Abstract: The present invention relates to spindle-shaped goethite particles having an average major axial diameter of 0.05 to 0.18 &mgr;m, spindle-shaped hematite particles having an average major axial diameter of 0.05 to 0.17 &mgr;m, spindle-shaped magnetic metal particles containing iron as a main component, which exhibit an adequate coercive force, good dispersibility, good oxidation stability and excellent coercive force distribution notwithstanding the average major axial diameter thereof is as small as 0.05 to 0.15 &mgr;m, and processes for producing the respective particles. Especially, the spindle-shaped magnetic metal particles containing iron as a main component, have an average major axial diameter of 0.05 to 0.15 &mgr;m, an aspect ratio of from 5:1 to 9:1, a size distribution (standard deviation/average major axial diameter) of not more than 0.30, a crystallite size D110 of 130 to 160 Å, a Co content of from 0.

Abstract: The tribo-electro static charge is stabilized by treating the surface of the metallic-oxide fine powders such as a silica powder, using the mixed solution which consists of a specific silane coupling agent containing primary amino group, other silane coupling agent containing amino group and the hydrophobic agent The powder such as silica has the small charge variation with time, and is suitable as the additive of the powder coatings or the electrophotographic toner.

Abstract: Spindle-shaped goethite particles of the present invention uniformly contain cobalt of 1 to 20 atm %, calculated as Co, based on whole Fe and aluminum of 1 to 15 atm %, calculated as Al, based on whole Fe, and have an X-ray crystallite size ratio (D020:D110) of not less than 1.0:1 and less than 2.0:1, an average major axial diameter of 0.05 to 0.20 &mgr;m, an average minor axial diameter of 0.010 to 0.020 &mgr;m and an average aspect ratio (average major axial diameter:average minor axial diameter) of 4:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of an iron oxide yellow by

Abstract: An iron compound catalyst for inhibiting the generation of dioxin of the present invention, comprise iron oxide particles, iron oxide hydroxide particles or mixed particles thereof having a catalytic activity capable of converting not less than 15% of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide when 2.8×10−4 mol of iron oxide particles obtained by heat-treating said iron compound catalyst in air at a temperature of 800° C. for 15 minutes, are instantaneously contacted with 6.1×10−7 mol of carbon monoxide at a temperature of 250° C. at a space velocity (SV) of 42,400 h−1 in an inert gas atmosphere using a pulse catalytic reactor, said iron oxide particles or said iron oxide hydroxide particles having an average particle size of 0.01 to 2.0 &mgr;m, a BET specific surface area of 0.2 to 200 m2/g, a phosphorus content of not more than 0.02% by weight, a sulfur content of not more than 0.6% by weight and a sodium content of not more than 0.5% by weight.

Abstract: A process for the production of a black iron oxide pigment from Fe2O3 hematite iron oxide which may be an impure oxide produced by the “Ruthner” process or by other means, or which may be a mineral hematite. The process may be used to upgrade poor quality synthetic or natural hematite, or to improve their performance as red pigments, by conversion to black pigment with subsequent oxidation of the magnetite so produced back to hematite. The process uses a low temperature aqueous slurry reaction in which the hematite is contacted with a soluble source of Fe(II) ions in the presence of a soluble source of Fe(III) ions in an aqueous alkaline medium to convert the same to Fe3O4.

