, Br, I and mixtures thereof, z is a number of halides and is a number from 0 to 6 and Z represents a heteroatom selected from SbIII, BiIII, AsIII, SeIV and TeIV. This invention also relates to a method to make polyoxometalates represented by the formula (II): (An)m+[My(H2O)pXzZ2W18O66]m? or solvates thereof, where y is the number of transition metals M and is a number from greater than 4 to less than or equal to 6, and A, n, m, M p, X, z, Z, are as defined for formula (I).

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of a novel polyaluminum calcium hydroxychloride composition of enhanced efficiency for water treatment, paper sizing, and antiperspirant applications. The polyaluminum calcium hydroxychloride compositions are prepared via the acidification of higher basicity reaction products to form mid-to-high basicity final products. Two methods are provided for the preparation of higher basicity products, contemplated in the first, and an aqueous acid solution, such as hydrochloric acid, aluminum chloride, or a mixture thereof, is mixed with a strong alkaline calcium salt such as calcium oxide or calcium carbonate and aluminum powder at temperatures greater than 60° C. In a second method, bauxite, aluminum hydrate, or aluminum metal, and calcium aluminate are mixed with hydrochloric acid and are reacted at high temperatures and/or elevated pressures for a certain period of time whereby, when the reaction is complete, the mixtures are filtered to obtain clear solutions.

Abstract: A method for efficiently extracting minerals of high purity from deep ocean water by using low temperature vacuum crystal is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. The positive active material includes at least one compound represented by formulas 1 to 4 and a metal oxide or composite metal oxide layer formed on the compound. LixNi1?yMnyF2??(1) LixNi1?yMnyS2??(2) LixNi1-?y?2MnyMzO2?aFa??(3) LixNi1?y?zMnyMzO2?aSa??(4) (where M is selected from the group consisting of Co, Mg, Fe, Sr, Ti, B, Si, Ga, Al, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No and Lr, 0.95?x?1.1, 0<y?0.99, 0?z?0.5, and 0?a?0.5).