Utilizing Sulfate Or Sulfuric Acid As Reactant Patents (Class 423/566)
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Patent number: 9566546Abstract: A chemical looping combustion (CLC) process for sour gas combustion includes a number of reaction zones and is configured to provide in-situ oxygen production and in-situ removal of SO2 from a product gas stream by reacting the SO2 with a calcium-based sorbent at a location within one reaction zone. The CLC process is also configured such that the in-situ oxygen production results from the use of a metal oxide oxygen carrier which is purposely located such that it does not directly contact the sour gas, thereby eliminating the generation of undesirable sulfur-based metal oxides.Type: GrantFiled: January 21, 2014Date of Patent: February 14, 2017Assignee: SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANYInventor: Ali Hoteit
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Patent number: 9139890Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a liquid storage apparatus for use in the sulfurization facility for sulfurizing a sulfate solution to produce a sulfide, the apparatus comprising a plurality of liquid storage vessels for storing a slurry or a filtrate after solid/liquid separation, a collective conduit for collectively passing an inactive gas to be fed into the liquid storage vessels or an exhaust gas discharged from the liquid storage vessels, and a pressure control conduit for receiving the flow of the inactive gas and the exhaust gas in order to control the pressure at the inner side of the liquid storage vessels. The pressure control conduit is connected by a junction to the collective conduit and equipped with a pair of pressure control valves mounted at both, front and rear, sides of the junction communicating to the collective conduit.Type: GrantFiled: April 20, 2011Date of Patent: September 22, 2015Assignee: SUMITOMO METAL MINING CO., LTD.Inventors: Hiroyuki Mitsui, Osamu Nakai, Moritarou Asatori
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Publication number: 20140238480Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for electrodes, devices including electrodes, methods of making electrodes, and the like. In an embodiment, the electrode includes MoS2, in particular, MoS2 nanostructures (e.g., MoS2 nano-petals). Embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in lithium ion batteries, quantum dot sensitized solar cells, dye sensitized solar cells, thin film photovoltaics, and the like.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 24, 2014Publication date: August 28, 2014Inventors: Janet Macdonald, Shane Thomas Finn
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Patent number: 8771619Abstract: A method for selectively removing arsenic from a sulphide material containing arsenic by conducting a leaching step that includes contacting the material with a leaching solution that leaches arsenic from the material to form a pregnant liquor containing dissolved arsenic and a solid of a sulphide material of reduced arsenic content, and subsequently separating the solid from the pregnant liquor. The fresh leaching solution that is provided to the leaching step is an alkaline solution having a sulphide-containing compound present in an amount of from 0 to 1.0 times the amount of sulphur containing compound required to react with the arsenic present in the material.Type: GrantFiled: October 19, 2011Date of Patent: July 8, 2014Assignee: Xstrata Queensland LimitedInventors: David Nakon, David Michael Way
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Patent number: 8764965Abstract: Electrochemical processes to convert alkali sulfates into useful chemical products, such as syngas, alkali hydroxide, and sulfur are disclosed. An alkali sulfate is reacted with carbon to form carbon monoxide and alkali sulfide. In one embodiment, the alkali sulfide is dissolved in water and subjected to electrochemical reaction to form alkali hydroxide, hydrogen, and sulfur. In another embodiment, the alkali sulfide is reacted with iodine to form alkali iodide sulfur in a non-aqueous solvent, such as methyl alcohol. The alkali iodide is electrochemically reacted to form alkali hydroxide, hydrogen, and iodine. The iodine may be recycled to react with additional alkali sulfide. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide from both embodiments may be combined to form syngas. The alkali hydroxide from both embodiments may be recovered as a useful industrial chemical.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 2012Date of Patent: July 1, 2014Assignee: Ceramatec,Inc.Inventor: Ashok V. Joshi
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Publication number: 20090239073Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous copper sulfide nano/micro hollow sphere and a method for preparing the same. The porous copper sulfide nano/micro hollow sphere of the present invention has plural through holes and a hollow structure so as to increase the reactive area thereof. In particular, the porous copper sulfide nano/micro hollow sphere can be applied in a solar cell to enhance a photoelectric effect.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 4, 2008Publication date: September 24, 2009Applicants: Tatung Company, Tatung UniversityInventors: Chi-Yuan Huang, Yen-Hung Chen, Chen-Jing Yu
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Publication number: 20090218550Abstract: A process for preparing a single source solid precursor matrix for semiconductor nanocrystals having the steps of: mixing 0.1-1 Molar of an aqueous/non-aqueous (organic) solution containing the first component of the host matrix with 0.001-0.01 Molar of an aqueous/non-aqueous solution containing the first dopant ions, which needs in situ modification of valency state, dissolving 10-20 milligram of an inorganic salt for the in situ reduction of the first dopant ion in the solution, addition of 0.001-0.01 Molar of an aqueous/non-aqueous solution of an inorganic salt containing the dopant ions which do not need modifications of their valency state, addition of 0.1-1 Molar of an aqueous/non-aqueous solution of an inorganic salt containing the second component of the host material, addition of 5-10% by weight of an aqueous solution containing a pH modifying complexing agent, to obtain a mixture, and heating the mixture to obtain a solid layered micro-structural precursor compound.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 27, 2006Publication date: September 3, 2009Applicant: The Director General Defence Research & Development OrganisationInventors: Manzoor Koyakutty, Aditya Verma, Sampat Raj Vedera, Narendra Kumar, Thundyil Raman Narayana Kutty
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Patent number: 7402547Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude feed has a residue content of at least 0.2 grams of residue per gram of crude feed. Methods of preparing the one or more catalysts are described. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. One or more properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed. The crude product may include hydrocarbons with different boiling point distributions.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 2004Date of Patent: July 22, 2008Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Scott Lee Wellington, Stanley Nemec Milam
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Patent number: 6862461Abstract: Techniques for operator notification of exceptions affecting financial document transaction processing machines are described. A transaction processing machine affected by an exception notifies the operator by sending a wireless message by means of a low cost, wearable operator display unit, which then displays the message using a display screen such as an LCD screen. Upon receiving the message, the operator clears the exception and directs the operator display unit to signal the processing machine that the exception has been cleared. Upon receiving the signal, the document processing machine checks for other exceptions and either resumes operation or performs further exception handling depending on whether further exceptions exist.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 2001Date of Patent: March 1, 2005Assignee: NCR CorporationInventor: Kevin D. Gawne
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Patent number: 5770172Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing a nanometer-sized metal compound. The process comprises forming a reverse micelle or reverse microemulsion system comprising a polar fluid in a non-polar or low-polarity fluid. A first reactant comprising a multi-component, water-soluble metal compound is introduced into the polar fluid in a non-polar or low-polarity fluid. This first reactant can be introduced into the reverse micelle or reverse microemulsion system during formation thereof or subsequent to the formation of the reverse micelle or microemulsion system. The water-soluble metal compound is then reacted in the reverse micelle or reverse microemulsion system to form the nanometer-sized metal compound. The nanometer-sized metal compound is then precipitated from the reverse micelle or reverse microemulsion system.Type: GrantFiled: October 4, 1996Date of Patent: June 23, 1998Assignee: Battelle Memorial InstituteInventors: John C. Linehan, John L. Fulton, Roger M. Bean
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Patent number: 5399323Abstract: A means to increase the reducing potential of natural gas used in the reduction of sulfates such as gypsum. A reducing mixture of natural gas and air (or oxygen) is heated prior to reduction of the sulfate. For gypsum reduction, heating the reducing mixture to 1500.degree. F. (816.degree. C.) prior to gypsum reduction increased the gypsum conversion to calcium sulfide to above 65% at a reactor temperature of 1400.degree.-1500.degree. F. (700.degree.-816.degree. C.) verses less than a 40% conversion rate when an unheated reducing mixture was used.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 1993Date of Patent: March 21, 1995Assignee: Gas Research InstituteInventors: Mark A. Paisley, Kenneth D. Pugsley
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Patent number: 5066470Abstract: In accordance with the invention, gases containing sulfur dioxide are passed through a solution rich in ferric iron and containing barium chloride or calcium chloride. Sulfur dioxide is oxidized by the ferric ion to sulfur trioxide when then forms sulfuric acid in the water. The sulfuric acid reacts with the barium ion to form barium sulfate, while the ferric ion is reduced to the ferrous state. The barium sulfate is separated from the mother liquor by filtration and is then reduced to barium sulfide with a carbonaceous material or any reducing gas. Then, the barium sulfide is reacted with another portion of solution rich in ferric iron to form elemental sulfur, while the barium ion or calcium ion combines with the chloride ion to regenerate barium chloride or calcium chloride as the case may be. The resulting solution, after the sulfur has been removed, is now rich in ferrous iron.Type: GrantFiled: July 9, 1990Date of Patent: November 19, 1991Inventor: Ching-Lung Lo
