Abstract: A ready-for-use refrigerated or frozen dough that is prepared from flour, a leavening agent, fat; has no greater than 0.5 weight percent sugar or sugar substitute; and preferably includes one or more toppings, fillings, or both. The dough has a surface that includes grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof which define pieces of the dough to be separated into individual bakery products. The grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof each have a depth of about 3% to about 95% of the thickness of the dough. The dough is in the form of a sheet or a parallelepipedal, cylinder, prismatic block or polygon having a thickness of from about 0.5 to 5 cm.

Abstract: A fully baked, soft, breadstick product is provided having a water activity in the range of about 0.9 to 0.95. The breadstick product is ideally suited for use in a refrigerated, ready-to-eat kit. The breadstick products are of a convenient size and shape with perforations to allow the breadstick product to be separated into individual breadsticks. The breadstick product is especially adapted as a single serving or snack food product. Also provided is a kit containing the breadstick product with one or more additional food items. Such additional food items include, for example, cheese, cheese products, cheese sauces, tomato sauces, cream cheese, butter, margarine, jam, jelly, honey, peanut butter, olive oil, salad ingredients, salad dressings, and the like. Preferably, each component item is in a separate container sealed from the other food items to substantially retard or prevent flavor, moisture, and microbial migration from one food item to another.

Abstract: A scoopable dough can be used to prepare cut biscuits, drop biscuits, dumplings, flat bread, crackers, pizza dough, doughnuts, fritters, hushpuppies, muffins, pastry crusts, coffee cake, quick bread, scones, cobbler-type crust, and the like. A scoopable dough has desirable viscoelastic properties and is shelf stable without being stored in a container that is deoxygenated and/or hermetically sealed at freezing and refrigeration temperatures. A scoopable dough includes flour, a protein supplement, a shortening, a humectant, a leavening system having at, least portion of the leavening system encapsulated, and water. The flour and water can be in a flour-to-water ratio of between about 2:1 and about 1:1. A scoopable dough can also include a texture-modifying agent, an emulsifier, a hydrocolloid, a dough-developing agent, a nutritional supplement, a flavoring, a shelf-life stabilizer, an organic acid, and/or a binder of metal ions.

Abstract: A method of making a bread product comprising formulating and mixing a bread dough having flour as a major ingredient, and having the following additional ingredients, where percentages are based on the flour weight: Ingredients % Salt ?1.8-2.3 Yeast 3.0; 2.5-4.5 Sweetener ?0.3-2.0 Gluten ?0.5-4.0 L-Cysteine ??10-100 PPM Water ??50-65 Oxidant ?0.1-0.5 Enzymes 0.01-0.5 Gum 0.01-0.5 pre-forming the dough into open molds shaped suitably for the bread product; pre-proofing the dough for less than 30 minutes in at least 70% relative humidity at a temperature in the range of 80° F. to 100° F.; freezing the pre-proofed dough to a temperature below 0° C.; partially defrosting the dough for a period of time of 60 minutes or less; and placing the partially defrosted dough in a pre-heated oven at a temperature of about 170° C. to 180° C. to produce the bread product in less than 3 hours.

Abstract: Methods for making an uncooked extruded dough product are provided, comprising extruding a dough composition of pre-gelatinized starch comprising at least about 75 percent of amylopectin, flour, leavening agent and water through a die under conditions so that the dough composition does not exceed 140° F. throughout the extrusion process. The resulting dough product when cooked has a baked specific volume of greater than about 3.0 cc/g. Products of this process, including filled products, are also provided.

Abstract: A protective coating or film is applied to at least a portion of the outermost surfaces of the outermost layers of a farinaceous product including a high solid fat index lipid or hard butter to form an outer high solid fat index layer. Reheating the product in a toasting environment from a refrigerated or frozen state causes the high solid fat index layer to transfer heat into the interior of the food product by continuously melting and resolidifying in a controlled way to limit toasting while absorbing into the surface of the product at a rate limited by the high solid fat index. The film serves as a protective barrier which limits toasting (i.e., browning) in the toasting environment by conducting heat into the interior of the product and to prevent moisture escape from the product during refrigerated or frozen storage and during the reheating process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pizzas and pizza-type products preparation and delivery method. The present invention deals with a method for providing to consumer a freshly baked pizza-type food product using individually frozen ingredients, combining them and baking them in less than 5 minutes; the individually frozen ingredients and the pizza-type food product being respectively stored and baked in a mobile, compact and energetically autonomous baking-selling unit.

