Abstract: The phases present in a shear sensitive soap-containing formulation are controlled and may be changed by passing the formulation through shear zones formed by mutually displaceable surfaces. The shear zones are formed within the formulation by entraining it in the surfaces during passage between the surfaces.

Abstract: The mush and/or lather properties of soap-containing material including free fatty acids can be improved by subjecting the material to working. The material is passed through the shear zone(s) formed between two mutually displaceable surfaces between which the material passes.

Abstract: Pigment dispersion is manufactured by continuously flushing pigment press-cake. First and second troughs supply hydrophobic liquid organic media and the pigment wet-cake respectively at a constant rate to a twin screw co-rotating extruder having a L/D (length/diameter) value of 25 or more. The twin screw co-rotating extruder includes a feeding part where the hydrophobic liquid organic media and the pigment wet-cake are fed from the first and second troughs, a flushing part for flushing the pigment particles from water phase to form an organic medium phase, and a dehydrating part for removing water from the flushed mixture. The hydrophobic liquid organic media and the pigment wet-cake are fed to the twin screw co-rotating extruder, and the pigment press-cake is flushed and dehydrated continuously in the extruder to obtain the pigment dispersion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing a substantially uniform thermoplastic foam extruded from an extruder, the molten thermoplastic resin having uniformly distributed therein a foaming agent. A cooling-mixer continuously receives the extruded mass of resin and foaming agent from the extruder and intimately mixes and substantially cools the mass. A substantially adiabatic zigzag mixer is connected to the cooling-mixer and divides the mass into a plurality of separate streams which are at least partially separated and recombined. A die is connected to the zigzag mixer and extrudes the uniformly cooled mass into a lower pressure zone to produce a substantially uniform thermoplastic foam.

Abstract: A helically moving fluid body leaving an extruder screw and brought into contact with rotating shearing means, undergoes laminar displacement, is then guided through a stationary sleeve along undulating linear paths of travel of relatively short axial length, and thereafter undergoes further laminar displacement and discharges into a die.During movement of the fluid mixture along the undulating linear paths of travel subdivision and blending of substantially all of the material in the fluid body, which is not in a fluid state, takes place. Thereupon the blended mixture is advanced to a die member at a desired fluidity and temperature in response to die requirements. Heating of the barrel is significantly reduced and energy conservation of an appreciable nature is achieved.In carrying out mixing as noted above there is employed a modular mixing apparatus constructed with multiple processing means suitable for shearing, kneading, flow diverting, dispersing, blending and the like.

Abstract: An extruder mixer for the extrusion of molten plastics and rubbers. The apparatus comprises a hollow cylindrical stator member and a cylindrical rotor member rotatable within the stator. The facing cylindrical surfaces carry rows of hemispherical cavities extending peripherally around the members so that the rows of one member are axially offset from rows of the other member whereby there is an axial overlap of the cavities and rotor. The cavities in adjacent rows on the rotor and stator are also circumferentially offset.

Abstract: Method for the preparation of rigid polyvinyl chloride foams with a density of below 200 kg/m.sup.3, in which method rigid polyvinyl chloride which is provided with a melt-flow improver is foamed with a physical blowing agent via an extruder, in which method in a first step, rigid polyvinyl chloride, together with and preferably mixed with 0.1-15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride of a melt-flow improver is fed to an extruder and extruded therewith to form a granulate, this granulate is subsequently impregnated, in a second step, with a physical blowing agent and finally, in a third step, the impregnated granulate is fed, to a foaming extruder in which the granulate is extruded while it passes through a temperature profile in which process the rigid polyvinyl is foamed.

Abstract: Particulate absorbents of a water-insoluble water-swellable polymer having a gel capacity of at least 10 are immobilized with a composition comprising the absorbent in a liquid polyhydroxy organic compound. The composition may be employed by applying to an appropriate surface and subjecting the liquid film to solidifying conditions. The solidified film product has high absorptive capacity and is free of undesirable movement when positioned in absorbent articles. A foam product having both absorptive and cushioning properties is prepared from a solid, particulate, water-insoluble, water-swellable polymer having a gel capacity of at least 10, a solid, particulate blowing agent, and a liquid polyhydroxy organic compound.

