Abstract: A method of preparing an aerated vegetable product comprising starch, oil and a heat-setting material. The method involves mixing the individual components and thereafter aerating with a gaseous material. The method is for example well suited to the preparation of an aerated potato product which has a different taste and texture compared to mashed potato. Other vegetable products can be made from for example sweetcorn, carrot or pea. Furthermore, products made according to the invention can retain their structure after being frozen and subsequently reheated.

Abstract: A fat mimetic composition which may be used in a low/no fat salad dressing and processes for their preparation are disclosed employing a unique combination of microcrystalline cellulose, cold water swelling starch and gum to provide excellent fat-like properties.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of reducing the organoleptic effect of undesirable aldehydic components in a triglyceride or derivative thereof by addition of a reaction product of an amine and an organoleptically acceptable aldehyde. The triglyceride may be a food or food component such as an edible fat or a surface active agent such as a detergent. The reaction product may be incorporated in the perfume or flavor to be added to the triglyceride or derivative thereof without distorting their organoleptic effect.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the delivery of fat soluble flavor compounds into nonfat and low-fat food products in which fat components have been replaced by non-lipid fat substitutes. A flavor delivery system comprising fat globules into which elevated levels of fat soluble flavor compounds have been loaded is incorporated into nonfat and low-fat food products in order that fat soluble flavor compounds are released in a more natural and familiar sequence.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for opacifying a reduced-fat food, employing a partially or fully debranched starch. This starch is prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6-D-glucosidic bonds of the starch, employing an endo-alpha-1,6-D-glucanohydrolase, such as pullulanase or isoamylase.

Abstract: A method is disclosed wherein amounts of fresh minced meat, high protein concentration meat juice, and vegetable oils are processed by mixing and cooking. The end product is a spreadable, meat-containing condiment having a high protein concentration and being glutamate-free.

Abstract: A reduced calorie diary mix for use in frozen dairy desserts and yoghurt is made from milk and/or milk products that have been treated with a lactase/beta-galactosidose enzyme which hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose. This increases sweetness, reduces lactose crystallization problems and creates a greater freezing point depression. Aspartame or other high potency sweetners may be added without the need for additional bulking agents and/or bulk sweeteners.

Abstract: There is provided a food and drink having a reduced oil, fat, or sugar content yet retaining good gelation properties and good organoleptic properties, etc. A part of or the whole of gelation materials, low calorie sugars and/or oils and fats is/are replaced with polyfructan.

Abstract: An unsaturated or low saturated frying oil which imparts the beefy or tallow flavor to foods that is characteristic of animal fats is disclosed. This oil is made by a process of esterifying glycerine with the unsaturated fraction of animal fat and then deodorizing or refining the resultant triglyceride. The unsaturated fraction of the animal fat contains minor fatty acids which produce this flavor on heating. Usually less than 5 mg of cholesterol/100 gm is in the oil.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion comprises an aqueous phase of water and an oil phase comprising an edible oil composition comprising 10 to 99 percent by weight, based on the entire oils and fats of the emulsion, of a diglyceride mixture containing the diglycerides having an increasing melting point of 20 degree centigrade or less. It may be mixed with a protein, lecithin or phospholipid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a low calorie fat substitute comprising an emulsion containing a non-flowable aqueous phase, an oil phase and a fat extender. Also disclosed are low calorie fat substitutes wherein the fat or oil is replaced by a fat mimetic.

Abstract: An aerated reduced-fat creme and process for its production is disclosed which is suitable as a filling for baked goods such as snack cakes. The process comprises blending a starch composition containing sugar and a pregelantinized instant starch with an aqueous syrup to form a substantially smooth paste. Water is then added to hydrate the starch followed by the addition of a vegetable shortening, and an emulsifier combination comprising a polyglycerol ester and an alkali stearoyl lactylate and sugar. This mixture is then blended and aerated to provide a product with a smooth, homogeneous appearance and creamy texture.

