Abstract: A baked pizza crust is provided having a water activity in the range of about 0.6-0.85, the baked crust being suitable for use in a refrigerated, ready-to-eat pizza kit. Also provided is a kit for preparing ready-to-eat pizza, the kit including pizza crust, pizza sauce and one or a plurality of pizza toppings which are hermetically sealed from the external atmosphere in a package having a base tray and a top fitted and sealed to said base tray. Preferably, each food item is in a separate compartment sealed from the other food items to substantially retard or prevent flavor, moisture and microbial migration from one food item to another.

Abstract: A method of refreshening a bread product by heating the bread product to a temperature between 2500.degree. F. and 4500.degree. F. The bread products are maintained at this temperature range for a period of 3 to 90 seconds.

Abstract: In a method of preparing soft or sticky food products for further processing, the food products are heated from below for setting a surface layer of the food products which forms a crust holding and supporting the food products during further processing. An apparatus for performing this method comprises a belt conveyor having a conveyor belt for conveying the soft or sticky food products along a path upstream of the further processing, and heating element positioned below and on both sides of the conveyor belt in the path upstream of the further processing. The heating elements heat the soft or sticky food products on the conveyor belt from below and laterally for forming a crust which is able to hold and support the food products during the further processing.

Abstract: A method of making a pizza with the crust being in the center includes providing a thin layer of dough having first and second sides and further providing the traditional ingredients including tomato sauce, at least one cheese, meats, vegetables, and fruits; applying ingredients to the first side of the thin layer of dough; turning the thin layer of dough upon the first side upon a pan having a mesh surface; applying selected ingredients to the second side of the thin layer of dough; and evenly cooking the pizza on both sides with the dough forming a crust in the center and having the ingredients on both sides of the crust rather than on one side only.

Abstract: A method of imparting resistance to moisture and texture degradation in a baked dough bread roll made from a dough formulation including a starch-degrading, bacterially derived amylase enzyme, typically in combination with one or more of gluten, gum and egg white solids. The baked dough bread roll product exhibits resistance to moisture and texture degradation during storage at refrigerated temperatures within a hermetically sealed package, gas-flushed environment.

Abstract: The extent of fermentation of a food product by a microorganism can be controlled by using a selected quantity of a nutrient for which the microorganism is auxotrophic. For example, an improved sourdough bread product was produced using a bread dough made with a starter that included a Lactobacillus fermentum strain that is auxotrophic for methionine and a quantity of whey, a source of methionine, that was selected to stop fermentation when the bread dough reached a desired acidity level.

Abstract: A dough moistening apparatus. A reservoir is disposed above a conveyor. The reservoir is operably coupled to a pump that fills the reservoir, from a tank. The reservoir has a spillway such that when overfilled, the fluid cascades onto the conveyor, thereby moistening dough items conveyed thereby.

Abstract: A partially baked and frozen Pocket Pita Bread dough that the end user simply needs to `bake off` in order to provide an authentic, fresh and high quality Pocket Pita Bread both in a commercial and in a residential environment without the investment of labor, time, space, expertise, and expense in special equipment. The present invention provides such a product, as well as a process for the manufacturing of this product.

Abstract: An improved, non-fried expanded snack product is provided which is fabricated by extruding ingredients comprising a pasta flour followed by subjecting the extrudate to a two-step drying process. The extrusion process preferably makes use of a twin screw extruder and a slow screw rotation rate. Prior to each drying step, the product is agitated in air in order to reduce clumping of the wet material. The air agitation of the product should be carried out at temperatures which are less than the temperatures utilized in each of the drying steps, and preferably at ambient temperatures. The drying steps are preferably carried out in two separate drying apparatuses, and the air agitation comprises air conveying the product to each of the drying steps. A preferred air conveying device is a conventional cyclone separator.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for dough handling includes a first conveyor for receiving dough and having a first discharge end for discharging dough. A second conveyor receives dough and is positioned along side the first conveyor to convey in the direction of the first conveyor. The second conveyor has a second discharge end that is spaced-apart from the first discharge end. The first and second conveyors can be used to separate dough pieces from an elongated dough product such as a roll and/or phase individual dough pieces to provide them in succession for packaging or further processing.