Abstract: A method of preparing a partially thermal treated dough intermediate which has reduced tendency to adhere to the processing apparatus is disclosed. The dough intermediate is thermal treated to create a temporary impermeable barrier on each of the layers of the intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a breadcrumb continuous processing line and process capable of producing multiple types of breadcrumbs, namely American style breadcrumbs, Japanese style breadcrumbs and cracker meal crumbs. Each type of bread crumbs has different characteristics including the thickness of the dough sheet the different baking requirements. The breadcrumb processing line, and the oven therein is capable of being adjusted to process of the bread dough sheet in the manner necessary to produce the type of breadcrumb desired at any given time on a single processing line.

Abstract: The leading edge of a sheet of dough product impacts an impacting feature and causes the leading edge to roll over onto itself thereby initiating a roll. Engagement enhancement is utilized to increased to increase the ability of the sheet of dough product to resist sliding upon impacting the impacting feature. This provides a tighter rolled dough product having a consistent size and shape. Thus, in accordance with one specific aspect of the present invention, rolled dough products for subsequent packaging into containers may be formed that have a repeatable size and shape. By providing rolled dough products having a repeatable size and shape a more efficient and economical process results. This is because the size and shape of the rolled dough product is controlled with respect to the size of the container.

Abstract: The frozen pie dough product according to the invention contains a cereal flour, water and a fat as the main components, has a multi-layer structure having voids, has a pie dough density of 1.01 g/cm3 or more and less than 1.085 g/cm3, and contains unreacted chemical leavening agents remaining therein. By baking the frozen pie dough product even in a short time in a high-power oven after freezing, it is possible to give a product which is in a stable and well-risen state with a layered texture, can be easily baked and has a crispy texture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a production line for bread blanks.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to acidified starch products having reduced acid flavors and microbiological stability, and to methods for making those products. In accordance with the invention, an acidified starch product is prepared by preparing a dough and contacting the dough with an effective amount of high intensity sweetener and food grade acid.

Abstract: A flexible mold made of silicone for confectionery, bread-making or the like, can be used in traditional ovens and microwave ovens. The tray has a stiffened edge preferably of metallic wire dipped in the silicone or of plastic or metallic frame structure, co-stamped or manually inserted into the edge. This improves handling, especially with liquid products, while keeping those flexibility features that make it easy to remove fragile contents from the oven and to deform and flatten it in order to store it in reduced space.

Abstract: A dough and a filling for making a toaster pastry and a method for making same. A method of forming the dough for the toaster pastry, comprises forming a blend of ingredients comprising wheat flour of from about 25 to about 44% by weight of ingredients for the dough, wheat farina of from about 13 to about 35% by weight of ingredients for the dough, shortening of from about 1.5 to about 2.5% by weight of ingredients for the dough, and water of from about 25 to about 35% by weight of ingredients for the dough; adding puff pastry shortening in the form of cubes such that the amount of puff pastry shortening is in the range of from about 5 to about 15% by weight of the ingredients for the pastry; and blending the ingredients such that a heterogeneous mixture of the cubes of shortening in the remainder of the ingredients is obtained.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a continuous process for the production of flour and dough using ground corn kernels where before grinding the hull and tip cap are removed from the corn kernels which ground corn produces an endosperm/germ flour. The endosperm/germ flour then is moisturized and cooked with direct and indirect heat to gelatinize about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the starch in the flour.

Abstract: A system and method for planning all of the operations in a kitchen on the basis of estimated sale data and actual sale outcome data (sale situation). The system and method provides workers with detailed instructions about each cooking operation, such as its starting and finishing time, so that fresh-cooked food product of a needed type may be supplied at a needed volume on an as needed basis through works as simple as possible by general workers of a minimum number in a simple fashion so as to satisfy the demand of customers or the demand for the product.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and moulding devices for moulding three-dimensional products from a mass of foodstuff which is suitable for human consumption, in particular from a mass of meat, in particular chicken. The method comprises filling a mould cavity with a portion of the mass under the influence of a filling pressure exerted on the mass and for a filling period via a filling opening associated with the mould cavity, closing the filling opening of the mould cavity and holding the mass in the mould cavity for a fixing period. Then, the mould cavity is opened and the moulded product is removed from the mould cavity. The method uses fixing-pressure-exerting means which are designed to exert a fixing pressure which acts on the mass in the mould cavity after the filled mould cavity has been closed.