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Patent number: 4943411Abstract: A process for treating molten cast iron with pure magnesium wherein a granular mixture of magnesium granules admixed with granules of refractory material is flooded with molten iron. By employing granular refractory material of controlled size in the granular mixture, the rate of absorption of magnesium into the iron melt may be effectively controlled so as to optimize magnesium introduction at minimal costs.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1989Date of Patent: July 24, 1990Assignee: Georg Fischer AGInventors: Ivo Henych, Rudolf Pavlovsky
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Patent number: 4795625Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing barium sulphide from barites or barium sulphate. The method of manufacturing barium sulphide as per this present invention involves using finely divided calcium carbide for the reduction at a temperature above 873 K. It is preferred to use carbide mixed with coke. It is also preferred to use an addition of borax to carbide or carbide coke mixture.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1987Date of Patent: January 3, 1989Assignee: Politechnika Slaska im. Wincentego PstrowskiegoInventors: Marian Starczewski, Maria Switonska-Oskedra, Tadeusz Grzywaczewski, Hubert Pisarski, Stanislaw Gazda, Genowefa Sybilska
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Patent number: 4547347Abstract: A process wherein nickel in an aqueous stream is recovered as nickel sulfide by precipitation in an autoclave with pressurized hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a large quantity of recycled fine nickel sulfide seed material is improved when operated under continuous conditions by introducing into the autoclave a small, controlled quantity of supplemental seed material designed to maintain the seed surface area within required limits.Type: GrantFiled: December 2, 1983Date of Patent: October 15, 1985Assignee: AMAX Inc.Inventors: Guy W. Lussiez, Lauren B. Ames
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Patent number: 4325811Abstract: A process for the control of sulfur oxide emissions from the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit which involves circulating solid particles through the process cycle which comprise cracking catalyst and a regenerable sulfur oxide absorbent, absorbing sulfur oxides with the particles in the regeneration zone, withdrawing a stream of particles from the regeneration zone and passing the stream to a reducing zone, contacting the particles in the reducing zone with a reducing gas to release absorbed sulfur oxides as a sulfur-containing gas, and returning the stream to the inventory of solid particles which is circulated between the reaction and regeneration zones. The reducing gas comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrocarbons, and the process conditions in the reducing zone can be adjusted to optimize the release of absorbed sulfur oxides.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 1980Date of Patent: April 20, 1982Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Indiana)Inventor: Ciro D. Sorrentino
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Patent number: 4316947Abstract: Cadium sulfide for electrophotography is produced by reacting hydrogen sulfide with a solution containing cadmium sulfate, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid of a low concentration, and then firing the resulting cadmium sulfide without adding a donor impurity other than that derived from the hydrochloric acid.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 1980Date of Patent: February 23, 1982Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Kiyoshi Suzuki, Hirokuni Kawashima
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Patent number: 4309398Abstract: A process for converting potassium sulfate to potassium carbonate in which a mixture of potassium sulfate and calcium oxide are reacted at a temperature in the range of between about 700.degree. C. and about 800.degree. C. with a gaseous mixture having a minor amount of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide in a diluent with the calcium oxide being present in an amount not greater than about 20 percent by weight of the potassium sulfate to produce an aqueous mixture of potassium sulfide, potassium bisulfide, potassium hydroxide and calcium sulfide and a gaseous mixture of steam and hydrogen sulfide. The potassium and calcium salts are quenched to produce an aqueous slurry of soluble potassium salts and insoluble calcium salts and a gaseous mixture of steam and hydrogen sulfide. The insoluble calcium salts are then separated from the aqueous solution of soluble potassium salts.Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 1979Date of Patent: January 5, 1982Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventor: Atul C. Sheth
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Patent number: 4298584Abstract: Process for removing carbon oxysulfide from a gas stream including contacting the gas stream with a scrubbing solution containing copper sulfate buffered to an acidic pH and removing at least some of the copper sulfides produced.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1980Date of Patent: November 3, 1981Assignee: EIC CorporationInventor: Alkis C. Makrides
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Patent number: 4272397Abstract: Flake-like ceramic particles of zinc sulfide phosphor and method of preparing the same including the steps of preparing flake-like particles of basic zinc sulfate crystal doped with activator, sulfurizing in the particles carbon disulfide, and heating the sulfurized particles in hydrogen sulfide. Particularly by steeping said particles in a solution of alkaline earth metal salt prior to or after sulfurizing, grain growth in ceramic particles can be improved.Type: GrantFiled: May 31, 1979Date of Patent: June 9, 1981Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Yoji Fukuda, Fumio Fukushima, Tomizo Matsuoka, Tsuneharu Nitta, Shigeru Hayakawa
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Patent number: 4260590Abstract: In the Stretford process wherein hydrogen sulfide, obtained for example, in the catalytic conversion of sulfur compounds, is absorbed into an alkaline solution of the sodium salt of anthraquinone disulfonic acid (ADA) and sodium vanadate and eventually converted to elemental sulfur by a reaction of the sodium vanadate with the hydrogen sulfide, some of the hydrogen sulfide undergoes side reactions and is converted to undesirable by-products, e.g., sodium sulfate and sodium thiosulfate. These by-products were removed in the prior art by burning; however, the expensive salts of ADA were also burned in the process of the prior art. In the present improvement, the sodium salts of ADA are preferentially removed in an adsorption column filled with a macroporous adsorption resin, prior to the combustion stage. The adsorption column can be regenerated either with water or with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate formed in the combustion stage.Type: GrantFiled: February 19, 1980Date of Patent: April 7, 1981Assignee: Linde AktiengesellschaftInventor: Gunter Weber
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Patent number: 4243645Abstract: In a magnetohydrodynamic power plant where calcium carbonate seed is used to increase conductivity and scavenge sulfur, forming potassium sulfate, an improved process is disclosed for converting the potassium sulfate back into potassium carbonate for reuse in the power plant. The potassium sulfate is first reacted with a reducing agent in the presence of up to about 40% boric oxide at about 800.degree. to about 1300.degree. C. for at least about one hour to produce potassium sulfide. The potassium sulfide is then reacted with carbon dioxide and steam at about 450.degree. to about 750.degree. C. for at least about an hour to produce hydrogen sulfide and potassium carbonate. Finally, the potassium carbonate and the hydrogen sulfide are separated and the potassium carbonate is recycled.Type: GrantFiled: September 21, 1979Date of Patent: January 6, 1981Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp.Inventor: Edward J. Lahoda
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Patent number: 4202864Abstract: Certain impure steams, especially those from geothermal sources, are polluted with hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, other gases, and finely divided particulate solid matter in a form resembling dust or smoke. These contaminants reduce the efficiency of the steam as a heat transfer fluid, are detrimental to equipment utilizing steam as an energy source, and result in environmental pollution or expensive requirements for limiting the same. By the invention herein so polluted steam is selectively processed in the gaseous state upstream of said equipment to remove hydrogen sulfide therefrom, with or without removing other pollutants, to reduce environmental pollution from effluents thereof, to recover valuable materials therefrom, and to improve the utility of the steam as an energy source.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1978Date of Patent: May 13, 1980Assignee: Deuterium CorporationInventor: Jerome S. Spevack
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Patent number: 4198385Abstract: Methods and apparatus pertaining to reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide include the feeding of sodium sulfate into a combustion chamber in which the sodium sulfate is exposed to a reducing atmosphere while at the same time being exposed also to a temperature above the melting point of sodium sulfide. Thus, a liquid accumulates at the bottom of the combustion chamber and this liquid will of course contain a considerable amount of sodium sulfide reduced from the sodium sulfate.Type: GrantFiled: September 2, 1977Date of Patent: April 15, 1980Assignees: Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft, Chemiefaser Lenzing AktiengesellschaftInventors: Erich Feldbaumer, Heinz Loquenz, Alfred Sandri
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Patent number: 4197122Abstract: A process for preparing raw particles of cadmium sulfide for electrophotography comprises reacting a solution containing cadmium ion and hydrochloric acid with hydorgen sulfide to make cadmium sulfide particles deposited from the solution.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 1977Date of Patent: April 8, 1980Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Hirokuni Kawashima, Kiyoshi Suzuki
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Patent number: 4192854Abstract: A process is described for the simultaneous removal of H.sub.2 S and ammonia from gaseous streams containing other acid and basic gases. The process comprises closed loop scrubbing of the gaseous stream with a copper sulfate-ammonium sulfate solution to yield a copper sulfide precipitate, concurrent neutralization of the acidity generated in the scrubbing step by addition or scrubbing of ammonia and other basic gases, separating the precipitate, hydrothermally leaching the precipitate with oxygen or air under controlled temperature and pressure to reoxidize the sulfide to copper sulfate, recycling the copper sulfate to the scrubber, and rejecting sulfur from the system in the form of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1978Date of Patent: March 11, 1980Assignee: EIC CorporationInventors: Walter W. Harvey, Alkis C. Makrides
