Abstract: A low calorie, low carbohydrate beer is produced by carrying out a separate mashing of malt at temperatures which substantially inactivate microorganisms without deactivating enzymes of the malt and adding this mash to wort in a primary and/or secondary fermentor to produce a final beer having a reduced carbohydrate and calorie content.

Abstract: Wine is champagnized by a continuous-flow process wherein a stream of champagne wine-stock, saccharose and yeast cells is continuously passed for secondary fermentation at a temperature up to 15.degree. C. through a yeast mass accumulated by separation of yeast from the stream. During secondary fermentation the wine is enriched with biologically active substances from autolyzed yeast and is freed of yeast cells while the yeast mass increases in concentration to 5-10 billion cells per ml. Completely champagnized wine stock substantially free of yeast cells is obtained in about 17 days. The process enables intensification of champagnization by 5 to 6 times due to the use of yeast exceeding by 10-15 times the concentrations usually employed. The process can be continued for a time period of 2-3 years without stopping the process to recharge.

Abstract: Most beers brewed with the addition of cysteine proteases, such as papain, ficin or bromelain, for the purpose of chillproofing develop a tendency to gush or foam excessively after being stored in bottles and cans for 1 to 3 months. This gushing tendency is obviated by adding during the beer manufacturing process a special kind of acid protease whose proteolytic activity is specifically inhibited by the pepsin inhibitor S-PI from Streptomyces naniwaensis.

Abstract: Alcohol or an alcoholic beverage is produced by a process wherein a mash of cereal grains and liquefying enzymes is cooked at a temperature of from 75.degree. C to 85.degree. C which is lower than the temperature of maximum viscosity for the mash and which is higher than the sterilization temperature of undesirable microorganisms in the mash which grow during fermentation with yeast. After cooking, the mash is cooled, saccharifying enzymes are added, the resultant mash is fermented with yeast to produce alcohol and the alcohol is distilled.

Abstract: A non-distilled beer-type beverage is produced from a wort prepared from hydrolyzed starch that is fortified with a protein hydrolyzate, a source of ammonium ions and potassium phosphate.

Abstract: A method of production and recovery of protein from food wastes according to which a medium composed of various combined food wastes and containing both a protein source (such as collagen) and a carbohydrate source (such as starch) is modified by the action of selected microbial species (such as Bacillus subtilis). The resulting Bacillus-modified enriched liquid medium permits the growth of more fastidious organisms (such as Lactobacillus acidophilus) that are acceptable as a single cell protein source. As an alternative and prior to the introduction of the Lactobacillus, the modified medium may be fortified by the addition of other food wastes, (such as cheese whey or spent brewer's yeast cells). The final recovery of protein from the fastidious organisms may be accomplished by any one of the established methods of protein or food recovery and/or isolation.

Abstract: Production of fermented liquids such as beer is continuously carried out under sterile conditions by flash sterilizing a mixture of wort and bitter substances by direct steam injection, boiling the mixture to complete transformation of bitter substances incorporated in the wort, decanting a precipitate formed in the wort under aeration of the wort by sterile air or oxygen, fermenting the wort by bringing the wort under sterile conditions into contact with yeast immobilized on an inert support, storing the fermented wort in the presence of yeast under sterile conditions and passing the fermented wort under sterile conditions into contact with a protease fixed on a support.

Abstract: Grain alcohol is produced from a mash of high cereal grain content by cooking a dispersion of cereal grains in water at a temperature of about 300.degree. to 350.degree. F under a pressure of about 50-120 psig, converting the cooked mash with a glucoamylase ferment produced by A. awamori NRRL 3112 and fermenting the converted mash with yeast to produce grain alcohol. The glucoamylase ferment is preferably produced by propagation of A. awamori NRRL 3112 on a mash of cereal grains dispersed in water which has been cooked at the same pressure and temperature used for cooking of the mash when producing grain alcohol.