Abstract: A scoopable dough can be used to prepare cut biscuits, drop biscuits, dumplings, flat bread, crackers, pizza dough, doughnuts, fritters, hushpuppies, muffins, pastry crusts, coffee cake, quick bread, scones, cobbler-type crust, and the like. A scoopable dough can be formed into various shapes and thereafter stored at temperatures suitable for freezing and at temperatures suitable for refrigeration that includes flour, water, a protein supplement, a shortening, a humectant, and a leavening system encapsulated, and the scoopable dough has desirable viscoelastic properties. The various shapes of the scoopable dough can be in the form of individual single-serve units of dough that can be placed in an oven and baked without an intermediate thawing or proofing step.

Abstract: A triple coextruded baked good having a bar shape with a desired substantially smaller height than width, is continuously produced with distinct, at least substantially uniform concentric fillings which are visually apparent at opposing cut ends of the baked piece. The bar-shaped products are preferably cookies with dissimilar fillings, such as a fruit filling and a cheese-cake filling. Undesirable excessive flow of a middle filling or layer towards the cross-sectional ends or sides rather than the top and bottom of the coextrudate is substantially reduced by obstructing and diverting the flow of the middle filling through the middle die orifice so that it flows towards the top and bottom elongated portions of the middle annulus. A baked product having a substantially even middle concentric layer which is desirably uniformly thick and continuous at least across the top and bottom is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fried texture-imparting glaze for a food intermediate useable in producing a finished food product. The glaze comprises an edible oil, and an anhydrous low-density maltodextrin. In use, glaze is used to at least partially coat the food intermediate. The present invention also relates to a method of imparting a fried surface texture to a food product comprising the steps coating at least a portion of a food intermediate with a glaze composed of an edible oil and an anhydrous low density maltodextrin, followed by the step of baking the food product. The invention also relates to a dough intermediate having a fried texture-imparting glaze coated on at least a portion of a surface of the food product.

Abstract: A grooved, pre-proofed, freezer-to-oven pizza crust dough. The dough includes a top surface for a pizza filling, and a bottom surface opposing the top surface and contacting a pizza pan. The bottom surface of the dough defines a plurality of grooves which provide the dough with a uniformly cooked surface upon baking the dough.

Abstract: A method and system for the reclamation and re-use of rework dough created in the process of forming a final good. Initially, the reworks are formed into a batter into which a catalyst is placed. Subsequently the batter is cooled and stored until it is added to a new batch of dough. Through this method and system there may be a nearly total re-use of rework dough.

Abstract: A dough shell mold for use with a dough press having lower and upper platens with opposed working surfaces. The shell mold has a hub integral with or secured to the lower platen and a ring resting on the lower platen with a hole that mates with the hub. The ring includes an annular groove adjacent to the ring perimeter for producing a raised rim on the shell. In a second embodiment, the ring may have an inner ring mating with the hub and an outer ring around the inner ring. The junction of the rings is the annular groove. Another aspect of the present invention is a notch in the shell mold surface between the mold perimeter and annular groove. A spatula is inserted through the notch between the dough and upper platen to put downward pressure on the dough in order to prevent the dough from shrinking after the upper platen is raised.

Abstract: A manually operated dough press comprising a frame with a base and a housing, an upper platen having a working surface, and a lower platen attached to the base and having a working surface opposed to, substantially parallel to, and spaced from the upper platen working surface. The upper platen is attached to the lower end of a shaft that extends from the housing and mounted for reciprocating motion. A pair of mated interlocking components, one attached to the shaft and one attached to the housing, provide stability for vertical reciprocation. The drive mechanism includes a rack on the shaft interlocking component, a mating pinion fixed to an axle that is part of a handle that an operator uses to raise and lower the upper platen. Counterbalance for the upper platen/shaft is provided by a torsion spring assembly.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a continuous process for the production of flour and dough using ground corn kernels where before grinding the hull and tip cap are removed from the corn kernels which ground corn produces an endosperm/germ flour. The endosperm/germ flour then is moisturized and cooked with direct and indirect heat to gelatinize about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the starch in the flour.

