Abstract: Methods for generating human arterial endothelial cells under defined conditions in the absence of insulin are described. In particular, provided herein are efficient, defined, and scalable methods for generating human arterial endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Also provided herein are uses of human arterial endothelial cells obtained according to these methods. For example, methods of treating peripheral arterial disease and methods of screening agents for that effect adhesion of leukocytes to arterial endothelial cells are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of alkali metal salts and preferably lithium chloride for treatment of Varroa destructor infestation of honey bees.

Abstract: A composition used to facilitate healing of cold sores, fever blisters and canker sore that includes potassium, rubidium, zinc, calcium and sodium is provided. This composition is compounded into a polyethylene glycol ointment containing allantoin (0.5 to 2 percent) and camphor (0.1 to 3 percent) and/or menthol (0.1 to 1 percent). In another embodiment, a method to treat cold sores, fever blisters and canker sores is provided by applying an effective amount of this composition to cold sores, fever blisters and canker sores of a subject in need of treatment thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid composition including at least one hypothiocyanite (OSCN?) salt combined with a cation, wherein said solid composition is in the form of an amorphous and/or crystalline powder. The invention also relates to a method for producing said solid composition, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A solid composition is provided herein comprising at least one hypothiocyanite salt (OSCN—) of a cation in an amorphous and/or crystalline powder form. Also provided herein are methods of making the composition and methods of treating various conditions, such as airborne infection, lower respiratory tract infection or upper respiratory tract infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-irritating, sprayable wound dressing composition and a non-irritating, non-sprayable ointment for treating wounds in mammals such as horses or dogs. The composition of the present invention is made of an acceptable carrier and an active ingredient made of organic salts of naturally occurring cations having the capacity to facilitate healing of wounds.

Abstract: An improved dietary and/or therapeutic supplement composition comprising a quantity of a dietary and/or therapeutic supplement agent having a pH that upon ingestion with food or a beverage would limit the effectiveness of the agent and a sufficient amount of an alkaline electrolyte additive is provided in combination with the agent to raise the pH of the composition to a level of from about 8 to about 12.5 to increase the effectiveness and functional utilization of the agent while the composition is in the person's stomach. In a preferred composition, the electrolyte additive is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium and potassium electrolytes. The supplement composition may be in the form of tablet, capsule, powder or liquid forms. The supplement composition is designed to provide for optimum utilization of a dietary and/or therapeutic supplement agent when taken orally with food or a beverage.

Abstract: A method for treating a wound, and a dressing for wound care management comprising a three-dimensional body of glass-based fibers comprising one or more glass-formers selected from the group consisting of P2O5, SiO2, and B2O3; at least about 25 wt % of the fibers have a diameter between about 200 nm and about 4000 nm, and a length:width aspect ratio of at least about 10. In another form, the glasses are in the form of particles in an ointment or cream applied to a wound. In yet other forms the glasses are employed as fibers formed into sutures for closing a wound, or as particles in a surgical glue for closing a wound.

Abstract: A solid composition is provided herein comprising at least one hypothiocyanite salt (OSCN—) of a cation in an amorphous and/or crystalline powder form. Also provided herein are methods of making the composition and methods of treating various conditions, such as airborne infection, lower respiratory tract infection or upper respiratory tract infection.

Abstract: An improved dietary and/or therapeutic supplement composition comprising a quantity of a dietary and/or therapeutic supplement agent having a pH that upon ingestion with food or a beverage would limit the effectiveness of the agent and a sufficient amount of an alkaline electrolyte additive is provided in combination with the agent to raise the pH of the composition to a level of from about 8 to about 12.5 to increase the effectiveness and functional utilization of the agent while the composition is in the person's stomach. The supplement composition is designed to provide for optimum utilization of a dietary and/or therapeutic supplement agent when taken orally with food or a beverage.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of surface active proteins, especially class I and class II hydrophobins, in topically applied pharmaceutical formulations. The invention is particularly directed to topically applied pharmaceutical products for enhancing the penetration to achieve a transungual delivery of a prophylactically and/or therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient (drug) to a patient (including animals and humans) into and/or through a nail, of the animal or human body, in order to treat one or more of a variety of diseases or disorders. Related embodiments of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: Hydroxycitric acid compositions which comprise approximately 14 to 26% by weight of calcium, and approximately 24 to 40% by weight of potassium or approximately 14 to 24% by weight of sodium, or a mixture thereof, each calculated as a percentage of the total hydroxycitric acid content of the composition, together with dietary supplements and food products containing such compositions and methods for utilizing such compositions, dietary supplements and food products to reduce body weight in mammals are disclosed.

