Abstract: Non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising: obtaining asphalt shingle waste (ASW) and performing grinding, screening, and separating steps on the ASW. In some embodiments, granules are removed from the ASW. In some embodiments, the method transforms ASW into ASW powder. In some embodiments, the ASW powder is formed into a plurality of briquettes. In some embodiments, at least one of: the ASW powder, the plurality of briquettes, or any combination thereof is fed into a mixing process that results in an ASW powder filled coating. In some embodiments, the ASW powder is formed into an adhesive composition.

Abstract: Gypsum derived from waste gypsum boards is calcined and converted into gypsum granules including hemihydrate and/or anhydrous type III gypsum. The calcined gypsum granules are dropped into water to prepare a gypsum slurry. Then, dihydrate gypsum particles are crystalized in the slurry. The temperature of the gypsum granules just before being dropped into the water is 90° C. or higher.

Abstract: The bright pigment of the present invention contains a scaly substrate 10 and an outermost coating 20 that covers the scaly substrate 10, that is provided as an outermost layer, and that contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite and hydrocalumite. The bright pigment of the present invention may be further provided with an interference color coating that is disposed more towards the center than the outermost coating and that contains at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide and iron oxide. Moreover, the bright pigment of the present invention may be further provided with a silver-containing coating that is disposed more towards the center than the outermost coating and that contains silver and/or a silver alloy. The outermost coating may contain an anionic pigment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing calcium sulphate dihydrate by reacting a water-soluble calcium compound with a water-soluble sulphate compound in the presence of water and a polymer containing acid groups, wherein the polymer containing acid groups comprises specific polyether groups. Additionally disclosed are calcium sulphate dihydrate producible by the process according to the invention, and the use thereof for production of gypsum plasterboard.

Abstract: Provided is a production method for obtaining high purity nickel sulfate having low levels of impurities, particularly low levels of magnesium and chloride, by adjusting the concentration of an extractant and the pH concentration at the time of treatment in a process of obtaining a nickel sulfate solution having a high nickel concentration by solvent extraction using an acidic organic extractant.

Abstract: A method for the fractionation of lignocellulosic materials into reactive chemical feedstock in a batch or semi continuous process by the stepwise treatment with aqueous aliphatic alcohols in the presence of sulfur dioxide or acid. Lignocellulosic material is fractionated in a fashion that cellulose is removed as pulp, or converted to esterified cellulose, cooking chemicals are reused, lignin is separated in the forms of reactive native lignin and reactive lignosulfonates and hemicelluloses are converted into fermentable sugars, while fermentation inhibitors are removed. In an integrated vapor compression stripper and evaporator system, aliphatic alcohol is removed from a liquid stream and the resulting stream is concentrated for further processing.

Abstract: Bone tissue materials comprising insulin-mimetic agents, such as suitable zinc, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, selenium, and manganese compounds, for facilitating spinal fusion of vertebrae in spinal fusion surgical procedures, and methods thereof. Additionally provided is a bone tissue kit for facilitating fusion of vertebrae in a spinal fusion surgical procedure including a composition formulated for facile application in a spinal fusion procedure comprising an insulin-mimetic agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Yet further provided is an implantable device for enhancing spinal fusion including a prosthetic implant configured to stabilize and promote the fusion of two adjacent vertebrae, wherein the bone tissue contacting surfaces of the prosthetic implant are coated with a composition comprising an insulin-mimetic agent.

Abstract: A method of forming a gypsum based product is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: calcining a mixture of water and gypsum under conditions of raised temperature and pressure within a vessel to produce an alpha-hemihydrate slurry therein; passing the alpha-hemihydrate slurry from the vessel to a mixer for mixing with additional water to produce a settable slurry, which is arranged to set to form the gypsum based product.

