Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for producing titanium dioxide, comprising: a) reacting an alloy comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium and mixtures thereof, wherein either aluminum or titanium is a major component of the alloy, and an element selected from the group consisting of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi, with chlorine gas to form chlorides of aluminum, titanium or mixtures thereof and chlorides of the element selected from the group consisting of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi, at or above the boiling p

Abstract: A method for preparing a bismuth iodide article includes heat-treating bismuth iodide at a temperature less than the melting point of bismuth iodide in an atmosphere containing iodine.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed use of lactam as a solvent in the preparation of nanomaterials by precipitation method, sol-gel method or high temperature pyrolysis. These methods are able to recycle lactam solvent, which meet requirements of environmental protection.

Abstract: Ultra-high purity zinc bromide and quaternary ammonium bromides suitable for use in zinc-bromine batteries, and methods for making same, are provided.

Abstract: A method of increasing a work function of an electrode is provided. The method comprises obtaining an electronegative species from a precursor using electromagnetic radiation and reacting a surface of the electrode with the electronegative species. An electrode comprising a functionalized substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A device including a near field transducer, the near field transducer including gold (Au) and at least one other secondary atom, the at least one other secondary atom selected from: boron (B), bismuth (Bi), indium (In), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), manganese (Mn), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O), and combinations thereof erbium (Er), holmium (Ho), lutetium (Lu), praseodymium (Pr), scandium (Sc), uranium (U), zinc (Zn), and combinations thereof and barium (Ba), chlorine (Cl), cesium (Cs), dysprosium (Dy), europium (Eu), fluorine (F), gadolinium (Gd), germanium (Ge), hydrogen (H), iodine (I), osmium (Os), phosphorus (P), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), selenium (Se), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), thallium (Th), and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen peroxide sensitive metal nanoparticle including: a metal nanoparticle including a biocompatible metal and a hydrogen peroxide reactive ion which is bonded to a surface of the metal nanoparticle and is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of nanoparticles in ionic liquids. Specifically, the invention relates to a simple, quick and effective method for the preparation of dispersions of nanoparticles (nanofluids) in an ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing bis(fluorosulfonyl) compounds of the formula: F—S(O)2—Z—S(O)2—F??I by contacting a nonfluorohalide compound of the formula: X—S(O)2—Z—S(O)2—X with bismuth trifluoride under conditions sufficient to produce the bis(fluorosulfonyl) compound of Formula I, where Z and X are those defined herein.

Abstract: The use of metal-accumulating plants for implementing chemical reactions.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for producing metal chloride gas, comprising: a source vessel configured to store a metal source; a gas supply port configured to supply chlorine-containing gas into the source vessel; a gas exhaust port configured to discharge metal chloride-containing gas containing metal chloride gas produced by a reaction between the chlorine-containing gas and the metal source, to outside of the source vessel; and a partition plate configured to form a gas passage continued to the gas exhaust port from the gas supply port by dividing a space in an upper part of the metal source in the source vessel, wherein the gas passage is formed in one route from the gas supply port to the gas exhaust port, with a horizontal passage width of the gas passage set to 5 cm or less, with bent portions provided on the gas passage.

Abstract: A process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes may be thermally or catalytically reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrogen bromide. Poly-brominated alkanes present in the alkyl bromides may be further reacted with methane over a suitable catalyst to form mono-brominated species. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrogen bromide may then be reacted over a suitable catalyst at a temperature sufficient to form olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof and hydrogen bromide. Various methods and reactions are disclosed to remove the hydrogen bromide from the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, to generate bromine from the hydrogen bromide for use in the process, to store and subsequently release bromine for use in the process, and to selectively form mono-brominated alkanes in the bromination step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising a peptide with 2-12 amino acids substituted with a lipophilic moiety and a water soluble salt of an alkali, earth alkaline metal or transition metal. Furthermore, the invention relates to a container comprising such compositions. Additionally, the invention relates to the use of a water soluble salt of an alkali, earth alkaline metal or transition metal for reducing the adhesion of a peptide with 2-12 amino acids substituted with a lipophilic moiety to a surface.

Abstract: Cd-112 isotope is recycled from a Cd-112 chemical separated solution or a remainder of an electroplating solution having a Cd-112 target. The present invention recycles Cd-112 isotope with a low cost, a high purity and a high recycle rate. The recycled Cd-112 isotope can be easily stored. And, the Cd-112 isotope can be used as an imaging agent in nuclear medicine.

Abstract: A method of producing a phthaloyl dichloride compound, the method including: providing a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (2); and bringing the compound represented by the following formula (1) and the compound represented by the following formula (2) into reaction, so as to form a compound represented by the following formula (3), in the presence of at least one compound selected from a zirconium compound, a hafnium compound, and zinc oxide; wherein, in formulae, X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a methyl group, or a methoxy group; when the X is plural, Xs may be the same or different from each other; n represents an integer of from 0 to 2; R represents a halogen atom, a chlorocarbonyl group, a low carbon number alkyl group, or a halogen-substituted low carbon number alkyl group; when the R is plural, Rs may be the same or different from each other; and m represents an integer of from 0 to 2.

