Abstract: An inorganic compound for a Li-ion conductor includes an oxyhalide compound with a chemical composition of MOX where M is at least one of Al, Sc, La, and Y, and X is at least one of F, Cl, Br, and I. Also, the oxyhalide compound has a thermal decomposition start temperature of the oxyhalide compound is greater than a thermal decomposition start temperature of FeOCl and a conductivity that is general equal to or greater than a conductivity of the FeOCl.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing an inorganic precursor for an ionic conductor includes mixing at least one oxide of M with at least one halide of M, heating the mixture of the at least one oxide of M and the at least one halide of M and forming an MOX inorganic oxyhalide compound, and injecting defects in the MOX inorganic oxyhalide compound and forming a defect doped (MOX)? precursor for an ionic conductor. The element or component M is selected from at least one of Fe, Al, La, and Y, the at least one halide of M is selected from at least one of a fluoride of M, a chloride of M, a bromide of M, and an iodide of M, and the element or component X is at least one of F, Cl, Br, and I.

Abstract: A lithium electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and in particular, to a lithium electrode including a lithium metal layer; and a surface treatment layer formed on the lithium metal layer, wherein the surface treatment layer includes a surface treatment compound including a functional group capable of bonding with lithium metal and a hydrocarbon group substituted with one or more fluorine. By being provided with a surface treatment layer including a specific functional group, the lithium electrode improves stability of lithium metal as well as suppressing side reactions on the surface, and thereby allows high capacity, high stability and long lifetime of a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Li-ion cells area, particularly relates to lithium source material and preparation method thereof and use in Li-ion cells. Wherein the lithium source material which is represented by a formula LiyFe1-xMxO4Rz, wherein M represents one or more of transition metal elements, R represents halogen element, 0?x?0.9, 0<z?0.2, 3.5<y?[5(1?x)+6x]. The lithium source material of the present invention which is lithium deficient relative to its stoichiometric lithium formulation, is a lithium source additive material to the cathode material for Li-ion cells, and exhibits high capacity and high stability.

Abstract: A method for obtaining high-purity phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5), which is industrially useful in the fields of semiconductors and batteries, from PF5 containing a gas mixture of HCl, HF, and so on. Specifically, provided is a process for purifying phosphorus pentafluoride including (1) an immobilization step in which phosphorus pentafluoride containing a mixture is brought into contact with a metal fluoride (MFn; M is an n-valent metal) having a specific surface area of 1.0 m2/g or more at 40° to 150° C. to immobilize phosphorus pentafluoride in the form of a hexafluorophosphate (M(PF6)n), (2) a separation step in which the mixture remaining in the gas phase is expelled out of the reaction system to separate the mixture from the hexafluorophosphate, and (3) a heat-decomposition step in which the hexafluorophosphate freed of the mixture is heated at 150° to 400° C. under a pressure of ?0.1 to 0.1 MPa·G to give phosphorus pentafluoride.

Abstract: A fused product including lithium-manganese spinel, which is optionally doped, having a spinel structure AB2O4, where the site A is occupied by lithium and the site B is occupied by manganese, it being possible for the site B to be doped with an element B? and it being possible for the site A to exert a substoichiometry or a superstoichiometry with respect to the site B, so that the product observes the formula Li(1+x)Mn(2?y)B?yO4, with ?0.20?x?0.4 and 0?y?1, the element B? being chosen from aluminum, cobalt, nickel, chromium, iron, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, copper, zinc, gallium, calcium, niobium, yttrium, barium, silicon, boron, zirconium and their mixtures.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a molten material (the crystallized portion of which consists of a single crystalline phase), includes a) mixing raw materials so as to form a feedstock; b) melting the feedstock until a liquid mass reaches a temperature higher than the melting temperature Tf of the molten material obtained at the end of step e); c) cooling until the liquid mass is completely solidified to obtain a molten material, the amorphous phase of which is constitutes less than 80 wt % thereof; d) optionally crushing/grinding and/or performing selection by particle size on the molten material; e) optionally, heat-treating the molten material at a temperature which is an increment lower than the melting temperature of the molten material and is between Tf?800° C. (or 500° C.) and Tf?50° C., for a period of time in a reducing environment; and f) optionally, crushing/grinding and/or performing selection by particle size on said molten material.