Abstract: A dough for a bread which is obtainable by adding 65 to 90 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of a raw powder, and kneading the mixture, wherein the raw powder comprises 50 to 90 parts by weight of wheat flour and 50 to 10 parts by weight of starches including at least 4 parts by weight of a cold water swelling starch and comprises 6.5 to 9.0% by weight of protein derived from wheat flour, and a bread made of the dough. The starches may include a cross-linked starch of which hot water swelling power is 3 to 15 and hot water solubility is 15% or less by weight in addition to the cold water swelling starch. Thus obtained bread has natural taste of bread along with moderate springiness, moist texture, easily resolving property in the mouth, short and light texture.

Abstract: A ready-to-bake, shelf-stable cake dough consisting essentially of flour, fat, sugar, eggs and water and usual dough additives and comprising a leavening system, the dough having a water activity of below 0.85 and being packed in an essentially gas-impermeable pouch in an atmosphere of an inert gas containing less than 4%, preferably less than 2% residual oxygen. A process for the manufacture of such a dough is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and device for forming a strand of dough from a relatively short dough body by providing a first conveyor belt having a first dough contact face and second conveyor belt having a second dough contact face, keeping the two dough contact faces spaced in order to define a transforming space for the dough body, placing the dough body on the first dough contact face of the first conveyor belt at rest and in the transforming space, subsequently driving the first conveyor belt while the second conveyor belt is at rest, and driving the second conveyor belt while the first conveyor belt is at rest, wherein the first conveyor belt is driven exclusively in one direction and the second conveyor belt is driven exclusively in one direction, whereby the resulting dough strand is stress-free and can maintain a straight shape.

Abstract: Dry pastas or noodles are heated with wet heat for a short time so that only their surface layer portion is converted to the .alpha.-starch; the pastas or noodles are then cooled, dried to remove the surface moisture, immersed in water to have it absorbed and subsequently cooled for a short time. Alternatively, the pastas or noodles that have been dried on the surface are put into a sealable container such as a plastic bag together with a specified amount of water and, thereafter, the container is sealed and the absorption of water is completed during storage or transport of the pastas or noodles. Pastas such as spaghetti and macaroni or noodles such as udon, soba and Chinese noodles can be cooked by boiling for a very short time and yet they develop same texture as can be attained by fully boiling dry or raw pastas or noodles.

Abstract: A fried snack product which is extruded and shaped into a design. The dough is formed by combining (1) starch-based flour having a specific ratio of gelatinized to ungelatinized starch and an amount of protein, (2) a pregelled modified starch (3) water, (4) shortening or oil, (5) leavening, and (6) an emulsifier. The emulsifier keeps the integrity of the starch structure or dough rheology through the extrusion process.

Abstract: A process for making a shaped snack product having a light, crispy, crunchy texture. The process comprises the steps of extruding a dough mixture comprising a source of starch based flour, pregelled modified starch and emulsifier blend selected from the group consisting of diacetyl tartaric acid monoglyceride, mono- and diglyceride, polyglycerol esters and mixtures thereof, water, shortening or oil, and leavening, and then frying the snack piece.

Abstract: A leavened, farinaceous, baked food product having a crust on all sides and a method for producing the product. One embodiment of the leavened, farinaceous, baked food product has a quick bread-like texture and can be stored frozen and later toasted by the consumer without thawing. Alternatively, the product may be stored in a refrigerator and eaten without additional toasting. The product has a thickness and product strength that is suitable for a hand-held food. The product is produced by heating a batter comprising a chemical leavening agent, or a dough comprising a yeast leavening agent or chemical leavening agent or a combination of both, under low pressure in a confined space such that a crust is formed on all sides of the product's exterior.