Abstract: A new prophylactic mixture is prepared for the effective decorporation of *Cs, *Sr, *I from affected subjects in the event of an accidental release of the radioisotopes in the environment due to any nuclear accident. The prophylactic mixture comprising: 1) Calcium Potassium Ferrocyanide [CaK2Fe(CN)6] 2) Calcium Iodate, and 3) Calcium Carbonate, can be formulated in the form of a single tablet, capsule or suspension for easy administration to the radiation affected subjects in cases of emergency or nuclear fallout. Also claimed are the compound calcium potassium ferrocyanide (CaK2Fe(CN)6) and the use thereof for decorporation of *Cs in subjects affected by nuclear radiation.

Abstract: Hydroxycitric acid compositions which comprise approximately 14 to 26% by weight of calcium, and approximately 24 to 40% by weight of potassium or approximately 14 to 24% by weight of sodium, or a mixture thereof, each calculated as a percentage of the total hydroxycitric acid content of the composition, together with dietary supplements and food products containing such compositions and methods for utilizing such compositions, dietary supplements and food products to reduce body weight in mammals are disclosed.

Abstract: Hydroxycitric acid compositions which comprise approximately 14 to 26% by weight of calcium, and approximately 24 to 40% by weight of potassium or approximately 14 to 24% by weight of sodium, or a mixture thereof, each calculated as a percentage of the total hydroxycitric acid content of the composition, together with dietary supplements and food products containing such compositions and methods for utilizing such compositions, dietary supplements and food products to reduce body weight in mammals are disclosed.

Abstract: A benzamide derivative, especially amisulpride, is used to prevent or treat bipolar depression of a patient suffering from bipolar disorder I or bipolar disorder II.

Abstract: The composition set forth provides for the treatment of bone loss and osteoporosis. The formulation combines Vitamin D; Calcium Citrate Malate; Potassium Citrate; Magnesium; Boron and Vitamin K. Each component has an effect on its own combined with a synergistic effect with the other components.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the identification of a human autism susceptibility gene, which can be used for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of autism and related disorders, as well as for the screening of therapeutically active drugs. The invention more specifically discloses that the PRKCB1 gene of chromosome 16 and certain alleles thereof are related to susceptibility to autism and represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention. The present invention relates to particular mutations in the PRKCB1 gene and expression products, as well as to diagnostic tools and kits based on these mutations.

Abstract: A patient with a disease associated with a receptor having a cysteine residue is treated with a thiol reactive agent. The diseases include neurodegenerative diseases. Diseases characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy are also treated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable pharmaceutical formulation comprising an intimate admixture or admixture of crystalline or amorphous atorvastatin calcium, and a stabilizing-effective amount of a water-insoluble alkaline excipient or a combination of one or more water-insoluble alkaline excipients thereof, a stabilizing-effective amount of an antioxidant or a combination of one or more antioxidants thereof, and at least one or more additional pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipients or carriers, and a method for the preparation of the said formulation by wet and dry granulation. The invention further relates to a stabilized intimate admixture of atorvastatin calcium, a water-insoluble alkaline excipient and an antioxidant and a method for the preparation of the said intimate admixture by co-precipitation and co-milling.

Abstract: Use of potassium for the production of a cardioplegic solution for the prevention of stone heart development during acute cardiac ventricular fibrillation in connection with cardiopulmonary resuscitation is described, as well as a cardioplegic solution comprising potassium and a method for the prevention of stone heart developement during acute cardiac ventricular fibrillation in connection with cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Abstract: A method and composition for the restoration and maintenance of gingival and periodontal health are provided. The composition includes a potassium as an essential ingredient, which acts as an anti-bacterial agent. In some embodiments, the compositions include an osmotic agent other than potassium.