Abstract: A transition metal hydroxy-anion electrode material for lithium-ion battery cathodes includes the charge-neutral structure Mx(OH)n(XO4)m, where M is one or more transition metals, x is the total number of transition metal atoms, X is sulfur or phosphorus, and x, n, and m are integers. (OH)n(XO4)m is a hydroxysulfate or hydroxyphosphate, and M can be one or more (e.g., a solid solution of) transition metals selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium, cobalt, zinc, chromium, and molybdenum. A lithium-ion battery may have a cathode including Mx(OH)n(XO4)m as a cathode material, and an electronic device may include a lithium-ion battery having a cathode including Mx(OH)n(XO4)m as a cathode material.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrolysis catalysts formed from cobalt, oxygen and buffering electrolytes (e.g. fluoride). They can be formed as a coating on an anode by conducting an electrolysis reaction using an electrolyte containing cobalt and an anionic buffering electrolyte. The catalysts will facilitate the conversion of water to oxygen and hydrogen gas at a range of mildly acidic conditions. Alternatively, these anodes can be used with cathodes that facilitate other desirable reactions such as converting carbon dioxide to methanol.

Abstract: Provided is a technology for producing a positive electrode active substance mainly composed of FeOF having a sufficient charge-discharge capacity, in the short-time and easy manner. Also provided is a positive electrode active substance mainly composed of FeOF. The method for producing the positive electrode active substance mainly composed of FeOF comprises the steps of admixing iron oxide Fe2O3 and iron fluoride FeF3 both in solid states, and melt-quenching the mixture in an atmosphere of inert gas. The positive electrode active substance mainly composed of FeOF is composed of not less than 50% by weight of FeOF with a remainder being iron fluoride FeF3 and/or iron oxide Fe2O3.

Abstract: The invention is directed to calcium fluoride crystal optics with improved laser durability that can be used for the transmission of below 250 nanometer (nm) electromagnetic radiation. The optics consists of CaF2 as the major component and Mg in an amount in the range of 13 ppm to 20 ppm while Ce and Mn are <0.5 ppm. The doped crystal and optics made therefrom have a ratio of 515/380 nm transmission loss of less than 0.3 after exposure to greater than 2.8 MRads of ?-radiation. Further, the doped crystal and optics made therefrom exhibit a greatly improved lifetime as shown by ALDT testing to at least 1 billion pulses.

Abstract: A complex fluoride A2MF6 wherein M is a tetravalent element Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge or Sn, A is an alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs is prepared by providing a first solution containing a fluoride of M, providing a second solution containing a compound of A and/or the compound of A in solid form, mixing the first solution with the second solution and/or the solid for reacting the fluoride of M with the compound of A, and recovering the resulting solid product via solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: A method of increasing a work function of an electrode is provided. The method comprises obtaining an electronegative species from a precursor using electromagnetic radiation and reacting a surface of the electrode with the electronegative species. An electrode comprising a functionalized substrate is also provided.

Abstract: The deep red light-emitting magnesium fluorogermanate phosphor prepared by calcining a mixture comprising a fine magnesium oxide powder having a BET specific surface area in the range of 5-200 m2/g, a fluorine compound, a germanium compound and a manganese compound gives a light emission having a maximum peak of increased strength in the wavelength region of 640-680 nm upon excitation with a light having a wavelength of 400 nm.

Abstract: Direct synthesis methods are generally provided that include reacting Na2(WO4).2H2O (and/or Na2(GeO4).2H2O) with NaF in an inert atmosphere at a reaction temperature of about 950° C. to about 1400° C., along with the resulting structures and compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a compound of the formula KmgF3 to trap metals in the form of fluorides and/or of oxyfluorides in a gaseous or liquid phase. It also relates to a compound of the formula KMgF3 which has a surface area at least equal to 30 m2/g and at most equal to 150 m2/g and also to its methods of preparation. The invention notably finds application in the nuclear industry, in which it can advantageously be used to purify uranium hexafluoride (UF6) present in a gaseous or liquid stream, with regard to metal impurities which are also present in this stream.