Abstract: Cellular thermoplastic resin is made by the method and extrusion apparatus that is characterized by a compaction section where the resin is densified, a choke section where a barrier of the densified resin is formed that is substantially impervious to a gaseous blowing agent, and a mixing section where the particulate resin is mixed with a blowing agent and then melted before being extruded into a zone of lower pressure whereby the blowing agent expands to form the cellular product. By mixing the blowing agent with a solid rather than a molten resin, the resulting mixture can be melted at a substantially lower temperature.

Abstract: A process is described for improving the rate of production, other conditions being equal, of extruded polymer products, containing foaming- and/or cross-linking agents, which particularly resides in using a "melting torpedo" rotatable element in the melting section of the extrusion apparatus.

Abstract: Cellular chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin is made in an extruder that is characterized by a combination of multiple flights and a plurality of open slots in the mixing section to facilitate mixing of the resin and a blowing agent whereby a rigid thermoplastic cellular product of low density is made that has a predominantly closed cell structure.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying a reactant gas to an extrudable polymer, as, for example, a carbonate resin having the phenolic hydrogen end atoms replaced by stress corrodant preventive groups which are halohydrocarbon groups or a silane groups or the hydrogen end atoms replaced by a capping group having fluorescent properties to provide ultraviolet light and stress corrosive protection.

Abstract: The apparatus has an extruding means and a spreader means whereby a continuous dough sheet is formed. To preserve the "softness" within the dough and the finished cooked product the extruding means has a double feed screw housing preferably disposed side-by-side and having their outlets joined by a Y-type fitting to form a single feed conduit which is coupled to a spreader means having a downwardly distending outwardly flaring passageway. To prevent dough from sticking to the surfaces of the passageway the opposing triangular shaped surfaces are each provided with a plurality of parallel grooves oriented at an angle to the dough path travel. To ensure no separation of dough when in the sheet form, the feed conduit is provided with a twister or helical thin member which ensures the interface surface within the dough is oriented at an angle of less than 90 degrees with the elongated cross-section the spreader means.

Abstract: A method of forming a foam-skin insulation on telephone wires, wherein a homogenuous flow of basic plastic is divided into two separate flows one of which is subjected to mixing with a foam agent while the other, intended to form an outer layer of solid plastic, is bypassed directly to an extruder tool. The apparatus used for the method comprises one single extruder, the extruder head whereof is provided with a flow dividing piece guiding one flow past foam injecting nozzles and the other flow through a separate branch channel to the extruder tool.

Abstract: The invention concerns an extruder head for regulating the temperature of a flow of molten plastic containing a foaming agent. In the flow passage of the extruder head is arranged a mixer which is inductively heated and transfers heat to the plastic flow thereby regulating the temperature thereof during the passage through the extruder head.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing tubular sheet material by extruding a fluid polymer material through a hollow centered die having an annular extending continuous or discontinuous extrusion orifice exit rotated about the die axis to discharge therefrom a continuous or discontinuous annular-form polymer structure which is collected on a generally cylindrical supported surface advancing through the hollow center of said die. The collected structure undergoes attenuation at an angle to the general extrusion direction because of the die exit rotation and consequently, has a grain therein extending at a significant angle, e.g. helically, to the general extrusion direction. The collecting surface may be formed separately from the support, e.g. by one or more endless belts passing either longitudinally or helical around the support so as to collectively define a cylindrical surface in the collection zone or combined with the support, e.g.

Abstract: This invention is a chemical applicator apparatus normally secured to an auger conveyor to discharge a controlled amount of chemical or other substance to the material being conveyed into a storage bin to prevent insect damage. The chemical applicator apparatus includes (1) a main housing means to hold the chemical or other substance therein; (2) a main drive means secured to the main housing means; and (3) an actuator and discharge means connected to and operated by the main drive means. The actuator and discharge means includes (1) an actuator assembly to agitate and compact a portion of the chemical or other substance contained therein; (2) a sprocket and chain assembly driven by the main drive means adapted to receive and convey the compacted portion of the chemical or other substance to a discharge area for positive injection into the auger or other type conveyor.