Abstract: The present invention provides particles for a non-magnetic undercoat layer of a magnetic recording medium, which comprises particular hematite particles having an average major axial diameter of not more than 0.3 &mgr;m, a geometrical standard deviation in the major axial diameter of not more than 1.50 and a BET specific surface area of not less than 40 m2/g, and containing a total amount of sodium of not more than 50 ppm calculated as Na. The particular hematite particles have an excellent dispersibility in a vehicle so that a non-magnetic undercoat layer containing the particles is excellent in surface smoothness and strength. A magnetic recording medium using the non-magnetic undercoat layer is excellent not only in electromagnetic performance, but in storage stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing magnetite particles useful for the production of toners by (a) placing an alkaline component in the form of an aqueous solution in a vessel under a protective gas, (b) adding 1.0 to 3.0 mol %, relative to Fe of the magnetite, of a silicate component to form a reaction mixture, (c) heating the reaction mixture to a precipitation temperature of 60 to 80° C., (d) adding an iron(II) component at a rate of 0.5 to 1.5 mol of Fe/hour per mol of the alkaline component until the pH of the suspension is 7.0 to 8.5, and (e) oxidizing the suspension with an oxidizing agent at a rate of 20 to 5 mol % of Fe(II)/hour to an Fe(III) content of 65 to 75 mol % of Fe(III).

Abstract: A contaminated water disinfectant and method including a quantity of substantially dry soluble alkali metal ferrate (VI) particles. A porous sealed packet contains the particles in a quantity sufficient to disinfect a predetermined quantity of contaminated water by oxygenation. A quantity of substantially dry insoluble inert particles are also contained within said packet and are of sufficient weight to cause the packet to at least partially sink into the contaminated water. The packet is formed of a porous sheet material capable of passing oxygen and water therethrough while preventing undissolved ferrate and inert particles from passing from the packet and entering the water.

Abstract: A fine red iron oxide pigment of the present invention comprises hematite particles and having a geometrical standard deviation of major axial diameter of not more than 1.5, a geometrical standard deviation of minor axial diameter of not more than 1.3 and an average major axial diameter of 0.005 to 0.1 &mgr;m. Such fine red iron oxide pigment is uniform in both major axial diameter and minor axial diameter thereof and exhibits an excellent transparency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an activated metal oxide and methods for removing sulfur compounds from fluids, whereby the activated metal oxide includes an amount of metal oxide and an amount of ethoxylated fatty amine, with the ethoxylated fatty amine increasing the rate of reactivity between the metal oxide and the sulfur compounds, which include hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, mercaptans, and other organic sulfides. The ethoxylated tallow amines include ethoxylated tallow amine, ethoxylated cocoa amine, ethoxylated oleic amine, ethoxylated soya amine, ethoxylated palmatic amine, ethoxylated steric amine, and combinations thereof. The method involves activating the metal oxide, preferably iron oxide or zinc oxide, with an amount of ethoxylated fatty amine so that when fluids, such as water or liquid hydrocarbons, contact the metal oxide the sulfur compounds are removed.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for regenerating spent acid liquor includes a primary roasting furnace for evaporating a substantial portion of the liquid from the spent acid to produce acid vapors and partially roasted metal salts. The partially roasted metal salts are transferred to a secondary roasting chamber where the acids adhering to the surface of the metal salts is vaporized and the metal salts are oxidized. The acid vapors from the primary roasting furnace are then transferred to an absorption column to regenerate the acid. The primary roasting furnace is operated at a different temperature from the secondary roasting chamber and has different retention times for the metal salts. The secondary roasting chamber includes a raking device to mix and convey the metal salts during the secondary roasting step to produce a uniformly roasted metal oxide.

Abstract: A new, cost effective process for the production of ultrafine particles which is based on mechanically activated chemical reaction of a metal compound with a suitable reagent. The process involves subjecting a mixture of a metal compound and a suitable reagent to mechanical activation to increase the chemical reactivity of the reactants and/or reaction kinetics such that a chemical reaction can occur which produces a solid nano-phase substance. Concomitantly, a by-product phase is also formed. This by-product phase is removed so that the solid nano-phase substance is left behind in the form of ultrafine particles. During mechanical activation a composite structure is formed which consists of an intimate mixture of nano-sized grains of the nano-phase substance and the reaction by-product phase.

Abstract: A method for producing iron oxide powder, of which the particle size and shape are controlled, comprising the steps of dissolving &agr;-FeOOH in a glycol as a solvent to provide a solution; adding a controller for particle size and shape of the powder to the solution to provide a mixture; and reacting the mixture at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours.