Abstract: In an embodiment, the present invention relates to an apparatus and a process for producing a concentrated form of basic zinc sulphate from a, typically dilute, acidic zinc sulphate-bearing solution. The process embodiment comprises the steps of precipitating the zinc, preferably primarily as basic zinc sulphate, from the acidic zinc sulphate solution, preferably using calcium oxide, in such a way as to promote the formation of separate gypsum crystals and basic zinc sulphate particles, and upgrading the zinc content in the precipitates by separating the basic zinc sulphate from the gypsum using size separation techniques.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of using the compositions are provided for forming an embolus within a region of an anatomical lumen for a transitory period in order to achieve a therapeutic effect.

Abstract: Processes for recovering ammonia from an ammonium sulfate stream include reacting the ammonia sulfate stream with a lime slurry to form a slurry comprising calcium sulfate and ammonia; providing the slurry comprising calcium sulfate and ammonia to a stripper configured to recover the ammonia from the slurry; utilizing a heat source from a chilled ammonia process to the stripper; and extracting an ammonia vapor stream from the stripper. Also disclosed are systems for performing the processes.

Abstract: A hot solids process selectively operable for purposes of generating at least one predetermined output based on what the specific nature of the primary purpose of the hot solids process is for which the at least one predetermined output that is selected from a multiplicity of predetermined outputs, such as H2 and CO2, is being produced, and wherein such primary purpose of the hot solids process is designed to be pre-selected from a group of primary purposes of the hot solids process that includes at least two of the generation of H2 for electric power purposes, the generation of SynGas for electric power production as well as for other industrial uses, the production of steam for electric power generation as well as for other uses, the production of process heat, the production of CO2 for agricultural purposes, and the generation of a feedstock such as H2 for use for the production of liquid hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the present invention generates post-mercury oxidation exhaust gas by denitrating exhaust gas of a combustion apparatus, generates desulfurization drainage by desulfurizing the post-mercury oxidation exhaust gas, supplies the desulfurization drainage to the combustion apparatus, and controls a return amount, which is the amount of the desulfurization drainage reused for the desulfurization, based on a concentration of halogens in the desulfurization drainage. Such exhaust gas treatment apparatus can appropriately remove mercury from the exhaust gas, and can desulfurize the post-mercury oxidation exhaust gas more appropriately.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the continuous modification of dihydrate gypsum. The process includes a hemihydration step of calcining the dihydrate gypsum as a raw material into hemihydrate gypsum and a recrystallization step of hydrating and recrystallizing the hemihydrate gypsum in an aqueous slurry to convert the hemihydrate gypsum into modified dihydrate gypsum of a crystalline form different from the dihydrate gypsum as the raw material.

Abstract: Salts of mineral nutrients stabilized with amino acids and/or ammonium salt, product and food supplement in which they are included and procedures of obtention, where the salts are obtained with anions of organic acids or inorganic anions and metallic cations associated with amino acids and/or ammonium salt, in which the invention introduces its general structure: {[Ac]n?·Men+?n[Amino acid and/or ammonium salt]}·xH2O Where ? represents a covalent dative bond, These new compounds have better taste and more solubility in water, making them more bioavailable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an evenly mixed additive enhanced gypsum slurry to a web. Calcined gypsum and water are inserted into a mixer through at least one inlet of the mixer. The contents are agitated to form a slurry. The slurry is passed from an outlet of the mixer into a conduit. An additive is introduced into the slurry along a length of the conduit to achieve a flow stream of a slurry/additive mixture. A cross section of the flow stream is expanded in the conduit while not changing direction of the flow stream and a direction of the flow stream is changed while not expanding the cross section of the flow stream and conduit, all prior to the flow steam exiting from an outlet of the conduit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and associated method for the production of gypsum in manufacturing plant. More specifically, the invention relates to the production of alpha-type gypsum in a gypsum board manufacturing plant. The system yields increased efficiencies by capturing heat given off during processing steps and using that heat to reduce the energy needed for calcination. The invention finds particular application in the production alpha-type gypsum. The present invention is described in greater detail hereinafter in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.