Abstract: A cooking control method and a cooking control system for a food extruder used for producing direct-puffed snacks includes a material supply mechanism, a hydration mechanism, a processing mechanism including an extruder, and a control computer. The control computer determines a specific power consumption value from the electric energy consumed by the extruder and the supplied amount of the dough material, at the time of producing snacks having excellent quality, to designate this value as a reference value, compares this reference value of the specific power consumption value with the actual specific power consumption value, and when the difference is small, controls the number of revolutions of the extruder, and when the difference is large, controls not only the number of revolutions of the extruder, but also the amount of water added and the feed amount of materials, to thereby stabilize the snack quality.

Abstract: A wafer half-shell is described which has a mouth delimited by at least one annular surface and one or more side walls, in which the mouth surface and the surfaces of the side wall have a substantially smooth surface finish. Preferably the outer surface of the side wall has a porous, continuous or discontinuous region which extends peripherally and is receded relative to the mouth surface of the half-shell, resulting from the cutting of a radial wall connected to the side wall of the half-shell in a receded position relative to the annular surface defining the mouth of the half-shell. The annular coupling surfaces of the complementary half-shells have preferably centering means which are complementary each other. The half-shell is useful particularly for the production of a food product comprising a pair of half-shells fitted together mouth to mouth and including a mass of liquid filling.

Abstract: The present invention includes a ready-to-use dough article that provides an expanded baked product, such as a roll, pizza dough or scone. The dough article comprises a substantially gas-impermeable container. The dough article also comprises a dough having a cellular network that is substantially free of an active leavening agent. The dough is disposed within the container. The dough article also comprises an inert gas that is disposed within the container.

Abstract: A process for making bread snacks with fillings of high water content is disclosed and the snacks have shelf lives at chilled or ambient temperatures of more than six weeks. Baked bread is used as raw material.

Abstract: A method and system for the reclamation and re-use of rework dough created in the process of forming a final good. Initially, the reworks are, formed into a batter into which a catalyst is placed. Subsequently the batter is cooled and stored until it is added to a new batch of dough. Through this method and system there may be a nearly total re-use of rework dough.

Abstract: A manufacturing system for the manufacture of an Ethiopian staple food referred to as Injera and sometimes Enjera, including an apparatus and a method or process. The system includes a depositing stage, a spreading stage, a flash heating stage, and one or more finishing stages. The one or more finishing stages may including baking, cooling or otherwise applying heat for a desired finishing result.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of puroindolines as additives in biscuit manufacture. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of puroindolines added to biscuit flour in order to increase the firmness of a biscuit.

Abstract: A merchandiser and method for displaying and warming previously baked dough products, such as cookies, under controlled drying conditions, including an enclosure having one or more wall members that define an interior space, with at least a portion of one of the wall members being transparent, an aperture for access into the interior space, at least one support surface for supporting one or more previously baked dough products that contain a predetermined average moisture level therein, and at least one mounting structure associated with the enclosure for mounting and positioning each support surface at a user accessible location in the interior space of the enclosure, and a heat source for providing heated air in the enclosure wherein the support surface contacts at least a portion of the previously baked products so that those portions are shielded from direct contact with the heated air such that the drying of moisture in the baked products is controlled to maintain the organoleptic and/or texture properti

Abstract: According to this method, the seeds previously cleaned and still having their germs are steeped in an aqueous medium (water or activated water with or without nutriments) in an amount of at least 0.6 liter per 1 kg of seeds until the acidity of the aqueous medium reaches 2 to 12 degrees and until the swelling rate of the seeds is characterized by their capacity, under compression, to flatten while loosing the undamaged germ. The aqueous medium where the seeds are steeped is drained and the seeds are ground in order to remove the liquid fraction which is not related to the humid seed mass thus obtained. The dough is kneaded until the target consistency is reached while adding the ingredients indicated in the recipe. The dough is then cut, allowed to rest for 15 to 50 minutes at 35-99° C. while maintaining humidity balance conditions in the dough-atmosphere system, and eventually baked is undertaken at 200 to 300° C.