Abstract: Iron oxyhydroxide particles that are composed of acicular particles having an average major axis of 0.01 to 0.5 &mgr;m and containing not less than 0.1 wt. % and not more than 30 wt. % of Al in the iron oxyhydroxide and that release not less than 0.1 wt. % and not more than 2 wt. % of H2O at 100° C. are used as particles of a lower layer of a coating type magnetic recording medium having a multi-layer structure. The acicular particles include ones having two or more branches whose branching direction is skewed toward a two-dimensional orientation.

Abstract: A fine yellow composite iron oxide hydroxide pigment of the present invention has an average major axial diameter of not less than 0.005 .mu.m and less than 0.1 .mu.m, which comprises:fine goethite particles as core particles, containing aluminum inside thereof in an amount of 0.05 to 50% by weight, calculated as Al, based on the weight of said core particles; anda composite oxide hydroxide of Fe and Al, coated on the surface of each core particle. Such fine yellow composite iron oxide hydroxide pigment are excellent in transparency and heat resistance.

Abstract: A process for producing positive electrode active material includes feeding an aqueous nickel salt solution, aqueous solutions of different kinds of metals, aqueous solution containing ammonium ions and aqueous alkali solution each independently and simultaneously into a reaction vessel such that the amount of alkali metal is 1.9-2.3 moles relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals and the amount of ammonium ions is 2 moles or more relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals, the pH in the vessel is 11-13, the temperature in the vessel is 30-60.degree. C. and the average residence time is 20-50 hours.

Abstract: Pure-coloured iron oxide yellow pigments having a silking index of less than 5 and a heat resistance of greater than 220.degree. C. in polyethylene for at least 5 minutes are obtained by oxidation of metallic iron with nitrobenzene in an acid medium in the presence of compounds of elements chosen from main groups 3 and 4 of the periodic table.

Abstract: Pelletized adsorbent compositions and methods of adsorbing toxic target compounds are provided for the destructive adsorption or chemisorption of toxic or undesired compounds. The pelletized adsorbents are formed by pressing together powder nanocrystalline particles comprising a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide at pressures of from about 50 psi to about 6000 psi to form discrete self-sustaining bodies. The pelletized bodies should retain at least about 25% of the surface area/unit mass and total pore volume of the starting metal particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of synthetic (synthetically produced) iron raw materials to prepare iron oxide pigments in the Penniman process and other iron-dissolution processes.

Abstract: Black ultrafine magnetite particles of this invention have an FeO content of 31 to 35% and a particle size of 0.1 .mu.m or less. A process for producing the black ultrafine magnetite particles comprises dispersing ultrafine magnetite particles with a particle size of 0.1 .mu.m or less in water containing ferrous hydroxide, aging the dispersion of 90 to 200.degree. C. at a free alkali concentration of 1 mol/liter (M/l) or more, then adding 0.2 to 5%, based on the magnetite particles, of sodium oleate or potassium oleate, and adjusting the pH to 5 to 6 to adhere oleic acid to magnetite.

Abstract: Electromagnetic shielding material is formed from a shielding composition made with magnetic particles and a binder, where the magnetic particles have an average diameter less than about 1000 nm and are substantially crystalline. The magnetic particles can be formed from Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, Fe.sub.3 C, or Fe.sub.7 C.sub.3. The shielding composition can be formed into a layer or into composite particles. The binder can be a metal or an electrically conducting polymer. A conducting layer can be placed adjacent to the shielding composition. The shielding material can be used to protect sensitive electronic devices. Methods are described for forming iron oxide particles by laser pyrolysis.

Abstract: A for producing metal oxide and/or organo-metal oxide compositions from metal oxide and organo-metal oxide precursors utilizing a rate modifying drying agent. The process allows metal oxide and/or organo-metal oxide compositions to be produced from a wide variety of metal oxide and organo-metal oxide precursors including metal halides and organometallic halides.