Abstract: A gypsum stucco composition comprising the following components finely divided; calcium sulphate hemihydrate in calcined solid beta crystalline form; and in intimate mixture with said finely divided calcium sulphate hemihydrate and mixed therewith no later than calcination to form the hemihydrate, a sulphate salt comprising at least one of ammonium sulphate and aluminium sulphate, in an amount such that when the stucco composition is mixed with water and allowed to set, the resulting set plaster has increased compressive strength, flexural strength and/or E-modulus compared to a set plaster produced from said finely divided calcium sulphate hemihydrate containing no said sulphate salt.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing hemihydrate gypsum powders for the production of a gypsum molded product from gypsum board waste, comprising at least the following two steps in a random order: a compression step for compressing gypsum obtained from gypsum board waste; and a baking step for converting dihydrate gypsum obtained from gypsum board waste to hemihydrate gypsum.

Abstract: The use of metal-accumulating plants for implementing chemical reactions.

Abstract: A process for treating beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate is disclosed. The process comprises exposing beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate to steam at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Provided is a fixation method of carbon dioxide. The method includes a) grinding waste gypsum to become 200˜300 mesh; b) performing reaction by supplying mixed gas while mixing the ground waste gypsum with aqueous ammonia, and c) separating solid from liquid in the manufactured slurry by centrifugation and drying separated solid and liquid portions with calcite and ammonium sulfate, wherein the mixed gas is formed of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide provides carbon dioxide fixation method containing 5˜25 wt %. When carbon dioxide is fixed by using waste gypsum, reaction efficiency is remarkably high. The fixation method makes more than 95% of supplied carbon dioxide fixed. Also, provided is an economical method that disposes carbon dioxide as a disposal target without its separation, refinement and liquefaction processes, to thereby remarkably reduce the entire process and costs for processes.

Abstract: Process for producing sodium bicarbonate for purifying flue gases, according to which an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate is subjected to electrodialysis to produce a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium bisulfate solution, the sodium hydroxide solution being carbonated in order to obtain sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling the solubility of granular material by treating a precipitate comprising iron(II)sulphate monohydrate originating from titanium dioxide production, in which method the reaction temperature is allowed to increase at the most to a temperature of 120° C., to a plant for treating a precipitate comprising iron(II)sulphate monohydrate, to a product and its uses. A typical method according to the invention comprises the steps of mixing water to the reaction mixture in the said mixing apparatus, and keeping the amount of neutralizing agent sufficient to give a pH value from 1.5 to 4, preferably from 1.5 to 3, to the end product in order to obtain a granular material having a high soluble iron(II) content or keeping the amount of neutralizing agent sufficient to give a pH value ?9 to the end product in order to obtain a granular material having a low solubility.

Abstract: A process of producing silicon tetrafluoride from fluoride containing feedstocks. The process calcines the fluoride containing feedstock and a silica containing feedstock before reacting the mixture with sulfuric acid to produce silicon tetrafluoride. The silicon tetrafluoride is scrubbed with sulfuric acid. Excess sulfuric acid is recycled to the process. The process demonstrates an economic and environmentally friendly way to produce high quality silicon tetrafluoride.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of using the compositions are provided for forming an embolus within a region of an anatomical lumen for a transitory period in order to achieve a therapeutic effect.

Abstract: Disclosed is a clean method for preparing layered double hydroxides (LDHs), in which hydroxides of different metals are used as starting materials for production of LDHs by atom-economical reactions. The atom efficiency of the reaction is 100% in each case because all the atoms of the reactants are converted into the target product since only M2+(OH)2, M3+(OH)3, and CO2 or HnAn? are used, without any NaOH or other materials. Since there is no by-product, filtration or washing process is unnecessary. The consequent reduction in water consumption is also beneficial to the environment.

