Abstract: A method of direct water hydrolysis of phosgene consisting essentially of e step of intimately contacting phosgene with water through means of a porous material submerged in the water through which gaseous phosgene is passed to produce a commercially useful concentration of hydrochloric acid and gaseous carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for the production of high purity silicon characterized by the employment of an electric arc heater in which a silicon halide is reacted with hydrogen to produce liquid silicon and gaseous co-products.

Abstract: Chlorinated hydrocarbons are separated from refuse, typically municipal refuse, and combusted in a separate combustion chamber within an incinerating furnace, the special combustion chamber being separated spatially, and the material containing the chlorinated hydrocarbons being separated from refuse, so that combustion gases arising from incineration of the chlorinated hydrocarbons are kept separate from the combustion gases arising from incineration of the refuse.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of pigment-grade iron oxide and technical hydrochloric acid of predetermined molarity, from iron chloride solutions such as pickling solutions containing hydrochloric acid. The iron chloride solution is concentrated until the molarity of the chloride ion therein is the same as the molarity of the hydrochloric acid which it is desired to produce. Concentrated sulfuric acid in slight stoichiometric excess relative to the iron, is then added to the iron chloride solution, which solution is thereafter evaporated to dryness. The distillation from this evaporation is hydrochloric acid of the predetermined molarity, and the dry residue is iron sulfate. The iron sulfate is calcined to drive off sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide and to leave iron oxide which may contain sulfates; and to remove these latter, the iron oxide is leached with dilute hydrochloric acid and is thereafter washed with water. The washed iron oxide is dried and micropulverized to produce a red iron oxide pigment.

Abstract: A balanced closed cycle silicon refinery has been developed for producing electronic silicon from industrial grade silicon. Impurities comprising approximately 1% of the industrial grade silicon are removed during the refinery process to produce the purified silicon, while only a relatively small percentage of make-up chemicals are added to the system. In the refinery, hydrogen chloride is reacted with the impure silicon in a halide reactor to provide trichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen. The trichlorosilane and/or silicon tetrachloride are purified to remove the impurities, and then reacted with the hydrogen from the halide reactor in a fluidized bed reactor to produce the purified silicon and an effluent comprised of unreacted trichlorosilane, silicon tetrachloride, hydrogen, and the by-product hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: Thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrate in a fluidized bed reactor in which the concentration of solids diminishes from the bottom upwards, the improvement wherein most of the hydrogen chloride is removed from the hydrate by direct heat and the largely decomposed aluminum chloride is fed into a calcining reactor and from the calcining reactor to a residence time reactor fluidized at low gas velocity, recycling solids from the residence reactor to the calcining reactor in an amount to adjust the suspension density and feeding the remainder to a cooler after sufficient time in the residence reactor.

Abstract: Hydrogen is thermochemically produced from water in a cycle wherein a first reaction produces hydrogen iodide and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 by the reaction of iodine, sulfur dioxide and water under conditions which cause two distinct aqueous phases to be formed, i.e., a lighter sulfuric acid-bearing phase and a heavier hydrogen iodide-bearing phase. After separation of the two phases, the heavier phase containing most of the hydrogen iodide is treated, e.g., at a high temperature, to decompose the hydrogen iodide and recover hydrogen and iodine. The H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 is pyrolyzed to recover sulfur dioxide and produce oxygen.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced from water by reacting I.sub.2 SO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O to make hydrogen iodide and sulfuric acid. SO.sub.2 is present in a substantial molar excess with respect to the available H.sub.2 O and I.sub.2 is also present in excess to cause the formation of a lighter sulfuric acid-bearing phase and a heavier hydrogen iodide-bearing phase. The heavier phase is separated from the lighter phase, degassed to remove SO.sub.2 and then treated with additional HI and I.sub.2 to cause the formation of a light immiscible fraction containing sulfuric acid and water which is removed to substantially reduce the sulfur content of the degassed phase. Finally, the hydrogen iodide product is separated and decomposed to produce hydrogen.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide and chlorine are produced by reduction of sodium chlorate with chloride ions in an aqueous acid medium having a total acid normality of 2 to 4.8 normal. The reaction medium is maintained at its boiling point under a subatmospheric pressure to provide steam dilution of the chlorine dioxide and chlorine and anhydrous neutral sodium sulphate is deposited therefrom. Chlorine dioxide is recovered as an aqueous solution containing some dissolved chlorine while the bulk of the chlorine is recovered in gaseous form.