Abstract: An enzyme resistant starch type III which has a melting point or endothermic peak of at least about 140.degree. C. as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is produced in yields of at least about 25% by weight, based upon the weight of the original starch ingredient. A gelatinization stage, nucleation/propagation stage, and preferably a heat-treatment stage are used to produce reduced calorie starch-based compositions which contain the enzyme resistant starch type III. The enzyme resistant starch is produced using crystal nucleation and propagation temperatures which avoid substantial production of lower melting amylopectin crystals, lower melting amylose crystals, and lower melting amylose-lipid complexes. The nucleating temperature used is above the melting point of amylopectin crystals. The propagating temperature used is above the melting point of any amylose-lipid complexes but below the melting point of the enzyme resistant starch.

Abstract: A sodium chloride substitute containing alkali metal gluconates utilizable for bread and other baked goods; doughs of bread and other baked goods prepared by using the gluconate alone or together with sodium chloride; and bread and other baked goods produced from the doughs.

Abstract: A method for applying and embedding dry toppings to both rolled and biscuit-like dough products and the resulting dough piece of the method. The method includes applying dry toppings on the surface of the dough product in a sheeting line. Then, the roll pairs in the sheeting line embed the dry toppings into the surface of the dough product.

Abstract: Compositions in the form of a glassy low molecular carbohydrate matrix comprising an emulsifier. The food compositions comprise about 50 to 90% of a low molecular carbohydrate and the balance emulsifier. The food compositions are in powder form (1000 .mu.m>) and are useful as emulsifier ingredients in dry mixes for dough and batters for prepared foods such as layer cakes, muffins, breads and pancakes. Also preparation methods involving heating the low molecular carbohydrate to above its melting point, admixing the emulsifier to form a magma, rapidly cooling the magma sufficiently low enough to form a solid matrix and size reducing to form a powder of the requisite size.

Abstract: A method of making bread dough, pizza dough, and bread using a food processor having a cutting blade. Flour, yeast, and salt are placed in a bowl of the mixer and their temperature is taken to obtain a dry component temperature. Depending on the type of mixer selected, a base temperature of either about 130.degree. F. or about 150.degree. F. is selected. The dry component temperature is subtracted from the base temperature to obtain a calculated liquid temperature. The temperature of a quantity of water is adjusted to the calculated liquid temperature. The mixer is started and the water is added to the bowl. The mixer is allowed to run for about 45 seconds and is then turned off. The dough is allowed to ferment and is then formed into loaves or pizza crusts, which are baked in an oven.

Abstract: Pasta dough is blanched or cooked by forming a pasta dough into a plurality of continuous pasta dough strands and simultaneously directing leading ends of the continuous strands and water at a temperature sufficient to blanch or cook the strands into the inlet end of a pipe which descends vertically from the inlet end to an outlet end. The water contacts the strands and draws and conveys the strands through the pipe for a time sufficient to blanch or cook the strands. As the blanched or cooked strands and water exit from the pipe through the outlet end, the continuous strands are conveyed away from the pipe while draining and collecting water, which is recirculated to the pipe inlet end.

Abstract: Method and apparatus applies a strip or stream of fluid to a moving dough sheet. The apparatus has a fluid flow regulator coupled to a fluid source providing positive pressure, and a nozzle coupled to the fluid flow regulator and disposed proximate the dough sheet such that drops of fluid emerging from the nozzle contact the dough sheet before falling from the nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making bread, specifically, a process which involves the storage of dough under freezing and then under refrigeration or the storage of dough under refrigeration and then under freezing, and further relates to a freezing and refrigeration resistant yeast to be used in the process.

Abstract: An automated self-service pizza process and system comprises a vending machine with self-contained cooking and processing equipment to rapidly prepare delicious pizza. The stand-alone unattended process and system visually displays pizzas with choices of different toppings for selection by a customer who can pay for the pizza by credit card, debit card, prepaid card, bank card, or by paper money or other cash. Pizza crust can be moved to an assembly area by a robot. In the assembly area, the selected toppings are automatically dispensed on the pizza crust. The pizza is then conveyed to an oven where it is cooked and discharged into a cardboard box or other suitable container. The type of pizza and customer's name can be printed on the box with an ink jet printer.

Abstract: Sequential pieces of bakery dough are floured using a moving belt positioned beneath an elongated flour dispensing mechanism. The belt runs through a stationary guide that transiently forms the belt into a tubular enclosure which embraces the dough pieces, thereby producing a more complete flour coating on the pieces.