Abstract: An air pollution control system for a coal combustion boiler includes: a NOx removing apparatus that reduces nitrogen oxide contained in flue gas emitted from this coal combustion boiler, an air pre-heater that recovers heat in the gas, a precipitator 15 that reduces particulates from the gas, a liquid-gas contact type desulfurizer that removes sulfur oxide by way of a limestone-gypsum method and reduces mercury oxide in the gas, a stack that releases the gas after SOx removal to the exterior, and a solid-liquid separator that extracts limestone-gypsum containing slurry from the desulfurizer to the exterior and performs a solid-liquid separation, where water separated in the solid-liquid separator is removed, and concentrated slurry is sent back to the bottom of the desulfurizer to make the gypsum concentration of slurry equal to or higher than 10 percent in the desulfurizer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating sulfuric acid are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes combusting a sulfur-containing material with a gas including oxygen to produce a first stream of sulfur dioxide, mixing water with the first stream of sulfur dioxide to produce a mixed stream, using an energy, electrolytically converting the mixed stream of sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid and hydrogen, generating a source of energy from the hydrogen, and providing the source of energy as at least a portion of the energy for electrolytically converting the first stream of sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid and hydrogen. In some embodiments, the system includes a first chamber for combusting a sulfur-containing material to produce a first stream of sulfur dioxide, an electrolytic cell for converting the first stream into sulfuric acid and hydrogen, and a fuel cell for generating an energy source from the hydrogen.

Abstract: A desalination and minerals extraction process includes a desalination facility fluidly coupled to a minerals extraction facility. The desalination facility includes a nanofiltration membrane section producing a first tailings stream and a reverse osmosis membrane section producing a second tailings stream and a desalinated water outlet stream from an inlet feed stream. The extraction facility produces at least one mineral compound, an extraction tailings stream, and a second desalinated water outlet stream. At least one of the first tailings stream and the second tailings stream is fed into the extraction facility. In certain exemplary embodiments, a natural gas combined cycle power unit supplies power to at least one of the desalination facility and the extraction facility. In certain exemplary embodiments, the extraction tailings stream is recycled into the desalination facility and there are no extraction tailings streams or desalination tailings streams discharged into the environment.

Abstract: Provided is a three-dimensional modeling apparatus including a supply mechanism, a deposition area, a variable mechanism, a discharge mechanism, and a control means. The supply mechanism supplies a powder material. In the deposition area,, the supplied powder material is deposited. The variable mechanism varies a volume of the deposition area per a predetermined layer thickness, and thus the powder material is deposited per the predetermined layer thickness in the deposition area. The discharge mechanism discharges liquid for forming a three-dimensional object to the deposited powder material, the liquid being capable of hardening the powder material. The control means causes the discharge mechanism to discharge the liquid to the powder material, to thereby form a main body being an object being as a target to be modeled and a frame body being an object to be formed in a periphery of the main body, of the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: In an embodiment, the present invention relates to an apparatus and a process for producing a concentrated form of basic zinc sulphate from a, typically dilute, acidic zinc sulphate-bearing solution. The process embodiment comprises the steps of precipitating the zinc, preferably primarily as basic zinc sulphate, from the acidic zinc sulphate solution, preferably using calcium oxide, in such a way as to promote the formation of separate gypsum crystals and basic zinc sulphate particles, and upgrading the zinc content in the precipitates by separating the basic zinc sulphate from the gypsum using size separation techniques.