Abstract: A process for treating a milled product to reduce microbial activity at a high confidence level is disclosed. A sterile ready to eat milled product at a high confidence of sterility is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for treating a zirconia-based material comprises reacting, in a reaction step, the zirconia-based material with ammonium bifluoride, NH4F.HF. An ammonium fluorozirconic compound is produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a compound of formula KMgF3 to trap metals present in the form of fluorides and/or of oxyfluorides in a gaseous or liquid phase. It also relates to a compound of formula KMgF3 which has a surface specific area at least equal to 30 m2/g and at most equal to 150 m2/g and also to its methods of preparation. The invention notably finds application in the nuclear industry, in which it can advantageously be used to purify uranium hexafluoride (UF6) present in a gaseous or liquid stream, with regard to metal impurities which are also present in this stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a fluorine-containing complex salt, characterized by that, on a reaction mother liquor containing a plurality of cation species and a fluoroanion in a state that they have been dissolved in a solvent, a trigger for accelerating decomposition of the fluoroanion is allowed to act, thereby precipitating a complex salt containing a plurality of cation species and fluorine, as a solid, from the reaction mother liquor. According to this process, it is possible to produce a monodispersed fluorine-containing complex salt with uniform particle size and shape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material for reversible hydrogen storage comprising a complex hydride based on one or more anions selected among BH4?, MgH3?, MH4? and MH63? (M=Al, Ga, In), and one or more cations, where the material has obtained amended stability due to substitution of the complex hydride phase itself. The invention also relates to a process for preparation of the material and use thereof, and a process for reversible hydrogen storage.

Abstract: A Ca—La—F based transparent ceramic, including: mixing CaF2 particles and LaF3 particles that are prepared separately from the CaF2 particles to form a mixed body of particles, and sintering the mixed body of particles and making the mixed body transparent, thereby producing a transparent ceramic.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anode active material for secondary batteries enabling intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, the anode active material comprising lithium metal oxide containing a halogen atom.

Abstract: A material composition for forming a free layer in a STT structure (such as a single or dual MTJ structure) can include CoxFeyMz, where M is a non-magnetic material that assists in forming a good crystalline orientation and matching between the free layer and an MgO interface. The material M preferably either does not segregate to the MgO interface or, if it does segregate to the MgO interface, it does not significantly reduce the PMA of the free layer. The free layer can further include a connecting layer, where M is attracted to the insertion layer during annealing. The free layer can include a graded composition of CoxFeyMz, where z changes within the free layer.

Abstract: Methods for producing aluminum trifluoride by acid digestion of fluoride salts of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and aluminum, optionally, in the presence of a source of silicon; methods for producing silane that include acid digestion of by-products of silane production to produce aluminum trifluoride.

Abstract: A process for treating a zirconia-based material comprises reacting, in a reaction step, the zirconia-based material with ammonium bifluoride, NH4F.HF. An ammonium fluorozirconic compound is produced.

Abstract: A complex fluoride A2MF6 wherein M is a tetravalent element Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge or Sn, A is an alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs is prepared by providing a first solution containing a fluoride of M, providing a second solution containing a compound of A and/or the compound of A in solid form, mixing the first solution with the second solution and/or the solid for reacting the fluoride of M with the compound of A, and recovering the resulting solid product via solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to calcium fluoride crystal optics with improved laser durability that can be used for the transmission of below 250 nanometer (nm) electromagnetic radiation. The optics consist of CaF2 as the major component and, in one embodiment, at least one dopant/amount selected >0.3-1200 ppm Mg, >0.3-200 ppm Sr, >0.3-200 ppm Ba, while Ce and Mn are <0.5 ppm. The doped crystal and optics made therefrom have a ratio of 515/380 nm transmission loss of less than 0.3 after exposure to greater than 2.8 MRads of ?-radiation.

Abstract: A fluoride ion cleaning method includes generating hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas in-situ in a cleaning retort; contacting a part in need of cleaning with the generated HF gas; scrubbing an initial effluent stream in-situ to substantially remove residual HF gas therefrom; and passing the scrubbed effluent gas stream out of the cleaning retort. In an exemplary method, a liquid or gaseous halogenated feedstock is introduced into a cleaning retort; hydrogen gas is introduced into the cleaning retort, HF gas is generated by a reaction of the feedstock with hydrogen gas at a sufficient temperature. In an exemplary method, only HF gas generated in-situ or reconstituted in-situ is utilized in the cleaning process.

Abstract: A method of producing a Ca—La—F based transparent ceramic, including: mixing CaF2 particles and LaF3 particles that are prepared separately from the CaF2 particles to form a mixed body of particles, and sintering the mixed body of particles and making the mixed body transparent, thereby producing a transparent ceramic.