Abstract: The invention concerns with whippable non-dairy creams with low fat levels (15-25 wt %), that possess excellent properties, like a whipping time less than 6 min. Also a production-process is described, which includes a tempering step to make the NDC whippable within 4 min.

Abstract: This invention concerns a heat-resistant or thermally robust chocolate and method for making same. The inventive method provides a means of adding moisture to chocolate through use of lipid microstructure technology such as reverse micelle technology to form a stable water-in-oil emulsion, for example, hydrated lecithin. The stable water-in-oil emulsion is added to tempered chocolate during processing, and upon aging and stabilization, thermal robustness develops in the chocolate product. The heat-resistant chocolate of the instant invention is suitable for use in the same manner and for the same purposes for which ordinary chocolate is used. The invention provides a heat-resistant chocolate product having the desired taste, texture, mouth feel and other characteristics of ordinary chocolate.

Abstract: A method of preparing a water-in-oil emulsion spread by mixing a wet gelatin retentate wherein the off flavor has been reduced by membrane filtration to remove a low molecular weight fraction, with a fat phase.

Abstract: Fat-free and low fat mayonnaise-like dressings are provided wherein, in addition to water, a food acceptable acid such as vinegar, and an edible fat, if desired, insoluble particles of uncooked rice starch having a particle size of between about 1-15 microns are included. The rice starch particles provide opacity and fat mimetic properties with the desired mouthfeel required for mayonnaise-like dressings.

Abstract: A reduced calorie, low acid (pH greater than 4.6) dessert topping having a water activity of less than 0.84 and comprising a blend of carrageenan gum, (with gelling and viscosity control) powdered cellulose bulking agent, a non-heat thinning gum cellulose bulking agent, high fructose corn syrup, a humectant and certain trace food additive amounts less than about 0.5%.

Abstract: A stabilizing and emulsifying composition for the preparation of low-fat spreads containingfrom 70 to 85% by weight of gelatin with a gel strength of between 100 and 200 blooms,from 7.5 to 15% by weight of iota-carrageenan andfrom 7.5 to 15% by weight of xanthan.

Abstract: Microfragmented ionic polysaccharide/protein complex dispersions which are suitable for use as fat substitute compositions in food products such as ice cream, salad dressings, dips, spreads and sauces and methods for preparing such dispersions and food products.

Abstract: A shakable, edible composition comprises a continuous aqueous phase having stably suspended first oil droplets. A second oil phase normally forms an upper layer contiguous with the continuous aqueous phase when the composition stands in a container, but the second oil phase is dispersible into the aqueous phase as second oil droplets upon sufficient shaking. The stably dispersed first oil droplets increase the ease of mixing the second oil phase with the aqueous phase and can provide improved organoleptic characteristics for compositions of the invention.

Abstract: Compositions, suitable for chocolate filling, comprising a water in hard fat emulsion, wherein the particle size of the dispersed water phase is at most 50 .mu.m, are obtained by a process in which a melt of the hard fat is dispersed in an aqueous phase, after which a phase inversion is effected and the water in hard fat emulsion is obtained.

Abstract: A reduced fat ready-to-spread frosting composition comprises a sweetening agent; reduced levels of a defined triglyceride high solids index shortening; high levels of particular emulsifiers; about 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of a selected high strength gelling agent; and elevated moisture levels. The shortening system is characterized by a high solid fat index. The frosting composition has a density of about 0.95-1.20 g/cc, contains less than about 6% total fat, and is further characterized in that the weight ratio of triglyceride to emulsifier is about 1:0.3-0.5.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a viscous dressing. The dressing may be prepared using batch techniques, however, the method is particularly suitable for a continuous process for preparing viscous dressings. In the method, a gum blend is prepared which includes a gum and a diluent. A spice blend is prepared which includes water, a sweetener, spices and/or flavorings. An aqueous dispersion of a microreticulated microcrystalline cellulose is prepared. The gum blend, the spice blend and the microreticulated microcrystalline cellulose dispersion are then combined to provide a premix. The premix is then blended with a pre-prepared starch base to provide the viscous dressing product of the invention.