Abstract: A composition comprising untreated flour, and starch n-alkenyl succinate, and optionally starch is disclosed. Bakery products comprise aforementioned composition. Sponge cake is a typical example of these bakery products. The composition replaces chlorinated (bleached) or untreated flour or chlorinated flour and whole egg for obtaining cholesterol reduced bakery products.

Abstract: A method for making a shelf-stable soft pretzel without using a caustic bath. The method substitutes several processing steps for the caustic bath, in combination with other microbal spoilage hurdle strategies, resulting in a uniformly browned, topically salted soft pretzel uniquely possessing a relatively low surface pH and long shelf life.

Abstract: Conventionally, wrinkles may arise on the surface of the bread dough belt, depending on the properties of the bread dough, mechanical conditions, etc., and the gluten structure in the bread dough belt may be harmed, when the bread dough belt is stretched or rolled while air bubbles are kept in the surface layer.

Abstract: A polyhydric alcohol-free flavored filling for baked flour based products is disclosed. These fillings include an aqueous phase, a mixture of sugars dissolved in the aqueous phase wherein the mixture comprises fructose, glucose and sucrose in relative proportions which prevents crystallization and set water activity value from 0.38 to 0.47, and an amount of flavoring and acidifying component. The filling provides an extended shelf life and preserves the crispness of baked flour based products in which it is included during the extended shelf life.

Abstract: The system and method for monolayer alignment snack chip transfer process a snack chip from a first to a second conveyor. By using a roll at the discharge of the toast oven conveyor that has a diameter that is substantially closer in size to the pickup roll of the second conveyor, mechanical devices for lifting the chips off of the toast oven conveyor can be avoided. Further, chip preforms' alignment in passing between the two conveyors is maintained.

Abstract: Microwaveable pizza crusts, which when heated in a microwave oven, rise in a manner similar to conventionally-baked pizza crusts. Such pizza crusts are mesophase gel-containing. Moreover, such mesophase-containing pizza crusts, when microwaved, do not only rise as is observed with conventional pizza crusts, but microwave treatment of these pizza crusts results in highly palatable and crisp pizza crusts, similar to those that are conventionally prepared. The mesophase gels formed herein for use in pizza crust are highly viscous, even in the absence of polymeric protein or polysaccharide thickening or bulking agents. The mesophase gel is formed using at least two emulsifiers and an aqueous phase. The addition of the mesophase gel to the other pizza crust components results in a leavening action, and contributes to the palatability and firmness of the resulting pizza crust.

Abstract: A process for obtaining improved structure build-up of baked products includes the steps of incorporating a sufficient amount of exopolysaccharides into a dough to show a rise in viscosity with time and thereafter maintaining the achieved viscosity. New dextrans and new micro-organisms producing them can be used in the process. Thus, the dough and baked products containing these dextrans are produced.

Abstract: A baked food product is described including a filling surrounded by a baked layer. An edible encapsulant layer surrounds the filling and is disposed between the filling and the baked layer. The encapsulant layer may be formed of a protein encapsulated starch and serves to maintain separation between the filling and the surrounding baked layer during initial baking and during subsequent storage and re-heating, even in cases of a liquid type filling. A baking method is described in which a baking mixture is prepared including at least one leavening agent provided in a predetermined amount. The baking mixture is then baked in a way which limits expansion of the baking mixture to establish a baked density of the baked product and such that the predetermined amount of the leavening agent is sufficient to limit the time required for baking the baked comestible. The predetermined amount of leavening agent may also serve in forming an enhanced thin crust surrounding the baked product.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming a dough strand from a preferably large-volume dough mixture (28) has a receptacle (2) for holding this dough mixture, which is provided at the bottom With a discharge opening (4) for the dough. Connected to this discharge opening are two shafts (6) arranged so as to be parallel to one another and driven in opposite directions in order to effect a downward movement of the dough. The shafts (6) are provided with profiles acting on the dough which are formed by star arms (5). The shafts (6) are arranged so as to be fixed and are driven in a timed manner for the rotary movement. The star arms (5), of which there is an even number for each shaft (6), in the position directed towards one another block the downward flow of dough therethrough over the major part of the axial length of the shaft (6).