Abstract: A process, which may be continuous, for preparation of sulfur fluorides by reacting a sulfur chloride component with a fluorine containing component selected from the group consisting of nitrosyl fluoride and nitrosyl fluoride-hydrogen fluoride complex.

Abstract: Process for the thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hexahydrate into anhydrous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, comprising predrying and then decomposition in a fluidization reactor, the said fluidization being ensured by recycled gaseous HCl, and finally heating at the temperature necessary to obtain the desired crystallization state, namely anhydrous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the said pre-drying being carried out by the gases coming from this final heating.

Abstract: This invention relates to reactions of beta platinum chloride with gaseous ammonia to yield metallic platinum useful in catalysis and other operations and also complexes of beta platinum chloride and ammonia, which complexes are considered to be new compositions and which are contemplated as being useful in cancer research.

Abstract: This invention relates to reactions of beta platinum chloride with gaseous ammonia to yield metallic platinum useful in catalysis and other operations and also complexes of beta platinum chloride and ammonia, which complexes are considered to be new compositions and which are contemplated as being useful in cancer research.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is produced in a continuous process by reaction of sodium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. The reaction medium is maintained at its boiling point under subatmospheric pressure and the resulting steam is used to dilute the chlorine dioxide and chlorine and remove the same from the reaction zone. Sodium chloride is deposited from the reaction medium in the reaction zone. The mole ratio of chlorate to chloride in the reaction medium, and the temperature of the reaction medium are controlled within narrow limits to provide high efficiency of production of chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, thermally reducing the ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride, reducing the ferrous chloride to metallic iron, then oxidizing the metallic iron with water so as to produce hydrogen. The metallic iron may be formed by reducing the ferrous compound with hydrogen. Two specific reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Off-gases and liquid residues containing chlorinated hydrocarbons, are subjected to joint combustion by forming a mist comprising a mixture of off-gases and atomized liquid residues, the latter being atomized by means of air and/or steam, and directing this mist into a preheated combustion chamber lined with refractory bricks. The mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber jointly with combustion air through a burner having four feed pipes arranged coaxially with respect to each other and terminating in conically tapered outlets, the three outer feed pipes defining three separate and coaxial annular zones around the innermost feed pipe. The liquid residue fed in and burnt is used in a quantity sufficient to maintain in the combustion chamber a predetermined maximum temperature which is not above the range 1200.degree. to 1800.degree. C., and which is compatible with the refractory properties of the brick lining of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Hypochlorite ions in aqueous solution are catalytically decomposed by the action of a single-metal spinel of Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, preferably coated on an inert, stable support. The Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 catalyst may contain dispersed therein, optionally, other "modifier" metal oxides which do not affect the single-metal spinel structure of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, but which contribute better adherence of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 to the substrate and improve the toughness of the Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 coating.

Abstract: A process for removing hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans from hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans-containing gases using aqueous iodine slurry and/or solution to recover elemental sulfur as one product and to generate hydriodic acid which is dehydrated, pressurized, and decomposed into iodine for recycling and into hydrogen for recovering as another product.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by the thermal decomposition of water at temperatures of 1000.degree. C or below by making use of iron salts and carbon dioxide, which are circulated in closed circuits in the reaction system. The only raw material to be supplied from an external source is water; all intermediates are circulated in the reaction system. A nuclear reactor may be used as a heat source for the reaction.

Abstract: A process for controlling a bonding gas system is disclosed. The process controls temperature and composition of an activating gas used for bonding a nonwoven web of continuous nylon filaments and for supplying the gas to a gas box at a temperature just above its dew-point. A monitored concentration of liquid HCl, maintained at a predetermined temperature, is supplied to a stripper column; an HCl-water-air mixture which contains a low volume percent of HCl is circulated through the stripper column so that the mixture evaporates a portion of the liquid HCl wherein the volume percent of HCl in the mixture is increased thereby forming a bonding gas having the desired HCl concentration; the temperature of the gas leaving the stripper column is controlled so that the HCl concentration of the gas is just above its dew-point and then the gas is fed into a gas box.

Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 halogenated, e.g., chlorinated and brominated, hydrocarbons, such as vinyl chloride, present in a gas stream are removed therefrom, e.g., incinerated, by contacting the gas stream with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of cobalt oxide catalyst at relatively low temperatures, e.g., 100.degree. C. Commonly, the halogenated hydrocarbon is present in the gas stream to be treated in small amounts, e.g., less than 0.05 weight percent. The temperature of treatment can vary, e.g., from 20.degree. to 500.degree. C., and can be adjusted within said range depending on the relative humidity of the gas stream treated to maintain catalytic activity. Preferably, treatment occurs under conditions of low relative humidity, e.g., less than 5 percent, and the catalyst is a hydrated cobalt oxide catalyst.

Abstract: By-product hydrogen chloride obtained from cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane is purified of minor concentrations of acetylene by contact with activated carbon at a temperature of at least 375.degree. F. (190.6.degree. C.).

Abstract: Vinylidene halides in gaseous or aqueous process streams may be oxidized effectively by contacting them with permanganic acid, at least one alkali metal permanganate, at least one alkaline earth metal permanganate, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Process and installation for the preparation of hydrogen from water by an endothermic cycle of several successive chemical steps occurring at different temperatures with substantially total recycling of intermediates; the improvement involves in carrying out electrochemically only part of said reactions, including at least that of said reactions which occurs at the highest temperature when carried out chemically.

Abstract: A method for decomposing halogenated organic compounds which comprises: (a) preheating the halogenated organic compound to a temperature above about 300.degree. C. and (b) contacting the preheated organic compound with a catalytic amount of ruthenium in the presence of an oxidizing agent at a temperature of at least about 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for decomposing halogenated organic compounds which comprises: (a) preheating the halogenated organic compound to a temperature above about 300.degree. C. and (b) contacting the preheated organic compound with a platinum catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent at a temperature of at least 350.degree. C. The process converts the major part of the halide in the organic halide to hydrogen halide.

Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 halogenated, e.g., chlorinated and brominated, hydrocarbons, such as vinyl chloride, present in a gas stream are removed therefrom, e.g., incinerated, by contacting the gas stream with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of metal oxide catalyst system consisting essentially of the oxides of manganese and cobalt at relatively low temperatures, e.g., 100.degree. C. Commonly, the halogenated hydrocarbon is present in the gas stream to be treated in small amounts, e.g., less than 0.05 weight percent. The temperature of treatment can vary, e.g., from 20.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., and can be adjusted within said range depending on the relative humidity of the gas stream treated to maintain catalytic activity. Preferably, treatment occurs under conditions of low relative humidity, e.g., less than 5 percent, and the metal oxides of the catalyst system are hydrated.

Abstract: A method for decomposing halogenated organic compounds which comprises: (a) heating the halogenated organic compound to a temperature above about 300.degree. C. and (b) contacting the heated organic compound with a catalytic amount of ruthenium-platinum catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent at a temperature of at least about 350.degree. C.

Abstract: Exhaust gas containing a chlorohydrocarbon having 1-10 carbon atoms and molecular oxygen is contacted with chromium oxide or a boehmite supported platinum at an elevated temperature to decompose the chlorohydrocarbon to carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride and free chlorine.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride is incinerated at relatively mild temperatures, e.g., 20.degree. to 300.degree.C., by contacting it in a combustion zone with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of hydrated metal oxide catalyst selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, copper, and mixtures of said oxides. The temperature of incineration is adjusted within the range of 20.degree.-300.degree.C. depending on the relative humidity of the gases in the combustion zone to maintain catalytic activity. Commonly, the vinyl chloride is contained in a gas stream in small amounts, e.g., less than 0.05 weight percent.

Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g., chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons such as vinyl chloride, present in a gas stream are removed therefrom, e.g., incinerated, by contacting the gas stream with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of hydrated nickel oxide catalyst at relatively low temperatures, e.g., 20.degree.-500.degree. C. Commonly, the halogenated hydrocarbon is present in the gas stream in small amounts, e.g., less than 0.05 weight percent. The temperature of incineration is adjusted within the range of 20.degree.-500.degree. C. depending on the relative humidity of the gas stream to maintain catalytic activity.

Abstract: The method of recovery of hydrogen chloride in gaseous form from an organic solvent loaded with hydrochloric acid in a dilute aqueous solution consists in carrying out prior to distillation a dehydration of the loaded organic solvent in a dehydration extractor in which the solvent is circulated countercurrent to an aqueous solution having a high chloride concentration.

Abstract: A molten mixture containing the higher and lower valent forms of a multivalent metal chloride; in particular, cuprous and cupric chloride, is contacted with oxygen, and aqueous hydrogen chloride recycle, to recover the chlorine values by generation of the higher valent metal chloride and also effect oxidation of the melt by production of the oxychloride. The gas withdrawn from the oxidation contains hydrogen chloride, chlorine and water vapor, with the hydrogen chloride being separate from the gas as aqueous hydrogen chloride and recycle to the oxidation. The chlorine and water vapor in the gas are contacted with activated carbon to produce hydrogen chloride, which is separated as aqueous hydrogen chloride and recycled to the oxidation.

Abstract: A process for preparing anhydrous metal fluorides is described wherein metal is reacted with HF and halogen in the presence of a nitrile.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of gaseous cyanogen chloride by a procedure involving reaction of hydrogen cyanide with chlorine in the presence of water with formation of hydrogen chloride as a by-product at a concentration of about 10 to 25% by weight and further involving converting by chlorination ammonium chloride, formed through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cyanogen chloride and admixed with the hydrogen chloride by-product, to nitrogen trichloride under pressure and at elevated temperature and decomposing the nitrogen trichloride to nitrogen and chlorine thermally or by U.V. radiation.

Abstract: To dispose of high-polymer, chlorine-containing plastics, such as PVC, without liberating hydrochloric acid in the atmosphere, the material is placed in a closed vessel and contacted with super-heated steam to split off gaseous hydrochloric acid; the resulting mixture of water vapor, steam and hydrochloric acid is removed, cooled and condensed, so that hydrochloric acid can be derived therefrom; the residue of the material after the hydrochloric acid has been removed can then be safely incinerated with other refuse, etc.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved method of making chlorinated derivatives of ethylene wherein chlorine-containing by-products are burned in a catalytic combustion reactor to produce primarily a hydrogen halide which is recycled to the chlorinated derivative reaction and the heat of combustion from said reactor is utilized to preheat the materials used in said chlorinated derivative reaction. The catalyst employed is one containing 5% to 20% of UO.sub.3 (uranium trioxide) on 80% to 95% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2 or a combination of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 as a support and having a surface area of at least 50 square meters per gram. The catalytic combustion reaction is carried out at temperatures in the range of about 350.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. to produce a mixture of gases containing essentially hydrogen chloride and being substantially free of elemental chlorine and chlorohydrocarbon compounds, said gases being then mixed with ethylene and reacted to form ethylene dichloride (EDC).

Abstract: Anhydrous gold trichloride is prepared by stirring a suspension of finely divided tetrachloro-auric acid, having the thionyl chloride at a temperature in the range from 20.degree. to 65.degree. C in the absence of light, whereby said tetrachloro-auric acid and thionyl chloride react to form the desired end product.