Abstract: A method for the calcination of powdery or fine-particled plaster includes steps in which the plaster is subjected to a flash-calcination in a calcinator and then post-calcinated in a reaction vessel. The post-calcination is carried out in the reaction vessel by adding humid gas, the reaction vessel not being heated. This post-calcination takes place over a long period of time, that is at least 10 times, preferably 50-100 times longer than, the amount of time taken for flash calcination. Complete calcination can take place without expending additional energy, and the remaining dihydrate produced during the flash calcination is also transformed into semi-hydrate and undesired anhydrite fractions are reduced. The method ensures consistency in the product quality and also increases product quality. The temperature in the upstream calcinator can be lowered to save energy. The method can also be used to accelerate the ageing of calcined plaster.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the continuous modification of dihydrate gypsum. The process includes a hemihydration step of calcining the dihydrate gypsum as a raw material into hemihydrate gypsum and a recrystallization step of hydrating and recrystallizing the hemihydrate gypsum in an aqueous slurry to convert the hemihydrate gypsum into modified dihydrate gypsum of a crystalline form different from the dihydrate gypsum as the raw material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and associated method for the production of gypsum in manufacturing plant. More specifically, the invention relates to the production of alpha-type gypsum in a gypsum board manufacturing plant. The system yields increased efficiencies by capturing heat given off during processing steps and using that heat to reduce the energy needed for calcination. The invention finds particular application in the production alpha-type gypsum. The present invention is described in greater detail hereinafter in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from calcium dihydrate. Said method has the following features: a) calcium dihydrate is fed to an agitated autoclave (1); b) the agitated autoclave (1) is indirectly heated; c) water is added and incorporated in a controlled manner; d) the feedstock is prevented from adhering to surfaces of the reaction chamber by means of moved chains (3) that are mounted on the paddles and/or the drive shaft (16) of the agitated autoclave (1); e) the pressure in the reaction chamber is regulated at intervals or in a continuous manner by discharging vapor when a certain pressure has been reached in the interior, the vapor being conducted via a centrifugal separator (17) and a control valve (18); f) cold air is delivered for residual drying purposes; g) the process material is removed. Also disclosed is a corresponding apparatus for carrying out said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for reducing mercury, which comprises a reagent comprising any of the sulfites of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, or any of the phosphates thereof, or a combination of them, as a main reagent of a catalyst component. And the present invention relates to the catalyst for reducing mercury, wherein the catalyst component is mixed with a different salt as an agent for inhibiting crystallization of the catalyst component.

Abstract: The preparation of gypsum parts (dihydrate calcium sulfate) with high mechanical strength is obtained with the aid of water layers with nanometric thickness. Calcium sulfate is used, dihydrate as well as hemihydrate, to obtain parts from these two materials, pure or mixed, especially to use in construction work, where the parts are prepared by compressing their slightly humidified powders.

Abstract: A system (100) for calcining natural gypsum, synthetic gypsum (112) or a combination thereof, the system including: a mill (114) for grinding and drying natural gypsum, synthetic gypsum (112) or a combination thereof, to produce dried gypsum (116); a flash calciner (118) for calcining the dried gypsum to produce an exhaust gas (130) and calcined gypsum (128); and a mechanism (134) for transporting at least a portion of the exhaust gas (130) produced by the flash calciner (118) to an air heater (126) that supplies hot gas (126a) to the flash calciner (118).

Abstract: A method of purifying flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum. The method includes the steps of a) providing an aqueous slurry containing said FGD gypsum, b) passing the aqueous slurry to a magnetic separator, and c) contacting the FGD gypsum to be purified with a solution containing an acid and having pH below 5 in an acid washing step. Also, a purified FGD gypsum obtained by the inventive method and the use thereof as coating or filler pigment for paper or board.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases using calcium and magnesium scrubbing components and treatment of oxidized effluent from such a system includes passing classified oxidized effluent to a regeneration tank and adding lime to produce a regenerator discharge containing magnesium hydroxide, gypsum and crystalline inert material. Gypsum is separated from the discharge and a magnesium hydroxide stream passed to a concentration system to produce a concentrated solids stream of magnesium hydroxide, residual minor amount of gypsum and crystalline inert material. A portion of the resultant stream is returned to the sulfur dioxide removal system while a portion is passed to the oxidizer. Further portions may be fed to a power plant boiler or to the flue gas stream between a solids collection device and the wet scrubber.