Abstract: A reaction vessel (reactor) is shown that, filled with metal and placed either within a CVD type furnace or in a housing in fluid communication with the CVD type furnace can produce commercial quantities of a metal halide gas over extended time periods and multiple furnace runs. The control of temperature and the simplicity of this reaction vessel allows temperature differentials between the metal halide gas produced and the CVD type reactor target thus providing differing deposits. The reactor is noteworthy in that no valves, flow restrictors or other equipment which could create corrosion problems is used in the heated/reactive area of the vessel thus producing very high quality metal halide gas.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to organized assemblies of carbon and non-carbon compounds and methods of making such organized structures. In preferred embodiments, the organized structures of the instant invention take the form of nanorods or their aggregate forms. More preferably, a nanorod is made up of a carbon nanotube filled, coated, or both filled and coated by a non-carbon material. This invention is further drawn to the separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes. In particular, it relates to the separation of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes from conducting (or metallic) single-wall carbon nanotubes. It also relates to the separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes according to their chirality and/or diameter.

Abstract: There is provided a process of treating a metalliferrous material including at least one metal material fraction. Each one of the at least one metal material fraction includes a respective metal, wherein the respective metal is a transition metal. Each one of the at least one metal material fraction also includes a respective first operative material fraction and a respective second operative material fraction. The respective first operative material fraction consists of an elemental form of the respective metal, and the respective second operative material fraction consists of at least one oxide of the respective metal. The method includes providing reagent material including at least one diatomic halogen and at least one aluminium halide. The reagent material is contacted with the metalliferrous material in a reaction zone so as to effect a reactive process which effects production of an intermediate reaction product including at least one produced metal halide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing supported ruthenium, which comprises recovering a ruthenium compound from supported ruthenium used as a catalyst in production of chlorine by oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, and supporting the ruthenium compound on a carrier; and a process for producing chlorine, which comprises producing a supported ruthenium catalyst by the process mentioned above and oxidizing hydrogen chloride with oxygen in the presence of the supported ruthenium.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a solid dopant for doping a conductive polymer, which has a high dispersibility in a solvent by a plasma treatment, a method and an apparatus for preparing the solid dopants, a solid doping method of a conductive polymer using the solid dopants, and a solid doping method of a conductive polymer using plasma.

Abstract: A method for preparing basic zinc chloride, a trace element additive, comprises 1) reacting zinc oxide with hydrochloric acid, wherein the mole ratio of zinc oxide to hydrochloric acid is 5:2, a certain amount of hydrochloric acid is previously diluted in 5-10 fold reaction water, then zinc oxide is added thereto, basic zinc chloride is produced by reacting for 1-3 hours under normal pressure condition at a temperature of 55-95 and pH of 6-8, a reaction liquid after centrifugal separation can be used as mother liquor to be recycled in next reaction, the reaction is as follows: 2HCl+5ZnO+4H2O=Zn5Cl2(OH)8·H2O; 2) water washing, centrifugal separating; 3) oven drying, pulverizing, and packing.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing polycrystalline silicon at relatively low cost, wherein the amount of waste generated is reduced by decreasing the amount of waste generated in producing polycrystalline silicon from silicon chloride by a method of reduction and increasing the amount of reused auxiliary raw materials. In the production of polycrystalline silicon using a gas phase reaction of a silicon chloride gas and a reducing agent gas, a chlorine gas is blown into an exhaust gas discharged from a reaction device to initiate a reaction, an unreacted reducing agent and silicon particles contained in the exhaust gas are chlorinated, and then a reducing agent chloride contained in the exhaust gas is separated from the other impurities and recovered.

Abstract: The instant invention provides methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: Ultra-high purity zinc bromide and quaternary ammonium bromides suitable for use in zinc-bromine batteries, and methods for making same, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of adding nucleation seeds in order to promote the formation of hydrate particles in a flow containing hydrocarbon fluids and water. The method may include adding nucleation seeds at a point in the flow before the hydrate-forming area, the nucleation seeds being available for the promotion of the hydrate formation when this area is reached. The invention also relates to use of various compounds for the promotion of hydrate formation in such a fluid flow, thereby forming a transportable hydrate slurry.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube aggregate and a method for forming a carbon nanotube aggregate are provided. The carbon nanotube aggregate can be formed by treating carbon nanotubes with fluorine gas and sintering the resulting fluorinated carbon nanotubes. A carbon nanotube aggregate can be formed which does not contain a binder or resin matrix.

