Abstract: Systems and methods for producing metal chloride MIClx from metal MI without the use of HCl and/or Cl2 gases, including: a bath vessel holding conductive fluid; an anode disposed in the conductive fluid, the anode including metal MI; a cathode assembly disposed in the conductive fluid, the cathode assembly including a cathode vessel including porous and non-porous portions, the non-porous portion holding sacrificial metal chloride MIICly substantially separate from metal chloride MIClx, wherein the cathode assembly includes a center lead disposed within the cathode vessel operable for delivering charge to sacrificial metal chloride MIICly; and a power supply coupling the anode and the cathode assembly, the power supply polarized to produce current flow in a direction that causes anodic dissolution of metal MI into the conductive fluid and deposition of metal MII within the cathode vessel. The systems and methods apply equally to producing metal halide MIXx.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatuses for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream. In particular, the invention provides methods and apparatuses for absorbing carbon dioxide from a coal-fired boiler flue gas stream using an absorbing solution and for regeneration of an alkaline component used in the absorbing solution. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream by contacting a gas stream containing carbon dioxide with an alkaline liquid stream; absorbing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide into the alkaline liquid stream to produce absorbed carbon dioxide; and catalyzing a reaction of the absorbed carbon dioxide to a form of carbonate. In other embodiments, the invention provides a method for producing salable calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas.

Abstract: Aluminum chloride is removed effectively from compound mixtures containing organochlorosilanes such as are produced in the direct synthesis, by adding a diluent containing organochlorosilanes and optionally chloromethane to a solids content <15% and a concentration of compounds having a boiling point >71° C. of less than 25%, and evaporating this diluted mixture into a volatile product stream and an AlCl3-containing solid.

Abstract: A process for purifying solid crude aluminum chloride, containing iron impurities, includes the steps of mixing iron with the crude aluminum chloride and reactively subliming and desubliming the mixture.

Abstract: A mass spectrometry apparatus is provided with an emitter for emitting metal ions, a reaction chamber where the detected gas is introduced and ionized by the metal ions, an aperture for guiding molecules of the ionized detected gas, and a mass spectrometer for measuring the guided molecules. The metal ions emitted from the emitter are caused to fly to the reaction chamber to ionize said detected gas. The detected gas is a halide compound. Further provision is made of a sample gas source for feeding a halide compound to the reaction chamber and an N2 gas source for feeding to the reaction chamber a gas (N2 etc.) to which the metal ions attach less easily than to the halide compound. It is therefore made possible to apply cation attachment of the Fujii system to mass spectrometry of a halide compound and enable precise measurement of fluoride compounds etc. having a large impact on global warming.

Abstract: Compositions and methods which are effective to treat benign gynecological disorders for extended periods of time in women in who the risk of endometrial stimulation is minimized or absent are described, wherein an effective amount of a gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone composition and an effective amount of an estrogenic composition are provided over a period of time, optionally with addition of an androgenic composition.

Abstract: Nitrogen doped polymeric carbon is prepared by reacting stannic chloride with a primary amine at an elevated temperature. The process is useful for coating glass to make reduced solar energy transmittance automotive and architectural glazings.

Abstract: Metal halide compositions of enhanced purity are produced by vapor phase deposition via reactions involving organometallic starting materials in a process wherein a carbon getter is provided in the reaction zone and/or adjacent the developing metal halide deposit. The carbon getter reduces carbon contamination in the product which can result from side decomposition reactions involving the organometallic starting materials.

Abstract: A process for producing chlorides by the chlorination of a material selected from the group consisting of aluminous materials and metal and metalloid oxides in the presence of a reductant. The method comprises calcining a carbonaceous material with added steam to oxidize substantially all precursors of chlorinated hydrocarbons and to form a reductant; and chlorinating a material selected from the group consisting of aluminous materials and metal oxides in the presence of the reductant.

Abstract: Aluminium chloride contaminated with iron chloride is purified by contacting it in vapor form with a bed of particles of aluminium metal interspersed with particles of a chemically inert material. The efficiency of the process may be maintained by acid treating, drying and recycling the bed material. The process may be applied to aluminium chloride produced by the chlorination of a bauxite beneficiate.

Abstract: Anhydrous aluminum chloride is prepared by reacting .gamma.-alumina with carbon monoxide and chlorine and/or phosgene in a fluidized bed at from 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. The .gamma.-alumina used gives, with CuK.sub..alpha. radiation, an X-ray diffraction pattern whose intensity at the diffraction angle 2.sup..crclbar. =42.8.degree..+-.0.4.degree. divided by the intensity at the diffraction angle 2.sup..crclbar. =45.7.degree..+-.0.2.degree. is .ltoreq.0.38.

Abstract: A means to eliminate the suppression of the closed circuit voltage of a Li/CF.sub.x battery during the initial part of its discharge is effected by blending an additive CF.sub.x which does not show significant voltage suppression with the (bulk) CF.sub.x that is normally used in fabricating cathodes for such batteries. Blending is used to get a mixture which has substantially minimized voltage suppression and has good capacity.The closed circuit voltage of a Li/CF.sub.x battery during the initial 10% of discharge is known to be lower than the closed circuit voltage during the later stages. This characteristic adversely impacts applications since the voltage at beginning of life is as low as the voltage indicating end of life, complicating design of circuitry to indicate end of life.In the disclosure, the material with no significant voltage suppression discharges preferentially at the beginning of discharge leading to higher voltage and no suppression.

Abstract: The invention is primarily directed to the production of a substantially iron free alumina-silica product and substantially iron free aluminum chloride from bauxites, bauxitic clays and kaolinitic clays wherein the feed material to an agglomeration stage is selected to contain a minimum of about 20% kaolinite mineral. The agglomerates are so formed to produce a product that is preferably at least minus 6 mesh plus 200 mesh and in a subsequent calcination stage the calcined agglomerates have a bulk density of preferably 0.8 to 1.3. In a subsequent differential iron chlorination stage a substantially iron free alumina-silica product is produced and in a subsequent mass chlorination stage substantially iron free aluminum chloride is produced.

Abstract: A mixture of an aluminous ore and a carbon source is dried and calcined in the presence of a sulfur-containing compound. The mixture is then chlorinated to produce crude metal chlorides. Aluminum chloride is condensed and separated from the remaining metal chlorides, combined with sulfur and aluminum powder, and sublimated and desublimated so as to produce substantially pure aluminum chloride.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an entrained-downflow chlorination process of fine metalliferous ores particularly containing alkali and/or alkaline earth metals greater than about 0.3% by weight as the oxide. The process includes a quenching step following the chlorination step where the chlorinated products are quenched by liquid cooling fluid spray patterns adapted to prevent solidification of the alkali and/or alkaline earth materials onto the reactor walls. The chlorinator unit of this invention prevents disruption of the chlorination process due to presence of liquids or sticky particles and it contains a quenching spray means disposed below the chlorination zone in the entrained-downflow chlorinator unit, whereby the quenching sprays prevent reactor wall buildup.

Abstract: Ferric chloride contained in liquid waste streams comprising higher boiling chlorinated hydrocarbons may be substantially reduced by contacting the waste stream with an amount of water sufficient to convert a substantial amount of the ferric chloride in said stream to solid ferric chloride hexahydrate, and then removing the solid hexahydrate from the waste stream for instance by filtration.

Abstract: A process for the production of aluminum by the electrolysis of anhydrous aluminum chloride produced by the carbochlorination of alumina in a molten salt bath containing at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal halide, comprising carrying out the carbochlorination of the alumina and electrolysis of the aluminum chloride in a continuous production loop using the molten salt bath emanating from carbochlorination as the electrolysis bath and the molten salt bath emanating from electrolysis as the carbochlorination bath.

Abstract: A process for the beneficiation of an iron-containing material is carried out by first chlorinating the iron-containing material. Oxidation of ferrous chloride in the effluent gas from the chlorination is carried out under controlled conditions of oxygen supply so that more than 50% but less than 100% of the ferrous chloride is oxidized. In this way chlorine gas is separated from the process stream in a relatively pure form which can be utilized in a continuous process by recycle to another chlorination.

Abstract: In preparing AlCl.sub.3 from Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 at about 750.degree.-950.degree. C. in a carbothermic process, the rate of the reaction is increased by adding a catalytically active amount of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of:alkali fluorides;alkaline earth fluorides;fused mixtures of alkali, alkaline earth, or alkali and alkaline earth fluorides;alkaline earth carbonates;fused mixtures of alkali, alkaline earth, or alkali and alkaline earth carbonates;alkaline earth chlorides;alkaline earth bromides;alkaline earth oxides;sources of alkaline earth oxides or alkaline earth halides in situ by decomposition upon heating at about 750.degree. C.; andmixtures thereof.