Abstract: A process for heat treatment of fine-grained mineral solids includes passing fine-grained mineral solids through a flash reactor so as to contact the fine-grained mineral solids with hot gases in the flash reactor at a temperature of 450 to 1500° C. so as to obtain hot solids. The hot solids arc passed through a residence time reactor at a temperature of 500 to 890° C. The hot solids are withdrawn from the residence time reactor after a residence time of 1 to 600 minutes. A waste gas of the residence time reactor is recirculated to at least one of the flash reactor and a preheating stage.

Abstract: A process for treating beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate is disclosed. The process comprises exposing beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate to steam at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for treating beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate is disclosed. The process comprises exposing beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate to steam at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A product controlling dissolving rate of biomedical orthopedic implant material and a process of manufacturing the same are disclosed. At constant temperature and humidity and under vacuum, treatment solution is forced to diffuse to the material to form a second phase as a means of controlling the dissolving rate. Different treatment solution can form the phases having different structures from that of matrix. The inventive product has a structure of laminate concentric circle. The second phase and the structure of laminate concentric circle are used as ways for medicine release.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating sulfuric acid (102) are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes combusting a sulfur-containing material (114) with a gas including oxygen (116) to produce a first stream of sulfur dioxide (118), mixing water with the first stream of sulfur dioxide to produce a mixed stream, using an energy, electrolytically converting (108) the mixed stream of sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid (102) and hydrogen (122), generating a source of energy (126) from the hydrogen, and providing the source of energy as at least a portion of the energy for electrolytically converting the first stream of sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid and hydrogen. In some embodiments, the system includes a first chamber for combusting a sulfur-containing material to produce a first stream of sulfur dioxide, an electrolytic cell (108) for converting the first stream into sulfuric acid and hydrogen, and a fuel cell (112) for generating an energy source from the hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing a powder cosmetic which does not suffer from the aggregation of powder even when it contains a large amount of oily component and in which no caking of powder on the surface occurs even when pressed, and a process for the production of platy calcium sulfate dihydrate usable for the cosmetic. The process of the production includes a process for producing a powder cosmetic comprising calcium sulfate dihydrate and an oily component, and a process for producing platy calcium sulfate dihydrate which process comprises dissolving a calcium salt in an organic acid and reacting the resulting calcium solution with sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Systems are disclosed for making and using micro-porous particulates at least partially composed of metal sulfides, particularly alkaline earth metal and transition metal sulfides, as sorbents for removal of mercury from flue gas. Calcium sulfide micro-porous powders derived from the high temperature reduction of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite are disclosed to be reactive substrates for a group of sorbents for adsorption of mercury from coal combustion flue gases produced by the utilities industry, as well as from natural gas and gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons. The sorbents are useful for cost-effectively adsorbing elemental mercury and oxidized mercury species such as mercuric chloride from flue gases, including those containing acid gases (e.g., SO.sub.2, NO and NO.sub.2, and HCl), over a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: The invention provides gypsum wallboard, made from gypsum-containing slurries having outstanding hydration rate characteristics comprising alpha-hemihydrate ground to a particular particle size distribution range and having a Blaine surface area in the range from about 3100 cm2/g to about 9000 cm2/g, alone or in combination with beta-hemihydrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from calcium dihydrate. Said method has the following features: a) calcium dihydrate is fed to an agitated autoclave (1); b) the agitated autoclave (1) is indirectly heated; c) water is added and incorporated in a controlled manner; d) the feedstock is prevented from adhering to surfaces of the reaction chamber by means of moved chains (3) that are mounted on the paddles and/or the drive shaft (16) of the agitated autoclave (1); e) the pressure in the reaction chamber is regulated at intervals or in a continuous manner by discharging vapor when a certain pressure has been reached in the interior, the vapor being conducted via a centrifugal separator (17) and a control valve (18); f) cold air is delivered for residual drying purposes; g) the process material is removed. Also disclosed is a corresponding apparatus for carrying out said method.