Abstract: A fire-retardant composition comprising an ammonium polyphosphate, a suspending agent and an effective amount of a corrosion inhibiting agent. When in solution the corrosion inhibiting agent includes at least one ion selected from the group of ions consisting of aluminum ions, ferric ions, calcium ions and magnesium ions. Said ions complex an effective amount of fluoride ions present in the fire-retardant composition to reduce the corrosiveness of the fire-retardant composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which has a large volume capacity density and high safety, and excellent durability for charge and discharge cycles and charge and discharge rate property, and its production method. The lithium-containing composite oxide is represented by the general formula LipNxMyOzFa (where N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Sn, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than Co, Mn and Ni, 0.9?p?1.2, 0.965?x<2.00, 0<y?0.035, 1.9?z?4.2, and 0?a?0.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a bulk barium copper sulfur fluoride (BCSF) material made by combining Cu2S, BaS and BaF2, heating the ampoule between 400 and 550 ° C. for at least two hours, and then heating the ampoule at a temperature between 550 and 950 ° C. for at least two hours. The BCSF material may be doped with potassium, rubidium, or sodium. The present invention also provides for a BCSF transparent conductive thin film made by forming a sputter target by either hot pressing bulk BCSF or hot pressing Cu2S, BaS and BaF2 powders and sputtering a BCSF thin film from the target onto a substrate. The present invention is further directed to a p-type transparent conductive material comprising a thin film of BCSF on a substrate where the film has a conductivity of at least 1 S/cm. The substrate may be a plastic substrate, such as a polyethersulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, or some other suitable plastic or polymeric substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a Potassium Fluotitanate (K2TIF6) manufacture process. The Potassium Fluotitanate (K2TIF6) manufacture process includes steps: A. providing titanium ferrum powder to a reaction furnace and adding HF and peroxide solution to react with the titanium ferrum powder sufficiently to manufacture H2TiF6, B. filtrating the sufficiently mixed solution of step A and adding it to another reaction furnace, and then after the H2TiF6 cools off, adding Potassium Chloride (KCl) solution to react with the mixed solution to manufacture Potassium Fluotitanate (K2TiF6); C. adding K2CO3 solution to the remaining solution of step B and react with the remaining solution and controlling the pH value, the element Fe is recycled by a form of Fe(OH)3 flocculent precipitate and the Potassium Chloride (KCl) and KF solution are recycled.

Abstract: A process for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode active material for use in a lithium secondary battery, the oxide having the formula LipNxMmOzFa (wherein N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than N, 0.9?p?1.2, 0.9?x<1.00, 0<m?0.03, 1.9?z?2.2, x+m=1 and 0?a?0.02), which comprises using as an M element source a solution comprising a complex containing the M element dissolved in an organic solvent.

Abstract: Compounds (I) AaMm(YO4)yZz (I) are provided where A is at least one element selected from the alkaline metals, alkaline earth metals, a doping element and a hole, M being (T1-1TV), T being one or more transition metals and T? being at least on element selected from Mg, Ca, Al, and the rare earths, 0?t<1; Y is a least one element selected from S, Se, P, As, Si, or Ge and A1; Z is at least one element selected from F, O or OH; a, m, y, and z are whole numbers of zero or above such that the electric neutrality of the inorganic oxide of formula (I) is respected, a?O; m>O; y>0; z?O. The compounds (I) are obtained from precursors of the constituent elements by means of a method comprising the following steps: dispersion of said precursors in a liquid support comprising one or more ionic liquids made up of a cation and an anion the electric charges of which balance out to give a suspension of said precursors in said liquid, heating said suspension to a temperature of 25 to 380° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a clean method for preparing layered double hydroxides (LDHs), in which hydroxides of different metals are used as starting materials for production of LDHs by atom-economical reactions. The atom efficiency of the reaction is 100% in each case because all the atoms of the reactants are converted into the target product since only M2+(OH)2, M3+(OH)3, and CO2 or HnAn? are used, without any NaOH or other materials. Since there is no by-product, filtration or washing process is unnecessary. The consequent reduction in water consumption is also beneficial to the environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bismuth oxyfluoride nanocomposites used as positive electrodes in primary and rechargeable electromechanical energy storage systems.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to organized assemblies of carbon and non-carbon compounds and methods of making such organized structures. In preferred embodiments, the organized structures of the instant invention take the form of nanorods or their aggregate forms. More preferably, a nanorod is made up of a carbon nanotube filled, coated, or both filled and coated by a non-carbon material. This invention is further drawn to the separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes. In particular, it relates to the separation of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes from conducting (or metallic) single-wall carbon nanotubes. It also relates to the separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes according to their chirality and/or diameter.