Abstract: Shaped, unbaked dough products are provided that are coated with a glaze comprising an amount of water, oil and a hydrophilic colloid. The application of the glaze to the dough products, followed by baking, mimics the frying step which is traditionally used in the production process of certain dough products.

Abstract: A method for preparing a food product to be cooked or reheated in a thermal oven, wherein the food is placed in a container made of a single peeled-wood blank that is folded and assembled at the folded side walls thereof. A tray particularly suitable for use in the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dough transport device having an improved dough pump, an improved manifold for dividing dough, and a rotational cutter for cutting dough into pieces of uniform shape and size. The present invention also provides a method of using and cleaning a dough transport device.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preparation of bread dough rolls is provided. The apparatus includes a first press for spreading the bread dough blank across the top surface of the mold and forcing a portion of the bread dough blank at least partially into the at least two depressions; and a second press for further spreading the bread dough blank across the top surface of the mold and forcing a portion of the bread dough blank completely into the at least two depressions. This provides a bread dough roll which can have a cross-section of intentionally varying thickness.

Abstract: Particulate cellulosic material such as microcrystalline cellulose, .alpha.-cellulose, and/or cellulose acylated with C.sub.2 to C.sub.24 aliphatic acids to a degree of substitution of about 0.05 or less, and mixtures thereof, are physically coated with an edible hydrophobic polymer to provide low calorie flour/starch replacements for edible compositions. Typical coating polymers include cellulose esters of one or more C.sub.2 to C.sub.24 aliphatic acids; cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, natural waxes such as carnauba wax, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, bees wax, and mixtures of these; petroleum waxes such as polyethylene and paraffin waxes; proteins, preferably hydrophobic, such as zein, glutenin and the like, and mixtures thereof. In preferred embodiments, the low calorie flour replacements are made in a hot melt process with intense mixing in the absence of emulsifiers and gums.

Abstract: Food compositions in the form of a glassy low molecular carbohydrate matrix comprising an emulsifier. The food compositions comprise about 50 to 90% of a low molecular carbohydrate and the balance emulsifier. The food compositions are in powder form (1000 .mu.m>) and are useful as emulsifier ingredients in dry mixes for dough and batters for prepared foods such as layer cakes, muffins, breads and pancakes. Also, preparation methods involving heating the low molecular carbohydrate to above its melting point, admixing the emulsifier to form a magma, rapidly cooling the magma sufficiently low enough to form a solid matrix and size reducing to form a powder of the requisite size.

Abstract: A folded pastry product and method for making the product are disclosed herein. The product incorporates a layered dough and fat pastry shape having a first end and a second end, a first flanged portion adjacent the first end and a second flanged portion adjacent the second end, each of the flanged portions including at least a pair of flanges and a narrowed area having side edges for holding the filling product. The flanges are overlapped to provide a recessed and sealed area for holding the filling product. The general shape of the pastry allows for efficient cutting from the pastry sheet and allowing for a minimum of wasted dough product. A method is also disclosed wherein a layered dough pastry shell is formed by cutting a shape from a sheet of layered dough, applying a filling to the shape, folding flanges of the dough shape in an overlapping fashion, indenting the flanges to clear a sealing area of filling before being sealed with a crimper.

Abstract: Shaped, unbaked dough products are provided that are coated with a glaze comprising an amount of water, a reducing sugar and a hydrophilic colloid. When baked, the dough products produce a finished product with increased horizontal dimensions over that which would be expected based on the raw dimensions of the unbaked dough product.

Abstract: A compound pizza arrangement includes an inner shell section and an outer shell section. A gap is formed between the outer edge of the inner shell section and an inner edge of the outer shell section, to prevent the shell sections from contacting each other when the shell sections expand during baking. The inner and outer shell sections function to increase the overall length of the exposed shell edge, and provide two distinct shell sections for receiving toppings or other ingredients. A die is utilized to separate the shell sections from each other and form the space therebetween.