Abstract: A process for producing acrylic acid from propane and oxygen gas through a vapor-phase catalytic oxidation reaction, said process comprising conducting the reaction using as a catalyst a metal oxide containing metallic elements Mo, V, Sb, and A (provided that A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Sn, W, Ti, Ni, Fe, Cr, and Co). The metal oxide is prepared by a process including specific steps (1) and (2). The metal oxide may be supported on a compound containing specific elements.

Abstract: Non-silking iron oxide yellow pigments with high color density.Iron oxide yellow pigments in the .alpha.-FeOOH modification with a silking index of less than 5 were obtained in whicha) .alpha.-FeOOH seeds are produced by precipitation from an Fe(II)-containing solution with an alkaline precipitating agent in the presence of soluble aluminium salts in an amount of 3 to 9 wt. %. calculated as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, with respect to precipitated .alpha.-FeOOH, and subsequent oxidation to .alpha.-FeOOH andb) pigment growth is performed by precipitating further iron with simultaneous oxidation, wherein the seed/time yield is less than 0.3 h.sup.-1 and the pH value is less than 3.9 over the entire period of pigment growth andc) pigment growth is terminated at a reproduction factor between 3 and 20.

Abstract: The present invention relates to iron oxide yellow pigments, to a method of producing iron oxide yellow pigments by a precipitation method from iron(II) chloride and an alkaline component, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Rectangular parallelopipedic lepidocrocite particles of the present invention have a minor axial diameter of 0.045 to 0.5 .mu.m, a major axial diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m, and a thickness of 0.001 to 0.3 .mu.m, which are individual. Such rectangular parallelopipedic lepidocrocite particles according to the present invention are firstly used as a coloring pigment for paints, resin moldings, printing ink, road asphalt, cosmetics, etc., and secondly used as a non-magnetic material for non-magnetic undercoat layers which are formed on non-magnetic substrates which constitute a substrate for magnetic recording media, and which have an excellent surface smoothness and a high strength.

Abstract: The disclosure describes plastic formed products comprising:one selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin; and0.1 to 10 wt % of at least one selected from the group consisting of ferric oxide hydroxide particles, hematite particles, magnetite particles and maghemite particles;wherein (1) the average major axial diameter or the plate diameter of said ferric oxide hydroxide particles is 0.02 or 2.0 .mu.m and the average aspect ratio or the plate ratio thereof is 2 to 20, (2) the average particle size of said hematite particles, magnetite particles and maghemite particles is 0.01 to 1.0, the BET specific surface area thereof is 1 to 120 m.sup.2 /g and the water content on the surfaces thereof is not less than 0.02 wt %/m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spindle-shaped goethite particles containing cobalt of 8.0 to 50.0 atm %, calculated as Co, based on the total Fe in the spindle-shaped goethite particles and a compound of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Nd, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Tb, Ca, Mg, Ba and Sr of not more than 25.0 atm %, calculated as the element, based on the total Fe in the spindle-shaped goethite particles, and having an average major axis diameter of 0.05 to 0.15 .mu.m, a size distribution (standard deviation/major axis diameter) of not more than 0.30, an average minor axis diameter of 0.010 to 0.025 .mu.m, an aspect ratio of 4 to 8 and an X-ray crystallite size ratio (D.sub.020 /D.sub.110) of 2.0 to 3.5.

Abstract: Apparatus and a process are provided for converting and/or removing harmful constituents from solid hazardous or other undesirable waste material by heating the waste in a reactor in the presence of a continuous flow of oxygen and waste metals, wherein the waste material becomes a molten metal oxide bath which when solidified, has a spinel structure to chemically bond harmful constituents within the spinel structure by crystal chemical substitution. The resulting metal oxides are environmentally acceptable. A substantially gaseous effluent which may contain particulate material is also generated. The effluent is conducted through a high temperature zone to destroy organic and other harmful constituents influenced by temperature and dwell time. The effluent is further processed through an emissions treatment system to achieve acceptable environmental quality.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalytic composition which is based on a cerium oxide and on at least one other oxide chosen from iron, manganese and praseodymium oxides, which controls H.sub.2 S emissions in the catalysis of treatment of automobile exhaust gas.