Abstract: The is invention is directed to a composition useful for assisting in supplying a warm-blooded animal with many of its nutritional needs. More specifically, this invention is directed to a composition whereby many of the vitamins, minerals, amino acids and cofactors are suspended in a matrix which when administered to a mammal provides substantial benefit.

Abstract: A method of identifying inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 is provided. The method comprises providing a mixture comprising GSK-3, a phosphate source, and a GSK-3 substrate, incubating the mixture in the presence or absence of a test compound, and assessing the activity of GSK-3 in the mixture. A reduction of GSK-3 activity following incubation of the mixture in the presence of the test compound is an indication that the test compound is an inhibitor of GSK-3.

Abstract: This invention provides an immunoenhancement or immune-potentiation therapy comprising administration of potassium, insulin, glucose and, optionally, thyroid, a cholinergic agent and bicarbonate. Therapeutic compositions comprising the above components in appropriate dosages are also provided.

Abstract: A method for alleviating the symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection in humans employs the application of a composition containing, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of a potassium salt such as one or more of potassium acetate, potassium aluminate, potassium arsenite solution, potassium bicarbonate, potassium bisulfate, potassium bitartarate, potassium bromide, potassium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium glycerophosphate, potassium iodate, potassium iodide, potassium manganate, potassium permanganate, potassium phosphate monobasic, potassium phosphate dibasic, potassium phosphate tribasic and potassium phosphite.

Abstract: The invention relates to an agent for the prophylaxis and/or therapy of conditions associated with a disorder of bone formation. It contains alkali metal citrates and/or alkali metal lactates and/or alkali metal malates, optionally together with one or more active substances selected from vitamin K, calcium salts and vitamin D. The agent preferably contains potassium citrates and/or sodium citrates or potassium lactates and/or sodium lactates and serves for the prophylaxis and/or therapy of osteoclasis, in particular osteoporosis or osteomalacia.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which is useful in alleviating, at least in part, symptoms of acne vulgaris, psoriasis or seborrhea, which includes a potassium-based compound a dermatologically acceptable base for the potassium-based compound, which is preferably a potassium salt, and which include potassium acetate, potassium aluminate, potassium arsenite solution, potassium bicarbonate, potassium bisulfate potassium bitartararte, potassium bromide, potassium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium glycerophosphate, potasium iodate, potassium iodide, potassium manganate, potassium permanganate, potassium phosphate monobasic potassium phosphate dibasic, potassium phosphate tribasic, potassium phosphite or a combination thereof. The composition is topically applied to the areas of a patient's skin which are afflicted with any of acne vulgaris, psoriasis or seborrhea.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition and method for reducing molecular defects in metastable tissue systems. Molecular defects represent spaces or vacancies in the structural order of the metastable system. The effect of molecular defects can be minimized such that the pre-defect order is preserved through the use of structure makers. These structure makers will then occupy the space or vacancy of the molecular defect, preserving the pre-defect order of the system. Lithium ions are a preferred structure maker.

Abstract: An oral rehydration solution contains indigestible oligosaccharides. Diarrhea related dehydration requires fluid and electrolyte replacement. The primary etiology of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (also known as pseudomembranous colitis) has been recognized as Clostridium difficile. It is believed that the indigenous microflora of a healthy individual suppresses the normally present C. difficile. However, when the indigenous microflora are disrupted (e.g., during antibiotic treatment) overgrowth of C. difficile may occur causing diarrhea and colitis. Treatment of diarrhea related to C. difficile with rehydration therapy and antibiotics has proven effective, but many times relapse occurs. It has been suggested that normalization of the microflora will inhibit C. difficile relapse. Indigestible oligosaccharides have been shown to inhibit C. difficile infection.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition and method for reducing structural defects in metastable systems. Structural defects represent spaces or vacancies in the structural order of the metastable system, which can be restored to the predefect order through the use of structure makers. These structure makers will then occupy the space or vacancy of the defect, restoring the order of the system. Lithium ions are used as a preferred structure maker to reduce the structural defects that lead to cataract in a human lens.