Abstract: Edible cups containing an edible filling are prepared by extrusion-cooking ingredients which include a cereal ingredient and extruding an extrusion-cooked product strip, passing the product strip to a heated pressing device for hot-pressing the product strip while it is still thermoplastic to form cavities in the strip which define cup structures in a row and then, incisions are made between the cup structures, a food product filling is introduced into the cup structure cavity and the strip is cut so that filled cups are obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices and processes for producing baked thin-walled shaped articles from baking or pouring mixtures which expand during the baking process. The bottom half (18) of a baking mold (16) for producing thin-walled shaped articles is accommodated in the bottom tongs section (13) of a pair of baking tongs (7) and the top half (17) of the baking mold is accommodated in the top tongs section (15) of the tongs (7). The mold halves (17, 18) and tongs sections (13, 15) are provided with stop surfaces (68c, 64d) and sealing surfaces (17a, 18a, 21a, 22a) and are in mutual contact when the baking mold (16) is closed. At least one clamp device (30, 31) is provided to press the mold halves (17, 18, 21, 22) of the closed baking mold (16) together; said clamp device forces at least the two mold halves (17, 18) of the closed baking mold (16) together with a predetermined clamping force during clamping and eliminates at least the play between them.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fast cooking pasta product, which has no pastry components, but which has a bottom layer of pasta which is crisp and chewy and one or more intermediate layers of pasta which have a soft and moist and/or al dente texture. The product is made with the various layers having a moisture content controlled within established limits. The pasta product of the present invention, which is preferably round in shape, may be cooked quickly by subjecting it to temperatures in excess of 550.degree. F. to achieve the desired textures without burning the product.

Abstract: A dry raw cereal material having a starch fraction is fed into the inlet (38) of a twin screw preconditioning unit (10). The dry material is rapidly advanced and mixed in the first two zones (31, 32) and conveyed into a third zone (33). Water is introduced by ducts (42) and is admixed with the dry material to form a well mixed wetted cereal material. The screws (14, 16) include blank segments (14c, 16c) having radially extending pins (40) to create a material plug in the barrel (30) of the preconditioning unit (10). Steam is added to the wetted material in the next zone (34) to form a heated wetted cereal material which is worked in the fourth zone (34) to form a heated precooked non-continuous cereal compacted dough material which is generally maintained below its gelatinization point.

Abstract: A process for the production of a pre-cooked, high moisture, shelf-stable or refrigerated acidified filled pasta having a filling within a dough skin which includes mixing pasta ingredients together to form a pasta dough, sheeting the dough to a sheet to form the skin of the filled pasta, encasing a filling having a water activity of from 0.93 to 0.97 and a pH of from 4.6 to 5.6 within the dough sheet to give a raw filled pasta, cooking the raw filled pasta in acidified water to a pH of 4.6 to 5.6 and a moisture content of from 45% to 65% by weight and a water activity of 0.94 to 0.995, and finally packaging the cooked pasta either with heat processing or under modified atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: To facilitate baking a frozen dough product in an oven having a rack formed of aligned bars, the dough product is formed over an oven-safe paper sheet which has a plurality of die-cut holes. This sheet serves as a baking substrate and obviates the need for a baking pan. The paper sheet is formed with the dough product, and the dough extends through the holes and locks the sheet to the dough. The end user may thus remove the frozen dough product together with the sheet from a backing preform and place the assembly on an oven rack for baking. As the dough thaws the crust will loose its stiffness. The sheet however, will prevent the more pliable crust from distending through the oven rack before the dough has become baked and rigid. The sheet forms a backing which restrains flow of the dough, while at the same time the holes permit the escape of gases from the bottom of the crust and ensure uniform baking. Furthermore, the holes allow direct radiant heating of the dough product through the paper sheet.

Abstract: Elimination of the problems of a manual burrito folding operation is obtained by a high speed burrito folding machine which eliminates the need for human operators. The machine includes an endless conveyor having an entrance portion, an intermediate portion downstream of the entrance portion, and an exit portion downstream of the intermediate portion. A plurality of platform assemblies are pivotally mounted on the conveyor about a substantially vertical axis and spaced apart from one another. The swinging of a first movable platform of each platform assembly sequentially forms a first fold in each burrito. Downstream of the forming of the first fold, each burrito is sequentially revolved to a position in which the axis of the first fold is substantially transverse to the length of the conveyor. Each of a pair of spaced apart portions of the burrito are folded to form spaced apart second and third folds in the burrito which extend along fold lines which are transverse to the first fold.