Abstract: Low calorie frozen desserts, in particular ice cream-like products, having a smooth, creamy, nongritty mouthfeel are disclosed. These frozen desserts contain fat comprising from about 30 to 100% of certain edible, wholly or partially nondigestible intermediate melting polyol polyesters, milk solids other than fat, sweetener, oil-in-water emulsifier, a flavoring substance, and water. The fat is substantially homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous phase as emulsified fat particles having an average particle size of about 5 microns or less. These frozen desserts are obtained by a process which initially involves the formation of a preemulsion by homogenizing a mixture which consists essentially of these intermediate melting polyol polyesters and only a portion of the other dessert ingredients. This preemulsion is then combined with the remaining dessert ingredients, homogenized, pasteurized, and at least partially frozen to provide the frozen desserts.

Abstract: There is disclosed a low calorie fat substitute comprising a non-flowable aqueous phase and an oil phase, with the interaction between said aqueous and oil phases resulting in a pourable emulsion. Also disclosed are food compositions containing pourable and nonpourable emulsions.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a lysophospholipoprotein (LPLP)-comprising foodstuff by incorporating dried LPLP or dried LPLP-comprising material, preferably having a moisture content of at most 10 wt %, at a level of 0.1-90 wt.% therein. The dried LPLP serves as a texture-modifying agent, a glossing agent, a freeze-thaw stabilizing agent, a heat-stabilizing agent and a syneresis-inhibiting agent.

Abstract: Bloom resistant cookies containing cocoa powder and/or chocolate liquor as a flavoring are produced without lard using a vegetable fat or shortening having a solid fat content of about 2.3% to about 21.6% at 70.degree. F. and about 0.2% to about 11.6% at 85.degree. F. The preferred fats are partially hydrogenated soybean oil, partially hydrogenated cotton seed oil and mixtures thereof. The fats further have an oleic acid content of about 52% to 62% and a combined linolenic acid and gadoleic acid content of 1.2% or less. The cookies exhibit similar color, taste and texture to control samples made with lard without experiencing any fat bloom.

Abstract: In an improved process for producing food products, such as confections, including milk and dark chocolate, a crystalline saccharide such as sucrose, and a fat such as cocoa butter, are blended with a minor amount of water. The blend is refined, such as by passing it through the nip of at least one pair of refining rolls, to produce particles having a size less than about 50 micrometers. The minor amount of water is effective to dissolve saccharide particles having a size less than about five micrometers. Subsequently, the refined product can be heated and agitated to evaporate the minor amount of water. The resulting semi-processed food ingredient is useful for producing food products having improved viscosity characteristics.

Abstract: A process for modifying the properties of egg yolk, which comprises treating egg yolk with an effective amount of phospholipase D derived from a microorganism, thereby to convert phospholipids contained in said egg yolk into phosphatidic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a low calorie fat substitute comprising a continuous aqueous phase containing carbohydrate and protein and a dispersed phase containing protein and fat.

Abstract: A method for treating vegetable oil to provide the natural flavor of peanut oil, olive oil an sesame oil is provided. In the method, a natural flavored oil is heated to a temperature of at least about 150.degree. F. An inert gas is conducted through the oil while maintaining the oil at a natural flavor volatilization temperature of at least about 150.degree. F. to provide an inert gas flavorant stream containing natural volatile flavor components. A vegetable oil is provided at a temperature less than the natural flavor volatilization temperature. The inert gas flavorant stream is conducted through the vegetable oil while maintaining the vegetable oil at a temperature less than the volatilization temperature of the flavored oil so as to deposit natural flavorant components in the vegetable oil to provide a vegetable oil having the derived natural flavor.