Abstract: A selective chlorination method of a mixture of simple or complex metallic oxides, comprising at least one of the elements to be used, iron, aluminum, titanium and silicon, as well as the impurities accompanying said elements, said method consisting of a grinding, a calcination, a placing in suspension in a bath of melted salts of the mixture of said metallic oxides and of their impurities and of an introduction of chlorinating agents into said bath maintained at a temperature which assures the volatility of at least one of the metallic chlorides formed; characterized by the fact that, in order to selectively extract the metallic chlorides formed from the bath, specific chlorinating mixtures are introduced into this bath by successive steps, said mixtures having increasing chlorinating power, and the introduction is in a number at the most equal to the usuable elements to be chlorinated.

Abstract: A process is described for the direct chlorination of hydrated alumina (preferably alumina trihydrate) to aluminum chloride hexahydrate (ACH) by reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Preferably all of the initial hydrated alumina is converted to ACH. The ACH partially calcined to form an amorphous mixture of aluminum oxides and oxychlorides. This mixture is then reductively chlorinated to form anhydrous aluminum chloride which is suitable as a source of electrolytically produced aluminum metal.

Abstract: A process for decomposing chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds wherein the compounds are heated to an elevated temperature of about 800.degree. to 1200.degree. C. and reacted with alumina and a reactive carbon source. A preferred operating temperature is about 800.degree. to 900.degree. C. and preferred carbon sources are activated carbon and coked alumina. The process is particularly useful for disposing of chlorinated organic compounds that are generated in the production of metal chlorides by chlorination of a metal oxide in the presence of carbon.

Abstract: The purification of aluminum chloride, with the crude aluminum chloride normally being obtained through a process of carbo-chlorination of metallic ores, in particularly aluminum bearing ores, to make the metallic chlorides, in particular aluminum chloride. In the present invention, if the crude aluminum chloride does not contain traces of sulfur, the crude aluminum chloride is blended with elemental sulfur or an equivalent sulfur containing compound and simultaneously elemental aluminum powder or an equivalent aluminum containing compound in the solid state is added to the crude aluminum chloride. This blend is kept at 180.degree. C. at one atmosphere of pressure and is fed into a screw-type sublimer wherein the substantially pure aluminum chloride undergoes sublimation in the presence of elemental nitrogen as a purging agent and under constant agitation. The sublimed aluminum chloride is streamed into a reaction ground bed containing aluminum granules at approximately 250.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved method of producing anhydrous aluminum chloride via aluminum chloride hexahydrate is provided. In a preferred embodiment the method is incorporated into a process for producing aluminum from aluminous ores, and particularly from domestic ore sources comprising (1) acid leaching an aluminous ore to produce aluminum chloride hexahydrate (ACH); (2) calcining the ACH to a specific temperature of above about 450.degree. C. to produce highly reactive aluminous particles containing high residual chloride and low residual hydrogen levels; (3) reductively chlorinating the calcined ACH at a low temperature to produce anhydrous aluminum chloride suitable for electrolytic reduction; and (4) electrolytically reducing the anhydrous aluminum chloride in a fused salt to produce aluminum metal and chlorine which is recycled to step (3).

Abstract: An improved solid carbon reductant comprising partially calcined carbonaceous materials such as petroleum coke, containing relatively low amounts of residual hydrocarbons and a relatively high surface area and thus increased activity as compared to known reductants is provided. This improved reductant is produced by a method comprising heating the carbonaceous material in an oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature of from about 650.degree. C. to about 950.degree. C., preferably from about 800.degree. C. to about 875.degree. C., and most preferably at a temperature about 850.degree. C. In addition, according to the present invention improved chlorination processes are provided using these reductants which result in reduced levels of chlorinated hydrocarbon (C.sub.x Cl.sub.y) production due to reduced residual hydrocarbons. In a preferred embodiment anhydrous aluminum chloride is produced by chlorination of aluminum hexahydrate using the improved reductant.

Abstract: A process for separating inorganic substances involving their abstraction from a mixture with near-supercritical inorganic fluids. One or more inorganic substances are abstracted and then separatively recovered by retrograde condensations. The process particularly is applicable with mixtures obtained from the chlorination of metalliferous ores and may be conjoined to many ancillary metal abstraction processes such as volatilizations, distillations or electrolyses.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a graphite fluoride such as (CF).sub.n or (C.sub.2 F).sub.n by heterogeneous contact reaction between a carbon material such as graphite or petroleum coke and fluorine gas at about 200.degree.-550.degree. C. The carbon material in the form of small pieces such as granules or powder particles is kept in a holder having a number of openings so as to form a carbon material layer in the holder, which is placed in a reactor so as to leave gas passages around the holder. With heating, fluorine gas is forcibly passed through the gas passages without agitating the carbon material in the holder. The openings of the holder are shaped and arranged such that the fluorine gas permeates through the carbon material layer in the holder. For example, the holder is an open-type box made of either a wire screen or a perforated metal plate, or a conveyor belt made of a wire screen.

Abstract: A process is described for reacting chlorinated hydrocarbons other than carbon tetrachloride with metal oxides so as to convert essentially all of the carbon atoms to oxides of carbon. This process provides an efficient and economical means for utilizing chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A novel method of activating carbon is provided comprising contacting the carbon with low temperature aluminum chloride acid melts comprising at least 50 mole percent aluminum chloride and less than 50 mole percent of at least one halide salt capable of exhibiting a liquid state at atmospheric conditions, e.g., sodium chloride. Carbon activated according to the present invention is useful as a reductant of the chlorination of aluminous materials to produce anhydrous aluminum chloride.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of high surface area metal fluorides and metal oxyfluorides comprising reacting high surface area metal oxides with a fluorocarbon vapor wherein the fluorocarbon is selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.4-Q F.sub.Q wherein Q is 1 to 3 and totally or partially fluorinated C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cyclic alkanes, preferably fluoroform (CHF.sub.3) wherein the metal oxides and the fluorocarbon vapors are contacted at a temperature of from about 300.degree. to about 800.degree. C., for a time sufficient to effect the essentially complete conversion of the metal oxides into metal fluorides or the partial conversion of the metal oxides into metal oxyfluorides.

Abstract: Method for converting a heavy or high boiling fraction oil to separate upgraded products, namely synthetic natural gas and carbon-coated aluminum, by hydrocracking the residual oil in the presence of particulate alumina at elevated temperature and pressure. The product streams, carbon-impregnated alumina and hydrocracked gaseous products, upon purification, are each of separate value. Economics of the process are improved by integration of certain purification steps and by the provision of hydrogen, for the hydrocracking process, by recycle from separated hydrogen in the synthetic natural gas stream and from partial oxidation of an additional portion of residual oil feedstock and separated heavy aromatics from the hydrocracking unit.

Abstract: Recovery of fluoride values from carbonaceous waste cathode materials is achieved by reacting the waste materials with oxygen, water, and sulfur dioxide at temperatures between about 600.degree. C. and 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: The production of ultra-hard particles composed substantially of carbon as the dominant element is taught. The ultra-hard particle comprises a covalently bonded lattice structure produced by reacting a carbide selected from the group consisting of acetylide carbides, interstitial carbides and metal carbides with a polyhalide selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.n X.sub.A Y.sub.(4-n)-A, C.sub.2 H.sub.n' X.sub.A' Y.sub.(6-n')-A', C.sub.2 H.sub.n" X.sub.A" Y.sub.(4-n")-A", BX.sub.3, C.sub.6 X.sub.6, C.sub.5 X.sub.5 N, SX.sub.2 and X.sub.2 wherein X and Y are different halogens selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, and wherein A is an integer from 0 to 4, A' is an integer from 0 to 6, and A" is an integer from 0 to 4, and wherein n is an integer from 0 to 4, n' is an integer from 0 to 6, and n" is an integer from 0 to 4, wherein A, A', A", n, n' or n" is the same integer in any particular member selected and wherein n+A=4, n'+A'=6 and n"+A"=4.