Abstract: The disclosure describes spindle-shaped magnetic iron-based alloy particles containing cobalt and iron as the main ingredients in which the Co content is 1.0 to 50.0 atm % (calculated as Co) based on the total Fe in the spindle-shaped magnetic iron-based alloy particles, and which the spindle-shaped magnetic iron-based alloy particles have an average major axis diameter of 0.05 to 0.18 .mu.m, a size distribution (standard deviation/major axis diameter) of not more than 0.25, an average minor axis diameter of 0.010 to 0.020 .mu.m, an aspect ratio (major axis diameter/minor axis diameter) of 4 to 15, an X-ray crystallite size D.sub.110 of 120 to 180 .ANG., a coercive force of 1720 to 2500 Oe, a saturation magnetization of not less than 110 emu/g, and a saturation magnetization decrement percentage of not more than 17%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of iron oxide yellow pigments by the process of precipitation from iron(II) chloride and from an alkaline component as well as the use thereof.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the production of iron oxides having low chloride ion content comprising charging of a free HCl containing iron chloride solution into a spray roaster with a feeding device and a spray boom for charging the iron chloride containing solution into a reaction chamber heated by combustion gases thermally decomposing the solution into iron oxide, HCl gas and reaction gases a discharging device for the iron oxide and a cooling zone between the burner's focal plane and the discharging device cooling of iron oxide granules to temperatures at less than 450.degree. C. reducing the concentration of HCl gas to less than 10 volume percent charging the layer of iron oxide granules onto a conveyor plate charged with hot steam and feeding the exhaust gases into the central combustion duct of the spray roaster. The resulting iron oxide has a residual chloride ion content of less than 500 ppm Cl.sup.- and a specific surface area in excess of 3.5 m.sup.3 /g.

Abstract: In a process for producing hydrated iron oxide which comprises the steps of adding an aqueous alkali solution to an aqueous solution of a ferrous salt in an amount no more than a neutralizing equivalent amount with respect to said ferrous salt, oxidizing the resulting ferrous hydroxide containing suspension to produce the seed crystals of hydrated iron oxide and subsequently supplying an additional amount of alkali and oxidizing the hydrated iron oxide to grow, sulfurous acid or a sulfite is added to either the aqueous ferrous salt solution or the aqueous alkali solution or the suspension containing ferrous hydroxide before the oxidation of ferrous hydroxide starts. The resulting hydrated iron oxide may be used as a raw material to produce berthollide, maghemite or a cobalt-doped ferromagnetic iron oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas, and in particular provides a catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas using a complex oxide, which is not deteriorated in its purifying performance even in a lean atmosphere containing sulfur dioxide SO.sub.2 at temperatures as high as at least 1,000.degree. C., comprising at least one of the noble metals and one or at least two elements selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals and Group IIIA elements, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel and cobalt is supported in the surface portion of the catalyst, the catalyst further comprising, as a constituent element of the complex oxide, at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel and cobalt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of yellow, highly transparent iron oxide pigments of elevated chemical purity, to yellow iron oxide pigments obtainable in this manner and to the use thereof to color lacquers and plastics.