Abstract: A reduced calorie fat which contains combined MLM and MML triglycerides, combined LLM and LML triglycerides, LLL triglycerides, MMM triglycerides and other triglycerides; wherein M is a C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 saturated fatty acid residue and L is a C.sub.20 to C.sub.24 saturated fatty acid residue and a fatty acid composition having: from about 35% to about 60% combined C.sub.8 and C.sub.10 saturated fatty acids, a ratio of C.sub.8 to C.sub.10 saturated fatty acids of from about 1:4 to about 4:1, and from about 35% to about 60% behenic fatty acid.

Abstract: Novel fat mimetic compositions are disclosed to be useful in reduced calorie foods. These compounds, which can be referred to as linked esters, consist of linked multi-ester or mult-ester/ether fragments joined by a polycarboxylate. These complex linked esters may be partially broken down in the body to produce digestion residues which are substantially nondigestible themselves and are sufficiently hydrophilic to enable the digestion residues to be incorporated in the normal stool. These fat mimetic compounds are useful as replacements for fats and oils for most food applications.

Abstract: A method for preparing a food grade, insoluble bulking agent from starch is disclosed. The method involves a retrogradation process followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to form a modified starch product which can be used as a filler or as a bulking or texturizing agent in low-fat food formulations.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a flavor concentrate mainly consisting of glyceride fat and containing at least 0.6 ppm n-pentanal and/or at least 0.1 ppm n-nonanal and anti-oxidant at a concentration level in the range of 1 to 100 times c*. The present flavor concentrate may suitable be used to flavor food products.Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparing a flavor concentrate by mildly oxidizing a fat-containing composition, comprising:(a) adding anti-oxidant to a fat-containing composition at a concentration level, calculated on the fat, of at least 1 to 100 times c*,(b) keeping the composition, in the presence of water, at a temperature of more than 50.degree. C. and at most the boiling temperature of the water under the conditions applied, during a period of time ranging from 0.5 hours to 1 week.

Abstract: A process for recovering volatile aroma components from aroma-bearing vegetable materials such as roast and ground coffee. A carrier gas is passed through the vegetable material to strip aromas therefrom, and the resulting aroma-laden gas is contacted with a cryogenic liquid such as liquid nitrogen to condense the aromas from the gas. The carrier gas has a boiling point equal to or lower than that of the cryogenic liquid. Because the efficacy of the condensation step is substantially independent of the gas flow rate, the optimum gas flow rate for effective stripping may be used without loss of aromas at the condensation step.

Abstract: Oil and water emulsions which contain a phospholipoprotein material whcih has been modified by phospholipase A, and at least one native starch based thickening agent, are prepared by subsequently gelatinizing the thickening agent, incorporating the modified phospholipoprotein containing material into the gelatinized thickening agent, then incorporating the oil (which may at least partially be replaced by a low-calorie fat substitute) and finally homogenizing the mixture obtained.

Abstract: A liquid coffee whitener comprising an aqueous emulsion system which contains as its essential ingredients fat or oil, water, carbohydrate, and an amount of a protein hydrolysate effective to provide a stable emulsion and buffer the emulsion, with the emulsion having a pH of above 7.0. The use of protein hydrolysate provides an effective alternative, both functionally and organoleptically, the the use of sodium caseinate and buffering salts used in coventional liquid coffee whiteners.

Abstract: A process for tempering flavored confectionery compositions, in particular chocolate-flavored confectionery compositions, containing certain reduced calorie fats is disclosed. These compositions are rapidly cooled to a temperature of about 57.degree. F. (13.9.degree. C.) or less and then held in this cooler temperature range for typically at least about 16 hours. The cooled composition is then raised to a temperature in the range from above about 57.degree. to about 72.degree. F. (about 13.9.degree. to about 22.2.degree. C.) in a manner such that bloom formation (surface discoloration) does not occur. The resulting tempered product has a firmness and mouthmelt comparable to cocoa butter-based chocolate products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to edible compositions containing a sweetener combination of xylitol and maltitol. This combination exhibits sweetness synergism. It also lacks the undesired burning aftertaste of pure xylitol, has a substantial cooling effect and avoids set-up problems. The compositions range from confections such as chewing gum, chocolate and hard candy to dietetic foods.