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Patent number: 4177067Abstract: A process for treating a pyrite concentrate containing silver, copper and zinc to recover the metals contained therein is disclosed. The process includes the partial roasting of the concentrate to open the pyrite matrix to solution penetration followed by hydrometallurgical steps, including ferric sulphate leaching, reduction leaching, solid-liquid separation and metal extraction steps, to recover the copper and zinc separately and silver in concentrated form.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1978Date of Patent: December 4, 1979Assignee: Texasgulf Inc.Inventors: Terry W. Pepper, Harry G. Bocckino
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Patent number: 4123506Abstract: Certain impure streams, especially those from geothermal sources, are polluted with hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, other gases, and finely divided particulate solid matter in a form resembling dust or smoke. These contaminants reduce the efficiency of the steam as a heat transfer fluid, are detrimental to equipment utilizing steam as an energy source, and result in environmental pollution or expensive requirements for limiting the same. Herein so polluted steam is selectively processed in the gaseous state upstream of said equipment to remove hydrogen sulfide therefrom, with or without removing other pollutants, to recover valuable materials therefrom, and to improve the utility of the steam as an energy source. This is done by contacting a flow of the steam with aqueous liquid reactant media consisting essentially of one or more reactive compounds of certain metals which form solid metal sulfide reaction products and which preferably are electropositive with respect to hydrogen.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1976Date of Patent: October 31, 1978Assignee: Deuterium CorporationInventor: Jerome S. Spevack
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Patent number: 4110400Abstract: A method for efficiently precipitating nickel sulfide from an acidic nickel sulfate solution having a pH between 1.5 and 4, containing about 1 to 40 gpl nickel, optionally containing cobalt, and containing sufficient inert soluble sulfate salt to buffer the solution during the precipitation of nickel sulfide at relatively low temperature and pressure.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 1977Date of Patent: August 29, 1978Assignee: Amax Inc.Inventors: Mahesh C. Jha, Gordon R. Wicker, Gustavo A. Meyer
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Patent number: 4070445Abstract: Sodium, potassium and ammonium thiosulfates may be converted to a mixture of the corresponding carbonates and sulfides by first partially reducing the thiosulfate with CO to formate in a first reduction zone, and then using the formate so produced to effect further reduction of the thiosulfate in a second reduction zone.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 1975Date of Patent: January 24, 1978Assignee: Continental Oil CompanyInventor: Edgar B. Klunder
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Patent number: 4039649Abstract: Process for recovering sulfur from waste waters containing sulfuric acid, comprising reacting in a first step, the waste water with an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfite, separating the formed sulfur dioxide from the solution, reacting the resulting solution in a second step with calcium oxide to form calcium sulfate and an aqueous ammonia solution, vaporizing ammonia therefrom, reducing the calcium sulfate by means of carbon to form calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide, contacting said vaporized ammonia with said sulfur dioxide and with water, thereby forming an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfite, which is joined to that used in the first step and recycling at least a part of the calcium oxide obtained by reduction of the calcium sulfate to the second step.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 1975Date of Patent: August 2, 1977Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Jacques Alagy, Christian Busson, Maurice Cessou
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Patent number: 3941875Abstract: A process for treating a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas in a closed loop system wherein said gas is passed through and absorbed by an alkaline aqueous absorbent containing an alkali carbonate and an oxidation catalyst. The solution containing the dissolved hydrogen sulfide is oxidized with an oxygen-containing gas to convert the absorbed hydrogen sulfide into elementary sulfur and sulfur salt compounds. After separation of the elementary sulfur from the solution, the solution is re-circulated for use as alkaline absorbent. A part of the re-circulated solution is diverted and subjected to mixed-combustion with an auxiliary fuel in a combustion furnace at an air ratio lower than 0.9 and at a temperature of 700.degree.C to 1100.degree.C to thermally decompose the sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide and an alkali carbonate.Type: GrantFiled: April 26, 1973Date of Patent: March 2, 1976Assignee: Nittetu Chemical Engineering Ltd.Inventors: Hidemasa Tsuruta, Yukinori Hiwatashi, Teruhiko Hirabayashi, Seiji Kumata