Abstract: A method and device for filling containers with evaporated radioactive waste concentrates that are mixed with bitumen and from which the water has been expelled by creation of temperatures above the boiling point of water, in which the temperature of the waste mixture is substantially reduced below the water expelling temperature immediately before loading the mixture into the containers.

Abstract: An extruder for thermoplastics having a directly motor-driven high-speed feed screw which mechanically force-feeds raw plastic pellets, pushing them forward under high pressure into a heat-transfer zone for melting, and finally through a static mixer, to deliver a pressurized homogeneous melt to an extrusion die. Melt pressurization results entirely from the mechanical force-feeding action of the screw rather than through the viscous shear action found in conventional screw extruders.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for the extrusion of a thermoplastic material in modified form in which the thermoplastic material is introduced into the barrel of a screw extruder, and is heated and forced through the barrel: the material is passed through valve means which together with the temperature of the material is effective to produce a melt transition in the material at a predetermined point and to thoroughly mix the material; subsequently, the material is forced into a low pressure zone in the barrel where a modifying agent is introduced into the material; the resultant mass is forced out of the low pressure zone, and is passed through a mixing means effective to intensify the dispersion of the modifying agent in the mass, the mass is extruded and the extruded material collected.

Abstract: An extruder for working rubber and other elastomeric compounds having an extruder screw with a feed section, metering section and a transition section. The transition section has a plurality of working sections in succession with each section having a pair of helical flights defining a pair of primary channels. One of such helical flights has a flight that leads off to define a secondary channel for leading off the portion of the compound subjected to a shearing action from the primary channels. The primary channels decrease in volume while their axial width remains the same. The secondary channel increases in axial width and depth to accommodate the worked rubber compound.

Abstract: An extruder machine for processing thermoplastic materials such as low density polyethylene, the extruder incorporating a body having a bore therethrough with a rotor or screw journalled therein. The rotor has several successive mixing and pumping sections. The mixing sections on the rotor are multiple flighted defining primary and secondary channels having their discharge and entrances respectively blocked or restricted by annular dam arrangements. The rotor includes a plurality of adjustable dams, arranged across the channels, permitting a variation in the degree of homogenization which may be performed upon the extrudite. The dams may be radially displaceable to vary the distance between the radially outer surface of the dam and the surface of the bore.

Abstract: A glide-casting machine for the manufacturing of hollow concrete elements. The machine is movable in relation to a casting base and comprises means for feeding concrete mix onto a number of screw feeders with vibrator sleeves constituting extension of each screw feeder. In addition, the machine comprises external vibrating means. In connection with each screw feeder there are provided on one hand, two guide plates parallel to the axis of the screw feeder, which guide plates follow the shape of the screw feeders in the bottom portion of the screw feeders. Between the guide plates there is an elongated space parallel to the axis of the screw feeder so as to allow concrete mix to fall straight onto the base on a substantial portion of the length of the screw feeder. On the other hand there are provided flow plates which follow the shape of the outermost screw feeders from above and from the sides.

Abstract: Fittings for reducing cracking in soap bars including protrusions on the end flight on the worm or auger of a soap plodder to break up the glazed layer of soap formed by the wiping action of the end flight on the soap as it is discharged. The plodder is provided with a cone nozzle and fittings are provided for eliminating the spiral movement of the soap mass and forming a laminated bar by extrusion through aligned slots. The concept of the invention also includes the elimination of the central or the spongy mass of soap and the formation of a harder grain structure for the soap.

Abstract: A screw extruder for processing rubber or plastics material, comprising a cylinder jacket with a feed hopper, a central geared shaft and geared planet shafts disposed between the central shaft and the cylinder jacket and drivably engaged with the central shaft and the cylinder jacket, wherein parts of at least some of the planet shafts are bare of gearing.Advantageously each alternate planet shaft is only partly geared, the gearing extending for only approximately half the length of the shaft, at one end or the other end or in two quarter length portions at the opposite ends. Alternatively each third planet shaft is only partly geared.Preferably each geared part of a planet shaft which is only partly geared overlaps with a geared part of the planet shaft which follows it in the direction of rotation.