Abstract: Spreads having a good microbiological stability and a fresh dairy taste are produced from demineralized, deacidified milk of pH 2.5 to 6.0. The demineralized, deacidified milk is preferably obtained by electrodialysis of fermented milk.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a low fat or substantially fat-free food product such as pourable dressings and viscous dressings. The method includes the steps of heating and repeatedly shearing at least two times an aqueous dispersion consisting of from about 3 to about 10 weight percent of microcrystalline cellulose and from about 90 to about 97 weight percent water. The shearing occurs in a high shear zone having a pressure drop of at least 12,000 psi and the shearing is sufficient to fragment the microcrystalline cellulose to submicron sized microcrystalline cellulose fragments.

Abstract: Premix preparation for ice foods comprising, as essential components, (1) an unsaturated fatty acid-free oil, (2) a glycerin fatty acid ester and (3) a mixture of pectin and pregelatinized starch. The premix preparation being capable of stably maintaining an emulsifized state of the preparation, providing a product capable of preserving for a long period, avoiding a deterioration of the taste under the sterilization at a high temperature, and enabling to easily make a shake at home.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are all vegetable oil fat compositions having a randomized palmitic acid oil as the sole palmitic acid oil. The novel all vegetable oil fat compositions are particularly for use in human infant nutritional products and combine a lauric acid oil, an oleic acid oil and a linoleic acid oil with the randomized palmitic acid oil. Sunflower oleic oil and canola (LEAR) oil may be used as oleic acids oils. For preterm or low birth weight infants, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are also included in the all vegetable oil fat compositions of the invention.

Abstract: A fresh egg-based cream including milk and sugar is prepared with appropriate amounts of monosaccharides and modified and partly hydrated amylopectin. This cream, having a low Aw value, a sufficiently long shelf life at room temperature, and a suitable mellowness, has shown to suit particularly well industrial scale confectionery production methods.

Abstract: Non-fat and reduced fat whipped frozen dessert products wherein part or all of the milk fat, vegetable fat or oil ordinarily incorporated therein is replaced by a proteinaceous macrocolloid of, e.g., denatured whey protein particles or particles having a core of casein surrounded by a shell of denatured egg white protein. Illustrative embodiments include non-fat ice cream analog products having reduced calorie content, enhanced food value due to increased protein content, and possessing the physical and organoleptic character of full fat ice creams. The egg white protein/casein particles can be used also in sauces, dips, spreads, icing and cream pie fillings.

Abstract: Low-calorie organopolysiloxane food products and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Low-calorie food products are prepared by replacing a portion of the oil with an organopolysiloxane compound having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 lower alkyl, phenyl, and combinations thereof. The low-calorie food products made include fried vegetables, such as potato chips, and food dressings, such as salad dressings and mayonnaise.

Abstract: The method for making a reduced fat foodstuff entails replacing at least a portion of the fat and/or oil in the foodstuff with an aqueous dispersion of a hydroxypropylated starch having a degree of substitution of above 0.04 and an apparent amylose content of about 40%. A high amylose corn starch is the preferred starch base. a paste made from the dispersion is translucent and tends not to retrograde.

Abstract: Food coating compositions, e.g., sauces, are disclosed which impart desirable brown color and crisp texture to the surface of microwave-cooked foods. These sauces comprise a substantially water-immiscible liquid having dispersed therein effective amounts of a coagulant, and foodstuff which is grindable and exhibits crispness when substantially dehydrated and which has a low affinity for said water-immiscible liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed are food products, especially stable beverage emulsions which contain nonhydrogenated fish oil yet which exhibit enhanced stability of the fish oil against flavor and aroma degradation. The improved food products are stabilized by the incorporation of the food product such that the weight ratio of fructose to fish oil is at least about 0.01:1. Surprisingly, incorporation of modest amounts of fructose in food products within the indicated minimum provides a stabilizing effect of the highly unstable fish oil. The present invention finds particular suitability for use in connection with fish oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids.