Abstract: There is required titanium disulfide of high purity and stoichiometric composition as electrode material for certain types of batteries. With the known process for reacting preheated gaseous titanium tetrachloride with an excess of preheated gaseous hydrogen sulfide at 400.degree. to 600.degree. C., there is obtained a product which is not optimally usable. A titanium disulfide quality of higher purity and stoichiometry is obtained by forcing a deposition of the titanium disulfide on the inner walls of the reactor through regulating the temperature at the reactor walls and/or the residence time of the gaseous mixture. The titanium disulfide can be mechanically stripped off the walls and removed countercurrently to the waste gas stream from the reactor.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide under pressure in the presence of an amine and of an organic solvent.1. Carbon dioxide is introduced under a pressure of5-80 bars into a mixture essentially containing1.1 an aqueous sodium chloride solution,1.2 a tertiary amine,1.3 a non-polar, organic solvent, and1.4 a polar, organic solvent having a boiling point above 140.degree. C.,2. the aqueous and organic phases obtained are separated under the same pressure as step 1,3. the aqueous phase is rid of the precipitated sodium bicarbonate and following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization),4. the organic phase(s) containing the polar and non-polar organic solvents is (are) heated and the hydrogen chloride released is evacuated, and5. the tertiary amine, polar and non-polar organic solvents from step 4 are recirculated to step 1.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide in the presence of an amine and an organic solvent. The steps of the process are carried out, wherein:(1) carbon dioxide is introduced into a mixture containing essentially(1.1) an aqueous sodium chloride solution,(1.2) a tertiary amine, and(1.3) a polar, organic solvent;(2) the aqueous and organic phases so obtained are separated;(3) the aqueous phase freed from the separated sodium bicarbonate following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization stage);(4) the organic phase (s) (is) are separated from the polar organic solvent and possibly of water to the widest possible extent and/or required; and(5) the residue containing a non-polar solvent is heated and the hydrogen chloride is removed.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide under pressure in the presence of an amine and of an organic solvent.1. Carbon dioxide is introduced under a pressure of8-80 bars into a mixture essentially containing1.1 an aqueous sodium chloride solution,1.2 a tertiary amine,1.3 a non-polar organic solvent, and1.4 a polar, organic solvent having a boiling point above 140.degree. C.,2. the aqueous and organic phases obtained are separated under the same pressure as step 1,3. the aqueous phase is rid of the precipitated sodium bicarbonate and following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization),4. the organic phase(s) containing the polar and non-polar organic solvents is (are) heated and the hydrogen chloride released is evacuated, and5. the tertiary amine, polar and non-polar organic solvents from step 4 are recirculated in step 1.

Abstract: A method of removing hydrogen fluoride from gaseous mixtures of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, which contain up to about 5 percent by weight of hydrogen fluoride, is described. The method comprises initially contacting the gaseous mixture with a particulate, substantially anhydrous, bed of alkaline earth metal chloride material, for example, calcium chloride, to produce an effluent gas mixture having a substantially reduced hydrogen fluoride content. The effluent gas is then contacted with a secondary treatment bed of particulate, substantially anhydrous, alkaline earth metal chloride material, for example, calcium chloride, to produce a product gas containing less than 20 ppm of hydrogen fluoride. The temperature of the secondary treatment bed is maintained in the range from about -20.degree. to about +20.degree. C., and, more preferably, in the range from about 0.degree. to about 5.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for reducing environmental pollution resulting from disposal of waste containing halogenated hydrocarbons by simultaneous treatment with used metal and/or metal scrap at elevated temperatures. The halogenated hydrocarbons are pyrolyzed and the resulting hydrogen halide containing gas is brought into contact with the used metal and/or metal scrap at elevated temperatures so as to form metal halogenides that are volatile under the conditions applied. The volatile metal halogenides are largely separated from the gaseous mixture formed, and at least part of the remaining gaseous mixture and/or hydrocarbon residue is used as fuel to maintain the required temperature. The waste feed compositions and process conditions can be chosen to effect separation between various metals by selective halogenation and condensation, and substantially all of the hydrogen halide can be tied up and recovered as metal halogenides.

Abstract: According to the present invention, ammonia and hydrogen chloride are prepared from ammonium chloride.The steps of the process include:1. heating a mixture consisting essentially of(a) ammonium chloride,(b) a water-insoluble amine, and(c) an organic solvent;2. evacuating the ammonia released thereby;3. removing the polar solvent and any water remaining in the sump to the extent possible and/or required; and4. heating the residue containing a non-polar and/or a weakly polar solvent and removing the hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: To destroy phosgene contained in gases, the phosgene is decomposed catalytically in the presence of active carbon by hydrolysis with water vapor, in the absence of liquid water, at above the dew point of water.

Abstract: The gas stream obtained from the pyrolysis of solid organic wastes and containing halogens, particularly chlorine in the form of the corresponding hydrogen halide is processed to obtain a halide free pyrolytic oil. The gas stream after solids removal is contacted with a solid metal halide acceptor above the dew point of pyrolyzate to form the corresponding metal halide which may be discarded. As an alternative the metal halide can be treated to release the hydrogen halide which is recovered as an acid and the acceptor regenerated for recycle. The preferred acceptor is calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen chloride and ammonia, comprising the steps of carrying out the reaction of ammonium chloride with ammonium hydrogen sulfate in the state of molten salt to produce hydrogen chloride, and heating the reaction system at the above-mentioned reaction carrying step at a temperature of 300.degree. C. or higher to produce ammonia gas, thereby hydrogen chloride and ammonia can be obtained in high yields, overcoming problems encountered in conventional corresponding processes.

Abstract: A process for recovering aluminum from clays associated with coal or bauxite containing iron, siliceous material and titanium which comprises: (a) chlorinating the clay or bauxite in an oxidizing atmosphere to selectively chlorinate and vaporize iron chloride from the remaining chlorides, (b) chlorinating the residue from step (a) in a reducing atmosphere or carbon monoxide and vaporizing the chlorides of aluminum, silicon, titanium, and the residual iron, (c) separating and recovering the formed vaporized chlorides by selective condensation. Silicon tetrachloride may be added to step (b) to suppress the chlorination of silicon. If the clay contains alkali or alkaline earth metals, then the residue of step (b) is treated with sulfuric acid to convert the soluble chlorides, e.g., gypsum, to sulfates and to regenerate a chloridizing and binder solution for pelletizing the clay or bauxite.

Abstract: Gaseous hydrogen chloride is extracted from dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid using amines, by:(a) extracting the aqueous hydrochloric acid with an amine or with a mixture of an amine and an inert, water-immiscible solvent having a boiling point of at least 120.degree. C., tertiary alkylamines being used containing 14 to 36 carbon atoms in the nitrogen-bound side chains, the side chains having at most one nitrogen-bound methyl group and at least one nitrogen-bound aliphatic group containing at least 6 carbon atoms, where the amine acid constant is less than 10.sup.-3 ;(b) adding an inert, water-immiscible solvent having a boiling point of at least 120.degree. C.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for obtaining gaseous hydrogen chloride by extracting dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid with amines wherein:(a) the aqueous hydrochloric acid is extracted with an amine or a mixture of an amine and an inert, water-immiscible solvent boiling at not less than 120.degree. C., using tertiary alkylamines which contain 14 to 36 carbon atoms in the nitrogen-bonded side chains, which side chains include at most one nitrogen-bonded methyl group and at least one nitrogen-bonded aliphatic radical containing at least 6 carbon atoms, the acid constant K.sub.a of the amine being less than 10.sup.-3 ;(b) an inert, water-immiscible solvent boiling at not less than 120.degree. C.

Abstract: AlCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O is decomposed at a temperature above about 700.degree. C. in the presence of hydrogen to form an alumina product having a very low residual chlorine content.

Abstract: A non-polluting oxyhydrochlorination process is provided in which the residual gaseous effluents are purified by catalytic oxidation in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and/or iridium deposited on a special alumina support of eta crystallographic structure and then washing the effluent before being discharged into the atmosphere.The process of the invention is particularly applicable to a residual effluent containing essentially carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and at least one chlorinated hydrocarbon from among the group consisting of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1- and 1,1,]-trichloroethanes, 1,1,2,2- and 1,1,1,2- tetrachloroethanes, vinyl chloride, 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethylenes, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and chloral.

Abstract: A method of separating HBr from a mixture of HBr/HCl using the difference in the stability to heat of the amine hydrohalides thereof. A mixture of HBr/HCl is treated with a solution of an amine and the HCl is split off, by the action of heat, from the amine hydrochlorides in the resulting mixture of amine hydrochlorides and amine hydrobromides, and the HBr is then recovered from the residual amine hydrobromides with the aid of a base and optionally recovered.

Abstract: A process for the decomposition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) with negligible environmental pollution. The process comprises feeding the PCB and a source of oxygen to a molten salt comprising an alkali metal carbonate and preferably also an alkali metal sulfate to decompose the PCB by pyrolysis and oxidation. Some of the resulting decomposition products react with and are retained in the molten salt; the remaining gaseous products pass through the melt and are safely exhaustable to the atmosphere or, alternatively, the PCB is introduced into a first zone for partial pyrolysis and oxidation and then into a second reaction zone for further oxidation of any remaining combustible gases.

Abstract: Process for producing cyanogen chloride by reacting hydrocyanic acid and chlorine in a non-aqueous and/or hygroscopic inorganic solvent.

Abstract: A process for obtaining anhydrous hydrogen chloride from chlorine-containing organic residues by combusting these in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and separating the hydrogen chloride from the water formed during combustion. The residues are combusted in an oxygen-containing atmosphere under superatmospheric pressure and at above 2,000.degree. C., the combustion products are then cooled and passed into a first cooling zone which contains a saturated solution of hydrogen chloride in water, the mixture of water, hydrogen chloride and the other combustion products is cooled in this zone and the mixture of gaseous hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide is discharged from the cooling zone, cooled to a lower temperature in a second cooling zone, and separated from the aqueous hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing hydrogen chloride by splitting off hydrogen chloride from solutions of amine hydrochlorides. The hydrogen chloride is split off by heating the amine hydrochlorides at 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. in an inert, organic, essentially non-polar solvent having a boiling point at least 20.degree. C. above the temperature of heating while an inert gas stream is passed therethrough. The hydrogen chloride is then separated from the exiting mixture of inert gas and hydrogen chloride. The amine components of the amine hydrochlorides are tertiary alkylamines, tertiary aryldialkylamines, secondary arylalkylamines, primary alkylarylamines or mixtures thereof which contain 14 to 36 carbon atoms in the side chains bonded to nitrogen. Not more than one of the side chains of the amine component is a methyl group bonded to nitrogen and at least one of the side chains is an aliphatic radical, bonded to nitrogen, containing at least 6 carbon atoms. The inert solvents boil above 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Thermally splitting hydrate of aluminum chloride to produce aluminum oxide wherein the hydrate is at least partially split by contact with hot gases and hot calcined product in a turbulent zone, transmitting the material from the turbulent zone into a residence zone, recycling a portion of the solids from the residence zone to the turbulent zone in an amount to maintain a desired suspension density while the remainder is passed to a turbulent cooling zone in heat exchange with the fluidizing gas introduced into the turbulent zone.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrochloric acid from spent hydrochloric acid pickle liquor is used to increase the amount of hydrochloric acid recovered and to improve the form of the waste products for better handling and reduced energy costs. The waste pickle liquor from the pickle line is first concentrated before the liquor is reacted in a double exchange process with strong sulphuric acid. The concentrator separates the weak pickle into two streams consisting of an overhead vapor stream and an underflow of strong pickle liquor. The overhead vapor stream separates out hydrochloric acid by means of a fractionator with the underflow of strong pickle liquor being fed to the double exchanger reactor to be mixed with the sulphuric acid. The overhead from the reaction process which consists of hydrogen chloride and water vapor is condensed and made available for addition to the fractionated hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: The processing of liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon residues, which may contain solids and which form viscous to solid deposits during the separation of readily boiling components, into(1) distillable organic components,(2) hydrogen chloride, and(3) solid matter with a low chlorine content,is improved by gently concentrating the residues in a first step and, in a second step, decomposing the residues at temperatures of about 200.degree.-400.degree. C., preferably 270.degree.-330.degree. C., with a continuous separation of the vapor phase components from the solid components.

Abstract: Crude gaseous C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl chlorides, prepared by reacting the corresponding alcohol with hydrogen chloride, are freed from by-product water, unreacted hydrogen chloride and unreacted alcohol by feeding the super-heated gaseous stream to an acid removal distillation unit with steam wherein the hydrogen chloride is removed as an acid by-product stream; thereafter passing the alkyl chloride vapors into a refrigerated recovery distillation unit wherein the alcohol is liquified; and finally withdrawing and recovering the C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl chloride from the refrigerated recovery distillation unit. In an embodiment, the process includes passing the alkyl chloride vapors from the acid removal distillation unit into an aqueous caustic scrubbing unit and withdrawing the spent caustic and recycling it to the acid removal distillation unit, prior to passing the alkyl chloride vapors to the refrigerated recovery distillation unit.

Abstract: A process for removing chlorine ions from wet flue-gas processing system.According to the process of this invention, the accumulation of the chlorine ions in the processing system is sufficiently prevented, and thus the corrosion of the apparatus is efficiently avoided.

Abstract: Bivalent or multivalent metal chloride in aqueous solution is decomposed in the presence of oxygen to produce HCl and the corresponding metal oxide. Hydrochloric acid recovered by adiabatic absorption from the decomoposition gas is concentrated by extractive distillation in contact with concentrated metal chloride solution. The resulting solution is concentrated by heat exchange with the hot decomposition gas. At least part of the solution of high concentration is supplied to the thermal decomposition stage at a metal chloride rate corresponding to the metal chloride content of the incoming aqueous liquor.

Abstract: Molecular chlorine level in flue gases from incineration of chlorinated organic materials is reduced by injecting into the incinerator's quench zone an amount of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon which depends on the amount of air fed into the combustion zone, the amount of air being such that there is a 1-40 % excess of oxygen. When the wall temperature of the combustion zone is about 800.degree.-1500.degree. C., the temperature at which the hydrocarbon is added to the quench zone is about 450.degree.-1000.degree. C. Hydrogen chloride, which is formed from molecular chlorine and hydrocarbon, is more readily water-scrubbed than chlorine, so that less polluting flue gases are obtained.

Abstract: Industrial waste gases containing sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrochloric acid and sulfur trioxide are treated within a reaction tank in a first stage with a solution containing ammonium ions to increase the dew point of the gases. The gases are then cooled below the elevated dew point in a second stage below which a deflector system directs the gases along the wall of the reaction tank into a third stage where the gases are cooled by a spray mist of an ammonia mixture to form ammonium salts. The gases are then treated in a fourth stage at the bottom of the reaction tank with the solution containing ammonium ions to precipitate ammonium salts into a reservoir below the reaction tank. Purified waste gases are discharged into a cooler where a stripper removes entrained droplets of liquid before discharge into the atmosphere. The droplet size of the solution sprayed into the second stage is larger than the droplet size of the solution sprayed into the first stage.

Abstract: Substantially pure O.sub.2 is recovered from a gaseous mixture containing O.sub.2 and another gas, such as SO.sub.2 or NH.sub.3. An O.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 mixture is injected into a substantially vertical reaction zone to which I.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are continuously supplied at an upper location. By injecting the gas mixture at a lower location and at a preselected rate, substantially all of the SO.sub.2 in the mixture either reacts chemically or is dissolved in the H.sub.2 O. I.sub.2 may be supplied in particulate form and in substantial excess with respect to water so that the intermediate zone resembles a packed bed of wet iodine, in which case the gaseous mixture flows in the interstices of the packed bed. Electrolysis or an other chemical reaction wherein O.sub.2 does not take part can also be used.

Abstract: Method of reducing the amount of acetylene impurity present in hydrogen chloride gas comprising contacting said gas with an oxidation catalyst in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas to form carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide and water. The method of the present invention is particularly adapted to remove acetylene impurities from hydrogen chloride streams used in the oxychlorination of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disposing of waste material by means of a multi-stage reaction favoring desired reaction products. The rate at which different reactions reach equilibrium at different temperatures and the effects of reaction stoichiometry are controlled by the process to promote desired reactions and discriminate against undesired ones.

Abstract: A continuous process for the recovery of chemicals in saline water including the steps of converting the sulfates in the saline water feed to sodium sulfate; separating and recovering in the oxide forms essentially all of the magnesium and calcium from the saline water feed; then preparing a sodium chloride fortified solution by mixing the feed with recycled sodium chloride; crystallizing and re-crystallizing and then separating sodium chloride crystals, preferably in two evaporative crystallization processes; stripping bromine from the sodium chloride depleted solution; crystallizing and then separating sodium chloride and sodium sulfate crystals from each other and then from solution; recycling the separated sodium chloride to the first sodium chloride crystallization step; separating residual sulfates from the solution; crystallizing and then separating sodium chloride crystals; recycling the separated sodium chloride to the first sodium chloride crystallization step; crystallizing and then separating pota