Abstract: Cellulose is surface-modified by coating and/or acylation with C.sub.2 to C.sub.24, in some cases primarily C.sub.6 to C.sub.22, or more narrowly C.sub.16 to C.sub.20, aliphatic acids, to obtain cellulose esters exhibiting a degree of substitution of about 0.05 or less, preferably about 0.01 or less. The surface-modified cellulose is used as a low-calorie carbohydrate replacement in edible compositions having a carbohydrate component. Baked food products such as cookies employ the low-calorie ingredient in place of a starch ingredient in some preferred embodiments. In some of these embodiments, cookies formulated with surface-modified cellulose further contain a spreading ingredient such as polydextrose; in these, the cellulose esters help to control the spread as well as provide calorie reduction. In these and other embodiments, the food products can also contain reduced fat or a low calorie fat substitute and/or an artificial sweetener to provide further calorie reduction.

Abstract: A method pertaining to the baking of products (B) in a baking oven (1) in which the products are supported by at least one rotary oven trolley (17) comprises rotating the trolley through a number of revolutions in one direction (R1) during the baking process, and thereafter reversing the direction of rotation and continuing rotation of the trolley through several revolutions in the opposite direction (R2) before again reversing the direction of rotation of the trolley. The trolley (17) keeps the same axial position in both directions of rotation. An arrangement for carrying out the method includes a drive device (20-26) for alternating rotation of the oven trolley through an equal number of revolutions in both directions during the baking process.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polyglycerols in the manufacture of foods, in particular for influencing texture formation, water absorption capacity, freshness, inhibition of crystallization, protein denaturation and the improvement of the freeze and thaw stability and for fat replacement.

Abstract: An edible bun having a substantially elongated configuration. The bun has a base wall, a pair of integrally extending side walls and a pair of integrally extending end walls. The base walls, the side walls and the end walls define an open top food receiving cavity. Each side wall has a lower section and an upper section. The thickness of the upper section is relatively smaller than the thickness of the corresponding lower section. The open-top food receiving cavity is thus generally divided into two superposed compartments. The lower compartment is typically adapted to receive a sausage while the upper compartment is adapted to receive conventional condiments. The upper peripheral edge of the upper section preferably has an inwardly oriented retaining lip.

Abstract: A disposable muffin tray is used in a baking process having a baking step using a spiral oven with a water bath therein. Hot air is directed into close surface contact with the water pool and then into cross-flow relationship with the muffin trays to effect baking of muffin batter.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing an elongated enveloped food product is disclosed. A rotary duct for feeding a filling is located in a ring form assembly of elongated rotary rollers for feeding a viscous casing material in a coaxial relationship so as to form the elongated product in which the casing material envelops the filling material. During the feeding of the casing material and the filling material, the rotary duct rotates within the cavity formed by the elongated rollers, while its outer surface is exposed to the viscous casing material. The duct has a scraper that rotates relative to the outer surface of the duct to scrape the viscous casing material from its outer surface to prevent the viscous casing material from sticking to the surface of the duct.

Abstract: A method of preparing a dough composition. According to the method, a first batter comprising water and a leavening acid is formed. A second batter comprising water and a leavening base is also formed. After each batter is formed separately, the first and second batters are combined to formulate a dough wherein said dough proofs rapidly and provides a higher specific volume upon baking. A dough composition is formulated from two separate batters, a first batter comprising water and a leavening acid, and a second batter comprising water and a leavening base. When the two batters are combined, with flour, the resulting dough comprises from about 30 wt-% to about 60 wt-% flour; from about 20 wt-% to about 40 wt-% water; from about 0.1 wt-% to about 2.0 wt-% leavening acid; from about 0.1 wt-% to about 2.0 wt-% leavening acid. The dough proofs rapidly and, once baked, provides a specific volume ranging from about 2 cc/g to 5 cc/g.