Abstract: Metal chlorides such as aluminum chloride (AlCl.sub.3) are separated from a mixture containing metal chlorides including AlCl.sub.3 and ferric chloride (FeCl.sub.3). In order to effect this separation, the mixture is subjected to a fractional distillation process utilizing an array of distillation columns. According to this process, the mixture is introduced into a first distillation column which is operated at temperatures and pressures sufficient to separate FeCl.sub.3 from the mixture while avoiding the formation of a solid solution of FeCl.sub.3 and AlCl.sub.3 within the column. At least one additional distillation column is then employed to separate metal chlorides from the remaining mixture from the first column.

Abstract: A method for purifying with respect to iron, aluminum chloride produced via the chlorination of aluminum bearing ores or materials which also contain iron. The process comprising the steps of:1. chlorinating the aluminum value containing material in a manner which produces a gaseous product containing both ferric chloride and aluminum chloride;2. oxidizing at least a portion of the ferric chloride to particulate iron oxide;3. removing the iron oxide from the gaseous product;4. reducing any remaining ferric chloride to ferrous chloride, using reduced iron oxide, e.g. iron powder;5. condensing the ferrous chloride along with at least about 10% of the available aluminum chloride to assure removal of substantially all iron chloride; and6. condensing the remaining about 80% of the available aluminum chloride as pure product.

Abstract: The efficiency of a given reactor for the conversion of aluminum oxide bearing starting material by means of reducing and chlorinating gases or of carbon coated aluminum oxide bearing starting material by means of chlorinating gases in a solid/gas fluidized bed to yield aluminum chloride is improved by the addition of an inert, solid dilution agent to the bed. Whereas, as a result of the chemical reaction, the average particle size and bulk density of the reagent decreases in a batch process, and in a continuous process an equilibrium value is reached, the average particle size and the bulk density of the inert material remains unchanged. An initial average particle size of 60-80 microns proved successful; quartz, corundum, magnesium oxide of similar particle size and bulk density was added as dilution agent, and a gas flow rate of 2 to 30 cm/sec was attained along with quantitative conversion of the gaseous reagent.

Abstract: The process is based on the series of halide-forming affinities. The oxides are passed through a series of zones equal in number to the plurality of halides or mixtures which are to be produced. A halide of an element of lower halide-forming affinity is fed counter-current to the oxides. The halide supply is in stoichiometric equivalent to the total content of halide to be extracted. The oxide of the said fed element is also extracted.

Abstract: Chlorination of aluminous materials such as alumina and bauxite is carried out at 575.degree. to 750.degree. C. in the presence of a solid reducing agent. The reducing agent is a green coke which has been calcined at a temperature between 650.degree. C. and 900.degree. C. for a period of from 10 to 120 minutes.

Abstract: The production of an ultra-hard particle composed substantially of carbon as the dominant element is taught. The ultra-hard particle is the product of the reaction of a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.4 C.sub.3 and Be.sub.2 C with a member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.n X.sub.A Y.sub.(4-n)-A' C.sub.2 H.sub.n' X.sub.A' Y.sub.(6-n')-A', C.sub.2 H.sub.n" X.sub.A" Y.sub.(4-n")-A" and X.sub.2 wherein X and Y are different halogens selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, and wherein A is an integer from 0 to 4, A' is an integer from 0 to 6 and A" is an integer from 0 to 4, and wherein n is an integer from 0 to 4, n' is an integer from 0 to 6 and n" is an integer from 0 to 4, wherein A, A', A", n, n' or n" is the same integer in any particular member selected and wherein n+A=4, n'+A'= 6 and n"+A"=4.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of high surface area metal fluorides and metal oxyfluorides comprising reacting high surface area metal oxides with a fluorocarbon vapor wherein the fluorocarbon is selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.4-Q F.sub.Q wherein Q is 1 to 3 and totally or partially fluorinated C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cyclic alkanes, preferably fluoroform (CHF.sub.3) wherein the metal oxides and the fluorocarbon vapors are contacted at a temperature of from about 300.degree. to about 800.degree. C., for a time sufficient to effect the essentially complete conversion of the metal oxides into metal fluorides or the partial conversion of the metal oxides into metal oxyfluorides.

Abstract: A process for obtaining anhydrous aluminium chloride from aluminium chloride hexahydrate comprises heating the hexahydrate at a temperature in the range 200.degree.-450.degree. C. until it is substantially dehydrated and reacting the dehydrated material at a temperature in the range 350.degree.-600.degree. C. with a gas mixture containing chlorine, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, to produce gaseous anhydrous aluminium chloride.