Abstract: A thermochemical process for producing hydrogen comprises the step of reacting CoO with BaO or Ba(OH).sub.2 in the presence of steam to produce H.sub.2 and novel double oxides of Ba and Co having the empirical formulas BaCoO.sub.2.33 and Ba.sub.2 CoO.sub.3.33. The double oxide can be reacted with H.sub.2 O to form Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 and Ba(OH).sub.2 which can be recycled to the original reaction. The Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 is converted to CoO by either of two procedures. In one embodiment Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 is heated, preferably in steam, to form CoO. In another embodiment Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 is reacted with aqueous HCl solution to produce CoCl.sub.2 and Cl.sub.2. The CoCl.sub.2 is reacted with H.sub.2 O to form CoO and HCl and the CoO is recycled to the initial reaction step. The Cl.sub.2 can be reacted with H.sub.2 O to produce HCl. HCl can be recycled for reaction with Co.sub.3 O.sub.4.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved method of making chlorinated derivatives of ethylene wherein chlorine-containing by-products are burned in a catalytic combustion reactor to produce primarily a hydrogen halide which is recycled to the chlorinated derivative reaction and the heat of combustion from said reactor is utilized to preheat the materials used in said chlorinated derivative reaction. The catalyst employed is one containing 0.01% to 0.50% of platinum or palladium on 99.99% to 99.50% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2 or a combination of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 as a support and having a surface area of at least 50 square meters per gram. The catalytic combustion reaction is carried out at temperatures in the range of about 300.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. to produce a mixture of gases containing essentially hydrogen chloride and being substantially free of elemental chlorine and chlorohydrocarbon compounds, said gases being then mixed with ethylene and reacted to form ethylene dichloride (EDC).

Abstract: A process for recovering aluminum from fly ash containing iron, silicon and titanium which comprises: (a) chlorinating the fly ash in an oxidizing atmosphere to selectively chlorinate and vaporize iron chloride from the remaining chlorides, (b) chlorinating the residue from step (a) in a reducing atmosphere of carbon monoxide, in the presence of added silicon chloride to suppress the chlorination of silicon, and vaporizing the chlorides of aluminum, silicon, titanium, and the residual iron, (c) separating and recovering the vaporized chlorides by selective condensation, and treating the residue of step (b) with sulfuric acid to convert calcium chloride to gypsum, and to regenerate a chloridizing and binder solution for pelletizing fly ash feed.

Abstract: A process for the production of alumina from siliceous minerals containing substantial quantities of combined aluminium and calcium comprises the steps of treating the finely divided mineral with a hot acid liquor containing chloride, fluoride and calcium ions to extract alumina values from the mineral; recovering aluminium chloride from the liquid extract; recycling one fraction of the spent extract to the mineral extraction stage; and treating another fraction of the spent extract to regenerate hydrogen chloride gas for re-use in the process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of removing chlorine (Cl.sub.2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) from a combustion gas, such as a combustion gas formed from incinerating chlorine-containing organic materials, which comprises:(1) Lowering the temperature of the combustion gas below the melting point of cupric chloride or mixture thereof with other salts;(2) Contacting the cooled combustion gas of step (1), in the presence of oxygen, with copper of lower than a divalent oxidation state, such as a cuprous compound or its equivalent in a quantity sufficient to absorb chlorine and hydrogen chloride present in gas, thereby converting the cuprous compound to cupric chloride (in order to absorb substantially all HCl and Cl.sub.

Abstract: In accordance with the process of the present invention, substantially complete removal of hydrogen fluoride values from a hydrogen chloride gas stream containing the same is effected by a process wherein the gas stream is contacted with an aqueous medium containing calcium chloride and hydrogen chloride under conditions sufficient to precipitate calcium fluoride, thereby producing a hydrogen chloride acid gas substantially free of hydrogen fluoride. The aqueous solution containing the calcium fluoride solids may be treated as by filtration to remove the solids and the recovered liquor may be recycled to the absorption stage, with optional addition of make-up calcium chloride, for removal of additional hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing hydrohalic acids, using a Diesel engine for a reactor. In a typical operation for producing hydrochloric acid, the engine fuel is a liquid phase mixture containing a hydrocarbon, such as Diesel fuel oil, and one or more halogenated organic compounds, such as carbon tetrachloride and propylene dichloride. The liquid phase fuel is injected into the combustion chamber of the engine, where it is vaporized, ignited and burned. In the resulting combustion reaction, hydrochloric acid is formed as a vapor phase. The acid can then be recovered as a vapor phase or an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process has been developed for the catalytic conversion of organic chlorine compounds into carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride, using molecular oxygen, in which process the catalyst system is provided by using platinum in a first catalyst zone and palladium in a second catalyst zone.