Abstract: An apparatus for the extrusion of thermofusible materials which are applied while being heated comprises a prefusion and feeding chamber, a heating element for the prefusion and feeding chamber, a shaft capable of rotation at the base of the chamber, the shaft while in rotation mixing the thermofusible material and an extruder comprising an extrusion screw axially connected to said shaft. The extrusion screw is located in a cylindrical tubular structure which is provided with an exit for the thermofusible material. Preferably the shaft is located at a predetermined distance from the bottom wall of the prefusion chamber whereby a passageway is formed between the bottom wall and the shaft, the chamber and the shaft being so dimensioned that the shaft during rotation forces the entire mass of thermofusible material through the passageway.

Abstract: An improved screw-type extruder intended to increase the output obtainable from a machine of certain dimensions while maintaining a satisfactory quality of the material extruded. This result is obtained by providing in the homogenization zone a thread crossed by a multitude of narrow passages, and in the feed zone means for overfeeding the plasticizing zone. These overfeeding means may, for example, consist in providing in this zone a cylinder grooved longitudinally or spirally or a double-screw section producing a forced pushing of the material toward the plasticizing zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying adhesive to fibrous material in which a generally horizontal cylindrical member is provided having an inlet in the top near one end and an outlet in the bottom near the other end. A shaft is rotatable on the axis of the cylindrical member and has radially extending tools thereon angularly spaced from one another and disposed in a substantially helical path along the shaft. The tools nearest the inlet have a passage means therein through which adhesive is supplied to fibrous material introduced into the inlet while the others of the tools admix the adhesive with the fibrous material.

Abstract: A plasticizing device for an injection molding machine for plastics comprises a screw housing having a cylindrical plastic material chamber at one end having a discharge opening. A cylindrical screw is rotatably and axially displaceably mounted in the housing and has a screw head portion adjacent the discharge with an intermediate body portion of reduced diameter adjacent the head portion and a uniform diameter portion on the opposite side of the intermediate portion from the head portion. The uniform diameter portion carries a spiral screw thread which projects radially outwardly from the surface of the screw. A seal ring having an outer periphery engaged with the interior of said screw housing and having an interior diameter greater than and spaced radially outwardly from the intermediate portion of the screw defines a plasticizing material passage with the intermediate portion which connects through a passage defined between a seal washer on the screw which cooperates with the seal ring.

Abstract: The screw for an extruder for working plastic material and rubber comprises along its length several zones with different numbers of threads or webs. In at least one portion of its length, the screw has a plurality of single thread zones alternating with two-thread zones. In each of the two-thread zones there are two webs which are diametrically disposed and extend parallel to the axis of the screw. These axially extending webs have inclined or wedge shaped flanks so that a wedge shaped aperture is formed between the cylinder wall of the extruder and the wedge shaped flanks of the axially extending webs. One web of the two-thread zone joins the web of the preceding single thread zone and the other web of the two-thread zone joins the web of the following single thread zone at the points where the axially extending webs meet the webs of the two-thread zone.

Abstract: Soap worked in a plodder with introduction of a color dye for color striation of the extruded column is extruded through a die plate that has a rectangular opening corresponding to the major face dimensions (length and width) of the product bar so that the extrusion grain is perpendicular to the major faces, and the extruded column is severed at distances equal to the product bar thickness to provide blanks that are pressed in a direction parallel to the extrusion grain to form the product bar. Special locations for color introduction are provided and a unique "carrara" marble effect is produced in the bar.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the extrusion of temperature sensitive thermoplastics to form structural rib-free semi-finished products in contra-rotating driven screws.

Abstract: An energy saving and material conserving apparatus is provided for expanding and molding expandable thermoplastic polymer particles. Especially significant is the ability to produce molded objects of generally uniform density in the higher density range in the order of 4 - 15 pounds per square inch, or greater, as well as lower density molded objects due to improved control of the particle expansion.The particles are partially expanded in a vessel in a heated substantially dry atmosphere and agitated in a manner to provide uniform heating thereof. After an initial heating period to soften and partially expand the particles they are subjected to superatmospheric pressure to substantially prevent further expansion and are discharged and conveyed to a mold for further expansion therein.