Abstract: Magnetic particles for a magnetic toner comprise:Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.30 .mu.m,containing not less than 0.9 atm % and less than 1.7 atm % of silicon, calculated as Si, based on Fe,having a substantially cubic shape each ridge of which has a curved surface, andhaving a ratio .phi. represented by the following formula of more than 1.0 and less than 1.4:.phi.=l/wwherein l represents an average maximum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles and w represents an average minimum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oxide (P), which includes the steps of (i) forming a solid phase compound (O) based on an oxide containing molecular entities (1) chosen from optionally substituted ammonium, diammonium, diazan-ium or diazandium, the entities being distributed within the solid matrix, and (ii) eliminating the entities (1) from the solid phase compound (O) by reacting the solid phase compound (O) with a gaseous stream containing a break-down reactant for the entities (1), and isolating the resulting solid material (P).

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst for ammonia synthesis. The main phase of the catalyst is a non-stoichiometric ferrous oxide expressed as Fe.sub.1-x O, which is structurally in a Wustite crystal phase form having the rock salt face-centered cubic lattice with lattice paracueter of 0.427-0.433 nm. This catalyst, which has quick reduction rate and high activity, and remarkably lowers the reaction temperature, is especially applicable as an ideal low-temperature, low-pressure ammonia synthesis catalsyt and can be widely used in ammonia synthesis industry.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal oxide powder which comprises heating a metal or metals in an atmosphere gas comprising a halogen gas, a hydrogen halide gas or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less; and oxygen, water vapor or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of iron oxide brown, red and black pigments and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of synthetic (synthetically produced) iron raw materials to prepare iron oxide pigments in the Penniman process and other iron-dissolution processes.

Abstract: A method of contrast enhanced ultrasonic diagnostic imaging comprising administering to a subject a contrast enhancing amount of spheres or particles comprising a matrix enclosing a contrast agent which reflects sound waves, said matrix being a biocompatible, biodegradable, non-immunogenic, non-polyamino acid polymer; and generating an ultrasonic image of said subject.

Abstract: A thin-walled monolithic iron oxide structure, and process for making such a structure, is disclosed. The structure comprises a monolithic iron oxide structure obtained from oxidizing a thin-walled iron-containing, preferably plain steel, structure at a temperature below the melting point of iron. The preferred wall thickness of the steel is less than about 0.3 mm. The preferred iron oxides of the invention are hematite, magnetite, and combinations thereof. The thin-walled structures of the invention have substantially the same physical shape as the iron starting structure. Thin-walled iron-oxide structures of the invention can be used in a wide variety of applications, including gas and liquid flow dividers, corrosion resistant components of automotive exhaust systems, catalytic supports, filters, thermal insulating materials, and sound insulating materials.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition for screening out ultraviolet radiation, comprising, in association, at least one nanopigment of metallic oxide and at least one UV-screening fat-soluble polymer.

Abstract: .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 pigments and Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 pigments with a particle diameter of 2 to 100 nm, a saturation magnetization above 40 nTm.sup.3 /g, a remanence below 10 nTm.sup.3 /g, a Cr content below 40 mg/kg of pigment, a Cu content below 40 mg/kg of pigment and C content below 100 mg/kg of pigment and aqueous suspension of these pigments. The pigments are used in aqueous suspension in the medical sector, in particular as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: Ferrite materials including spinel and magnetoplumbite ferrite materials are prepared by using a mixture containing at least one metal chloride and at least one metal oxide as a starting raw material and roasting the mixture in a steam-containing atmosphere to carry out pyrolysis reaction and solid phase reaction at the same time.

Abstract: A method for preparing an active substance for use in a positive electrode in chemical cells comprising a negative electrode is described. The method comprises preparing a mixed aqueous solution of a water-soluble lithium compound, a water-soluble transition metal compound, and an organic acid selected from the group consisting of organic acids having, in the molecule, at least one carboxyl group and at least one hydroxyl group and organic acids having at least two carboxyl groups, preparing an organic acid complex comprising lithium and a transition metal, and thermally decomposing the complex at temperatures sufficient for the decomposition to obtain the active substance. The complex may be prepared by dehydrating the solution. Alternatively, the complex may be formed by spraying the solution under heating conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of synthetically produced, bainite-rich iron raw materials to prepare iron oxide pigments.