Abstract: The present invention is related to the manufacture of a baked product with the product being enclosed in a wrapper. The product can be given good qualities including that desired surface portions of the product can be provided a crust similar to that achievable under open-pan baking conditions. The invention is implemented so that the dough is dosed into the baking volume formed by said sealed wrapper, subsequently baking the dough in said baking space formed by said sealed wrapper. In the wrapper, the wrapper area overlying the intended crust-formation area of the baked product is made of a moisture-permeable porous material capable of passing water vapour through its structure.

Abstract: An enzyme resistant starch type III which has a melting point or endothermic peak of at least about 140° C. as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is produced in yields of at least about 25% by weight, based upon the weight of the original starch ingredient. A gelatinization stage, nucleation/propagation stage, and preferably a heat-treatment stage are used to produce reduced calorie starch-based compositions which contain the enzyme resistant starch type III. The high melting point of the enzyme resistant starch permits its use in baked good formulations without substantial loss of enzyme resistance upon baking. Agelatinezed, starch-based bulking agent having at least 30% by weight of the enzyme-resistant starch may be used in bar-type, extruded, sheeted, or rotary molded food products. The melting enthalypy of the bulking agent may be from about 0.5 to about 4 Joules/g and its water-holding capacity may be less than 3 grams.

Abstract: A baking dough configuration device 10 includes a cutter or first member 12 that removably inserts into a tray or second member 18 having a preselected quantity of baking dough therein. The first member 12 is forcibly urged into the second member 18 until the first member 12 engages a lower wall 19 of the second member 18 thereby cutting or separating the dough in the second member 18 into a predetermined configuration. The first member 12 is then removed from the second member 18 followed by the removal of the dough from the second member 18. The dough maintains its configuration imposed by the first member 12 due to the dimension of the cuts or separations. The dough is then placed in an environmental chamber to allow for the growth of yeast, then baked, resulting in a bread roll having a configuration that is substantially the same as a bread roll derived from baked dough positioned into an “overhand knot” configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dietary fiber composition produced by a process involving cooking a calcium caseinate or calcium caseinate and whey protein isolate slurry (containing no more than 50% whey protein isolate) in an evaporator to produce a slurry of cross-linked matrices of protein, adding dietary fiber to the slurry of cross-linked matrices of protein to form a mixture, and spray atomizing the mixture in a spray dryer to produce the dietary fiber composition. Also disclosed is a fiber enriched food product containing at least one food ingredient and the dietary fiber composition. Additionally, there is disclosed a method of making a fiber enriched food product involving mixing one or more food ingredients with the dietary fiber composition. Furthermore, there is disclosed a method of increasing fiber in the diet of a mammal involving feeding to the mammal the fiber enriched food product.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for producing bread from a batter mixture. The apparatus includes a flat cooking surface, a heating element arranged to generate heat below the cooking surface in a cooking position of the cooking surface, a batter dispenser arranged to dispense batter directly onto the cooking surface, a cooling area spaced from the cooking surface in the cooking position thereof and a transfer mechanism arranged to transfer cooked batter from the cooking surface to the cooling area. This arrangement enables continuous automated production of flat leavened bread, including injera bread and the like, with repeated use of the same cooking surface. Cooking times may be in the order of a couple of minutes and therefore automated production relieves an operator of the otherwise virtually constant supervision required.

Abstract: A method for inserting one foodstuff, such as sandwich fixings, into a second foodstuff, such as a bread bun, which includes forming a cavity in the second foodstuff. The cavity may be formed by drilling with an elongated, cylindrical drill bit. The first foodstuff is inserted into the cavity by placing the first foodstuff into a carrier, and inserting the carrier into the cavity of the second foodstuff. The carrier is withdrawn while preventing the first foodstuff from exiting the cavity. The carrier can be a flexible sheet of material, onto which the first foodstuff is placed, rolled into a sleeve, and inserted into the cavity. The resulting foodstuff, such as a sandwich, has a substantially continuous wall of bread maintaining the first foodstuff within the second foodstuff.