Abstract: Methods of forming nanoprisms or nanorods from gold seed particles by adding controlled amounts of iodide ion to the growth solution are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for treatment of a gas stream comprising silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen chloride. For example, the present invention is directed to a method for treatment of such a gas stream that involves contacting the gas stream with a metal that reacts with the hydrogen chloride to provide a treated gas stream having reduced hydrogen chloride content. The present invention is further directed to methods for subjecting silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen chloride-containing gas streams to elevated pressure to provide gas streams suitable for transport.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for mobilizing metallic ruthenium or ruthenium compounds from solids to form volatile ruthenium compounds by means of a gas stream containing a hydrogen halide and carbon monoxide, preferably hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide, and for isolating the previously mobilized ruthenium compounds, preferably by deposition with cooling, e.g. in relatively cold zones, in particular on relatively cold surfaces, absorption in suitable solutions or adsorption on suitable support materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a polycrystalline block of a halide of formula AeLnfX(3f+e) in which Ln represents one or more rare earths, X represents one or more halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I, and A represents one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of K, Li, Na, Rb and Cs, e, which may be zero, being less than or equal to 3f, and f being greater than or equal to 1, having a low water and oxyhalide content, in which the method comprises heating a mixture of, on the one hand, at least one compound having at least one Ln—X bond and, on the other hand, a sufficient amount of NH4X in order to obtain the oxyhalide content, resulting in a molten mass comprising the rare-earth halide, the heating being followed by cooling, and the heating, after having reached 300° C., never going below 200° C. before the molten mass has been obtained.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for augmenting the Mark 13a process of Van Zelzen et al., by providing for the addition of dispatchable energy storage and/or additional waste stream treatments. Sulfur-containing stack gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels for electricity production are cleaned, removing the sulfur by use of the Bunsen reaction. The process produces hydrogen and sulfuric acid as byproducts. The hydrogen output of the process can be used to co-produce electricity in a reversible fuel cell, and optionally can be stored so that electricity can be produced during periods of high demand. Optionally the hydrogen can be reacted with air-nitrogen or nitrogen from the combustion gasses to produce ammonia. The sulfuric acid can optionally be reacted with iron or aluminum to produce iron or aluminum sulphates and additional electricity. In addition, mercury removal from the gas emissions from burning fossil fuels (primarily coal) can be performed.

Abstract: A process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes is reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid vapor. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid are then reacted over a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst, such as a ZSM-5 zeolite, at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 450° C. so as to form higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and hydrobromic acid vapor. Propane and butane which comprise a portion of the products may be recovered or recycled back through the process to form additional C5+ hydrocarbons. Various methods are disclosed to remove the hydrobromic acid vapor from the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and to generate bromine from the hydrobromic acid for use in the process.

Abstract: Crystalline scintillator materials comprising nano-scale particles of metal halides are provided. The nano-scale particles are less than 100 nm in size. Methods are provided for preparing the particles. In these methods, ionic liquids are used in place of water to allow precipitation of the final product. In one method, the metal precursors and halide salts are dissolved in separate ionic liquids to form solutions, which are then combined to form the nano-crystalline end product. In the other methods, micro-emulsions are formed using ionic liquids to control particle size.

Abstract: A method of efficient separation/purification for obtaining high-purity silver chloride which eliminates the necessity of a pretreatment of a refining intermediate comprising sparingly soluble silver compounds and impurity elements when silver chloride is separated from the refining intermediate and purified to a high degree and which enables the silver chloride to be used as a raw material to give high-purity silver metal without necessitating the pyrometallurgical refining or electro-refining of the silver metal.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for preparing an amorphous metal fluoride of the formula MX+FX?? comprising the steps of a) providing a precursor, whereby the precursor comprises a structure having a formula of Mx+F(x??)?yBy; and b) reacting the precursor with a fluorinating agent generating the amorphous metal flouride having a formula of Mx+Fx??, whereby M is selected from the group comprising metals of the second, third and fourth main group and any subgroup of the periodic table, B is a coordinately bound group; x is any integer of 2 or 3; y is any integer between 1 and 3; ? is 0 to 0.1; and x??>y.

Abstract: A device or composition comprising an agent for the coagulation of protein-containing fluids, wherein the agent comprises an inorganic component which is soluble in protein-containing fluids. Use of such a device or composition for the coagulation of protein-containing fluids. A coagulum of protein-containing fluid produced using such a device or composition.