Abstract: A continuous reaction is carried out between gaseous SO.sub.2, I.sub.2 and liquid H.sub.2 O in a substantially vertical reaction zone. H.sub.2 O plus I.sub.2 in a substantial excess are supplied to an upper location at preselected rates. SO.sub.2 is injected into the zone at a lower location, and a desired temperature is maintained at an intermediate location where the reaction proceeds to produce sulfuric acid and hydrogen iodide. The reaction products are removed from a location near the bottom at a rate proportional to the preselected rates to cause a continuous downward flow within the reaction zone. The SO.sub.2 flow rate assures that substantially all of the SO.sub.2 either reacts or is absorbed by the downward traveling nongaseous reactants.

Abstract: Particulate waste comprising hydrolyzable metal chlorides, typically chlorinated byproducts from the chlorination of titaniferous material, is treated in an oxidizing atmosphere at elevated temperature for depleting it of chlorine and for subsequent recovery of values.

Abstract: A process for the thermal decomposition of polychorinated organic compounds such as polychlorinated phenyls and biphenyls comprising heat treating the polychlorinated organic compounds in a flame, in a high-turbulence combustion chamber in a pulsating spiral flow at a temperature of at least about 850.degree. C. with a residence time of at least about 0.1 second, an excess of at least about 5% by weight of oxygen, based on the organic carbon to be burnt, being present in the combustion chamber. Advantageously the polychlorinated organic compound is present in the fuel feed in about 0.1 to 30% by weight.

Abstract: In a process for making chlorine electrolytically in which a build-up of nitrogen trichloride occurs in the bottoms of cooling apparatus, a method and apparatus is provided wherein the nitrogen trichloride is dissolved in an organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, the chlorine removed, and the solution treated to destroy the otherwise hazardous nitrogen trichloride. The solvent is then separated and recycled to avoid environmentally undesirable waste products.

Abstract: Titanium disulphide having a stoichiometry very near to the theoretical value may be produced by reacting titanium tetrachloride and hydrogen sulphide in the vapor phase under controlled temperature conditions, the product particles being entrained in a gas stream and thereby removed from the reaction zone. The partial pressure of the reactants is preferably also controlled. Product particles substantially consisting of particles having diameters in the range 1 to 50 microns may be produced. The product may be used as a cathode material in batteries.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced from water by first reacting I.sub.2, SO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O to make hydrogen iodide and sulfuric acid. A substantial molar excess of SO.sub.2 and I.sub.2 in the reaction zone creates a lighter sulfuric acid-bearing phase and a heavier polyiodic-acid-bearing phase. The heavier phase is separated, degassed and then contacted with phosphoric acid to permit distillation of HI of low water content and recovery of I.sub.2 as a separate fraction. Hydrogen is recovered from HI vapor, as by thermal decomposition.

Abstract: Halogenated hydrocarbon materials are burned in an internally-fired horizontal fire-tube boiler and the heat of combustion directly produces saturated steam. Halogen values may be recovered from the combustion gases, e.g., by being absorbed in water. Thus halogenated hydrocarbon material which may need to be disposed of, is beneficially converted to energy and useful product.

Abstract: Hydrochloric acid having a substantially constant HCl content of 20 to 36% is produced continuously by removing hydrogen chloride from hot combustion gas. To this end, hot combustion gas containing 1 to 10% by volume of HCl and steam, this gas being obtained by the joint combustion of off-gases containing chlorinated hydrocarbons and liquid residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons, is introduced into a quenching zone, and quenched therein, down to a temperature lower than its dew point, by means of cooled hydrochloric acid containing hydrogen chloride in a concentration of 20 to 36%, which concentration corresponds to the concentration of the hydrochloric acid which is to be produced. The resulting gas-liquid mixture is separated in an absorption cooling zone into cooled hydrochloric acid and cooled combustion gas containing 0.1 to 1% by volume of HCl.

Abstract: The thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrate in which the preponderant portion of the hydrate is thermally decomposed in an indirectly heated reaction chamber while in a fluidized state with any remainder thermally decomposed in a directly heated rotary furnace and passing the formed aluminum oxide in heat exchange with combustion gases to cool the aluminum oxide and to preheat the combustion gases.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bromine and hydrogen bromide, which comprises reacting ammonium bromide with an oxygen containing gas at temperatures of from 200.degree. to 800.degree. C in the presence of oxidation catalysts is disclosed. Catalysts based on platinum group metals favor formation of HBr. Most other metal catalysts cause chiefly formation of bromine.