Abstract: A process for the production of substantially pure hydrated nickel sulphate which involves reacting sulphuric acid with nickel chloride at the boiling point of the reaction mixture and partially removing formed hydrogen chloride gas. The reaction mixture is clarified to separate impurities, the formed nickel sulphate is crystallized from the clarified mixture, and the mother-liquor obtained at this stage recycled to an earlier stage of the process. The crystals of nickel sulphate are dried and the mother-liquid obtained at this stage, then recycled to an earlier stage of the process. The hydrated nickel sulphate obtained is substantially pure and essentially free of chloride ions.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for combusting halogenated organic materials wherein such materials are combusted at a temperature of at least 600.degree. C in a refractory-lined furnace, the combustion gases formed are cooled and the acid constituent(s) thereof are subsequently stripped by contact with an aqueous liquid, the furnace being externally cooled such that the temperature of its metal casing lies between 140.degree. and 375.degree. C thereby minimizing corrosion of the casing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of purifying hydrogen chloride gas containing small quantities of chlorine. The purifying method comprises passing impure hydrogen chloride over carbon, at a temperature from 30.degree. to 200.degree. C, in the presence of at least one olefin, possibly containing chlorine. The method of the invention applies particularly to the hydrogen chloride obtained from a chloroethane cracking operation initiated by chlorine.

Abstract: A process for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen in a multi-stage closed cycle process using a system involving at least one metallic element having multiple valency and at least one halogen, characterized in that a halide of the multiple valency metallic element is subjected to a mixture of steam and hydrogen converting the halide to a mixture of the metallic element and at least one oxide thereof, said latter mixture is subjected to steam to produce a mixed valency oxide of the metallic element accompanied by the liberation of hydrogen, and said mixed valency oxide is then subjected to a hydrogen halide to convert it back to the said metallic halide with the liberation of oxygen.

Abstract: Sulfuryl fluoride is produced by reacting a gaseous mixture of chlorine, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, at a temperature between about 125.degree. and 400.degree. C in the presence of a catalytic amount of an alkaline earth metal fluoride.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, reducing the ferric chloride produced with a reducing agent to produce ferrous chloride, thermally reducing the ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride, then oxidizing either the ferrous compound or metallic iron with water so as to produce hydrogen. The metallic iron may be formed by reducing the ferrous compound with hydrogen. Four specific reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen with high energy efficiencies.

Abstract: Substantially all of the chlorine values, e.g., chlorine, are recovered from reactant feeds of chlorinated organic compounds, e.g., hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene, by catalytic oxidation at temperatures below about 500.degree. C through the use of transition metal-containing supported catalysts, preferably copper-exchanged zeolite A, X or Y.

Abstract: Substantially all of the chlorine values, e.g., chlorine, are recovered from reactant feeds of chlorinated organic compounds, e.g., hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene, by an improved process involving catalytic oxidation at temperatures below 500.degree. C and more typically below about 450.degree. C using a catalyst of a chromium salt or oxide impregnated on a support.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for combusting halogenated organic materials wherein such materials are combusted at a temperature of at least 600.degree.C in a refractory-lined furnace, the combustion gases formed are cooled and the acid constituent(s) thereof are subsequently stripped by contact with an aqueous liquid, the furnace being externally cooled such that the temperature of its metal casing lies between 140.degree.C and 375.degree.C thereby minimizing corrosion of the casing.

Abstract: Chloromethyl methyl ether and di(chloromethyl) ether contaminants are removed from air in laboratories, industrial plants and other locales wherein chloromethyl ether (more accurately called chloromethyl methyl ether) and bis-chloromethyl ether are used for various purposes. Silica gel and/or activated alumina are employed for removing the chloromethyl ethers either with or without other contaminants from the gaseous atmosphere wherein they occur. The absorption of the ethers on the silica gel or activated alumina is carried out under conditions of temperature that have been found to result in the hydrolytic decomposition of these chloromethyl ethers, apparently by virtue of catalytic action occurrng on the surface of the silica gel or activated alumina.

Abstract: A process for the combustion of chlorine containing residues and wastes with simultaneous recovery of the hydrogen chlorine thereby obtained, which comprises burning the chlorine containing residues with an excess of air and simultaneous addition of azeotropically boiling hydrochloric acid formed in the work-up of the combustion gases.

Abstract: A method of eliminating chloroacetylenes present in small quantities in hydrogen chloride gas. The method comprises passing hydrogen chloride contaminated with chloroacetylenes over active carbon at a temperature from 50.degree. to 250.degree.C. The method of the invention can plainly be applied to the treatment of hydrogen chloride discharged from works where monochloroacetic acid is prepared, prior to compression of the hydrogen chloride.