Abstract: A method of forming the chloride of a metal-oxygen-containing substance, including the steps of coating particles of such substance with green carbon, i.e. carbon which contains substances more volatile than carbon, heating the coated particles to drive off the volatile matter and produce openings such as pores and fissures, and then reacting the particles from the step of heating with a source of chlorine.

Abstract: Aluminous material is chlorinated in the presence of a reducing agent at pressures greater than three atmospheres. A greater than linear increase in reaction rate obtained at superatmospheric pressures is a feature of the chlorination reaction which is employed to increase aluminum chloride production rate. Choice of pressure used is governed more by mechanical limitations than by an upper limit inherent to the chemical reaction.

Abstract: In the conversion of a metal oxide to a metal chloride by reaction with chlorine and carbon monoxide wherein hydrogen chloride is produced as byproduct, the byproduct hydrogen chloride is contacted with a molten salt mixture containing the higher and lower valent chlorides of a multivalent metal and oxygen to recover the hydrogen chloride by enriching the salt in the higher valent metal chloride. Essentially all of the chlorine values are recovered from the salt by direct contact with all or a portion of the carbon monoxide fresh feed to the metal chloride production, with such carbon monoxide stripping gaseous chlorine from the salt, as well as combining with the chlorine to produce phosgene. The carbon monoxide, chlorine and phosgene are employed in the metal chloride production.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering metallic constituents of spent or waste catalysts containing metallic compounds fixed on an aluminous support. The process is particularly applicable for the recovery of metals such as Al, Mo, V, Ni and Co, contained in spent catalyst. The process comprises transforming the metals to be recovered into volatile chlorides by carbochlorination and then separating the chlorides obtained by dry means and fixing them successively in a selective manner. The separation of AlCl.sub.3 is accomplished by passage through granules of anhydrous NaCl, and the separation of MoCl.sub.5 by passage through granules of crystallized KCl. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of waste catalyst from the catalytic hydrocracking or hydrodesulfurization of oils.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heater for high temperature chlorination of alumina bearing material by gaseous chlorine within a reaction chamber. The heater comprises two, closely spaced, side-by-side, elongated posts made of a carbonaceous material electrically connected together adjacent one of their ends. Two metal bars extend respectively into the other ends of the posts for directing electrical current through the posts. Means are provided for directing an inert gas along the external surfaces of the posts that tend to be cooler than the portions of the posts located to provide the high temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for the preferential chlorination of alumina over silica in the carbo-chlorination of kaolinitic ores to produce aluminum chloride. The process comprises introducing small amounts of alkali metal compounds with oxyanions into the carbo-chlorination process. Preferred embodiments are directed to particular compounds of alkali metals with oxyanions selected from the group consisting of carbonates, sulfates, hydroxides, oxides, phosphates, and the like. The present invention results in significantly reduced energy, manufacturing, and equipment costs and thus represents a breakthrough in the utilization of domestic ores such as kaolinitic clay for the production of aluminum chloride or alumina through oxidation of the aluminum chloride.

Abstract: A process for the production of aluminum chloride comprises providing a mixture of high purity activated carbon and alumina and bubbling chlorine gas therethrough, the mixture being kept at a temperature in the range of 500.degree. to 775.degree. C. Aluminum chloride is removed from the mixture as a vapor and condensed.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of aluminum chloride from coked alumina and chlorine comprises providing a bed of coked alumina in a reaction vessel and introducing gaseous chlorine thereto in an amount sufficient to fluidize the bed, at least a portion of the vessel having a nitride-based refractory lining especially adjacent and bounding the lower part of the fluidized bed. Aluminum chloride formed is recovered as a gaseous effluent emmanating from the bed.

Abstract: Hot vapors of aluminum chloride and by-products produced in the chlorination of aluminous material to form aluminum chloride are cooled by contacting the vapors with solid aluminum chloride as the vapors exit from the reactor and before the vapors come in contact with filter materials. This cooling reduces the temperature of the vapors from an initial temperature of about 600.degree.-800.degree. C down to about 300.degree.-350.degree. C thereby preventing or inhibiting attack of the filter materials by the hot vapors.