Abstract: A kneading and extruding apparatus for extrudable material such as soap material and its additives, comprising a perforated rotating disc at an output end of a kneading screw shaft, a perforated stationary disc adjacent to the rotating disc to form a clearance therebetween, a punching plate fixed to the stationary disc confronting the rotating disc and formed with a great number of small holes having a diameter smaller than those of the holes of the rotating and stationary discs, and a blade-like cutter for serving the material extruded through the holes of the stationary disc. The material is sheared in the clearance between the rotating disc and the punching plate to blend the material and the additives effectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing concrete panels with surface decoration patterns thereon said surface decoration patterns being formed by finishing material containing color cement or pigments or other coloring materials. The apparatus comprises a mortar hopper having a mortar outlet opening and a mortar shoot extending downward from beneath the outlet opening of the hopper. A molding surface is positioned below the mortar shoot and the mortar shoot extends to the molding surface. Color mortar containers are disposed above the mortar shoot to discharge color mortar materials contained therein. A mixing means incompletely mixes the mortar with the color mortar materials on the mortar shoot, a mixed mortar inverting descent guide plate is connected to the lower end of the mortar shoot and a vibrator is attached to the mortar shoot.

Abstract: A machine is provided for forming hollow cored concrete slabs in which the hollow core may be produced with shapes other than circular in cross section. The machine may produce a noncircular cross sectioned core by utilizing a novel auger assembly construction which employs an open spiral auger, in the form of a corkscrew, which is supported by an initial core forming member which constitutes a surface of revolution and which conforms substantially to the internal surface of the spiral auger member so as to permit the auger to move over the surface thereof and thus continuously wipe clean the surface and prevent any build up on the initial core forming member. The rotating auger is utilized to compress and form concrete material firstly over the initial core forming member and secondly over the final trowel member, in a manner such that the final slab product will have a core with a cross sectional shape approximating that of the final trowel member.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for making composition board having a planar surface and legs by an extrusion process from its constituent materials wherein there is provided an improved agitation mechanism for insuring the uniform dispersion of constituent material in the legs of the mold. The improved mechanism includes a plurality of pairs of agitation fingers, each pair adapted to oscillate in opposite directions about the same axis. Separate rack and pinion arrangements control the oscillation of respective fingers of the pairs. A pair of hydraulic cylinders controls the movement of the racks, the pinions being coupled to the fingers. The hydraulic cylinders are arranged in a control circuit, the operation of which is timed by a flywheel on the extrusion apparatus. The improved mechanism includes means for adjusting the timing of the finger oscillation relative to movement of a piston driven by the flywheel for optimum operation. Density of the legs of the board is controlled by controlling the timing.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying glue to chips, fibers and the like of wood, bagasse and other cellulose containing substances, which comprises a substantially cylindrical mixing chamber in which a shaft rotates equipped with radially extending mixing and/or glue applying tools. These tools immerse with their head region partly into a ring of chip material rotating at a relatively high speed. The glue applying tools comprises a glue conveying passage which in the lower region of the glue applying tools communicates with a glue feeding conduit associated with the driving shaft and in its upper region has a glue exit opening. The upper section of the glue applying tool has a glue discharge passage extending in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the glue applying tool. The end region of the glue discharge passage has at least one glue discharge opening.

Abstract: An apparatus for metering and mixing dry particulate additive with a dry particulate plastic material prior to heating the mixture and molding or injecting the same to form a finished article. The apparatus includes a vertically disposed feed throat tube through which the plastic material is adapted to be fed downwardly into the processing machine. A horizontally directed tubular member extends into the feed throat tube for delivering the additive, the tubular member including vertically aligned upper and lower openings and an open forward end positioned within the feed throat tube. By this arrangement, a portion of the plastic material enters the tubular member through the upper opening and is mixed with the additive therein, and the mixture falls through the lower opening and the open forward end of the tubular member.

Abstract: A two-stage single screw apparatus and process for the extrusion of plastic resins, the first stage positively advancing the resinous material while in a highly viscous state with minimum blow-back and the second stage, through the use of a screw having multiple lead threads with a high pitch adapted to allow substantial blow-back to provide mixing and ultimate discharge of the resin through die means, providing precise metering and discharge of the molten resin through the die over a wide variation of die pressures.