Abstract: Fluidizable potassium fluorozincate which is very suitable for dry fluxing applications can be prepared from a diluted potassium base selected from the group consisting of KOH, KHCO3 and K2CO3, ZnO and HF. The cumulative volume of the particles has an X10 value of equal to or greater than 1.5 microns, preferably, equal to or greater than 2 microns. It is very suitable for pneumatic transport for aluminum brazing.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel polyanion-based electrode active material for use in a secondary or rechargeable electrochemical cell, wherein the electrode active material is represented by the general formula AaMb(SO4)2Zd.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (An)m+[My(H2O)pXzZ2W18O66]m?1 or solvates thereof, wherein A represents a cation acting as counterion of the polyanion, n is the number of the cations A, m is the charge of the polyoxoanion, M represents a transition metal selected from Cu, Zn, Pd, Pt and mixtures thereof, y is the number of transition metals M and is a number from greater than 4 to less than 6, p is a number of water molecules and is a number from 0 to 10, X is a halide selected from F, Cl, Br, I and mixtures thereof, z is a number of halides and is a number from 0 to 6 and Z represents a heteroatom selected from SbIII, BiIII, AsIII, SeIV and TeIV.

Abstract: Disclosed in a positive active material for a lithium secondary battery including a compound represented by formula 1 and having a 10% to 70% ratio of diffracted intensity of diffraction lines in 2?=53° (104 plane) with respect to diffracted intensity of diffraction lines in the vicinity of 2?=22° (003 plane) in X-ray diffraction patterns using a CoK?-ray, LixCoO2-yAy??(1) wherein, x is from 0.90 to 1.04, y is from 0 to 0.5, and A is selected from the group consisting of F, S and P.

Abstract: Coagulated particles of nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide wherein primary particles are coagulated to form secondary particles are synthesized by allowing an aqueous solution of a nickel-cobalt-manganese salt, an aqueous solution of an alkali-metal hydroxide, and an ammonium-ion donor to react under specific conditions; and a lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-containing composite oxide represented by a general formula, LipNixMn1-x-yCoyO2-qFq (where 0.98?p?1.07, 0.3?x?0.5, 0.1?y?0.38, and 0?q?0.05), which is a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary cell having a wide usable voltage range, a charge-discharge cycle durability, a high capacity and high safety, is obtained by dry-blending coagulated particles of nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxyhydroxide formed by making an oxidant to act on the coagulated particles with a lithium salt, and firing the mixture in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: Novel compositions are provided containing a compound represented by the formula YOSF5 or ZOSF5, where: (a) Y is: (i) an organic cation other than (Me2N)3S+ or (ii) an inorganic cation, provided that when Y is the inorganic cation, the composition further includes a complexing agent; and (b) Z is C1-20 alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, combinations thereof, or analogues thereof containing at least one heteroatom, provided that the compound represented by the formula ZOSF5 is a molecular compound. Processes of making the cationic compounds are disclosed as are processes for using the compositions containing cationic compounds in nucleophilic replacement reactions to prepare the compositions containing molecular compounds including the OSF5 group.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which is excellent in the volume capacity density, safety, charge and discharge cycle durability and low temperature characteristics. A process for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the formula LipNxMmOzFa (wherein N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than N, 0.9?p?1.2, 0.97?x<1.00, 0<m?0.03, 1.9?z?2.2, x+m=1 and 0?a?0.

Abstract: Disclosed in a positive active material for a lithium secondary battery including a compound represented by formula 1 and having a 10% to 70% ratio of diffracted intensity of diffraction lines in 2?=53° (104 plane) with respect to diffracted intensity of diffraction lines in the vicinity of 2?=22° (003 plane) in X-ray diffraction patterns using a CoK?-ray, LixCoO2-yAy??(1) wherein, x is from 0.90 to 1.04, y is from 0 to 0.5, and A is selected from the group consisting of F, S and P.