Abstract: When high purity silicon is produced through a gas-phase reaction between silicon tetra-chloride and zinc in a reaction furnace, the produce silicon is obtained as block or molten state. after the reaction in which the silicon is not in contact with air and reaction temperature is maintained at melting point of the silicon or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing manganese fluoride, comprising a step (1) of allowing a manganese compound such as MnF2 having been dried at a temperature of not lower than 100° C. to react with a fluorinating agent such as F2 at a temperature of 50 to 250° C. and a step (2) of further allowing a product obtained in the step (1) to react with a fluorinating agent at a temperature of 250 to 450° C. According to this process, manganese fluoride capable of generating a fluorine gas can be easily and inexpensively produced on a mass scale under the conditions of low temperature and low pressure without going through steps of sublimation and solidification.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel colorants based on bismuth oxyhalide and bismuth oxycarboxylates, bismuth oxyenolates or bismuth oxysulfonates and to the use thereof as pigments and coating agents. They are preferably solid solutions, especially solid solutions mainly in the tetragonal crystal lattice of bismuth oxyhalide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for forming stabilized metal salt particles.

Abstract: Process to recover ruthenium in the form of ruthenium halide, particularly ruthenium chloride, from a ruthenium-containing supported catalyst material comprising: a) chemically decomposing the ruthenium-containing supported catalyst material; b) producing a raw ruthenium salt solution; c) purifying the raw ruthenium salt solution and optionally stripping gaseous ruthenium tetroxide from the raw ruthenium salt solution; and d) treating the purified ruthenium compound obtained in c), particularly the ruthenium tetroxide, with hydrogen halide or hydrohalic acid to obtain ruthenium halide, particularly with hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid to obtain ruthenium chloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering antimony catalysts wherein the formation of insoluble solids is reduced.

Abstract: Crystalline scintillator materials comprising nano-scale particles of metal halides are provided. The nano-scale particles are less than 100 nm in size. Methods are provided for preparing the particles. In these methods, ionic liquids are used in place of water to allow precipitation of the final product. In one method, the metal precursors and halide salts are dissolved in separate ionic liquids to form solutions, which are then combined to form the nano-crystalline end product. In the other methods, micro-emulsions are formed using ionic liquids to control particle size.

Abstract: An aqueous seeding solution of palladium acetate, acetic acid and chloride.

Abstract: A process for the removal of water from a mixture comprising water and zinc chloride, which comprises adding to said mixture comprising water and zinc chloride an aprotic, polar diluent whose boiling point in the case where an azeotrope is not formed between said diluent and water under the pressure conditions of the distillation mentioned below is higher than the boiling point of water and which is in liquid form at this boiling point of water or which forms an azeotrope or heteroazeotrope with water under the pressure and temperature conditions of the distillation mentioned below, and distilling the mixture comprising water, zinc chloride and the diluent with removal of water or said azeotrope or said heteroazeotrope from this mixture, giving an anhydrous mixture comprising zinc chloride and said diluent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing particles of a defined size and morphology, using a reaction of reactants, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of rotational forces and wherein the reactants are separated from each other by means of a contactor. The present method is suitable for preparing articles having a particle size from 10-2000 nm.

Abstract: Agents for surface treatment which can impart excellent corrosion resistance to zinc or zinc alloy products at low cost. The agents for the surface treatment of zinc or zinc alloy products of this invention include at least one water-soluble compound which contains antimony, bismuth, tellurium or tin. Ideally, a nickel salt and/or a manganese salt is also included, and most desirably tannins and/or thioureas are also included. Ideally, the zinc or zinc alloy products which have been immersed and treated in an aqueous solution which contains these agents for surface treatment are immersed in an aqueous solution which includes a sealing treatment agent selected according to the colour of the zinc or zinc alloy product to seal pinholes.

Abstract: Fused solid of an europium halide containing a less amount of europium oxyhalide impurities is prepared by a process in which a starting europium halide is heated to fuse in the presence of a halogen source and then cooled to give the fused solid.

Abstract: Dendron ligands or other branched ligands with cross-linkable groups were coordinated to colloidal inorganic nanoparticles, including nanocrystals, and substantially globally cross-linked through different strategies, such as ring-closing metathesis (RCM), dendrimer-bridging methods, and the like. This global cross-linking reaction sealed each nanocrystal within a dendron box to yield box-nanocrystals which showed dramatically enhanced stability against chemical, photochemical and thermal treatments in comparison to the non-cross-linked dendron-nanocrystals. Empty dendron boxes possessing a very narrow size distribution were formed by the dissolution of the inorganic nanocrystals contained therein upon acid or other etching treatments.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing nano-powders and powders of nano-particle loose aggregate, which includes: (a) providing at least two reactant solutions A and B capable of rapidly reacting to form deposits; (b) supplying the at least two reactant solutions A and B at least at the reaction temperature into a mixing and reaction precipitator respectively, in which mixing reaction and precipitation are continuously carried out in sequence, the mixing and reaction precipitator being selected from at least one of a tubular ejection mixing reactor, a tubular static mixing reactor and an atomization mixing reactor; and (c) treating the deposit-containing slurry continuously discharged from the mixing reaction precipitator.